Research Note - Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) in Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, from West-central Lower Michigan

4 Pages·1993·0.51 MB·English

by  Muzzall, P M

134 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.
60(1), 1993, pp. 134-137
Research Note
Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) in Brook Trout,
Salvelinm fontinalis, from West-central Lower Michigan
PATRICK M. MUZZALL
Department of Zoology, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan 48824
ABSTRACT: Eubothrium salvelini infected 39 of 166 The biology, systematics, and geographical
brook trout collected in 1983 and 19 of 23 brook trout distribution of the species in the genus Euboth-
collected in 1991 from Sweetwater Creek in lower
rium Nybelin, 1922, have been discussed by
Michigan. The mean intensity ofE. salvelini-was higher
in brook trout in 1983 than in 1991. The intensity of Kennedy (1978), Andersen (1979), Andersen and
E. salvelini significantly increased with host length in Kennedy (1983), and Ching and Andersen (1983).
1983. Gravid E. salvelini infected the pyloric ceca. During a parasitological survey of trout in west-
Sweetwater Creek flows into the Pere Marquette River,
central lower Michigan, brook trout, Salvelinus
which empties into Lake Michigan. The occurrence of
fontinalis (Salmonidae), were found to be in-
E. salvelini in brook trout in this small creek and its
absence in resident brown trout and young salmon in fected with Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790).
the Pere Marquette River is discussed. The occurrence This note reports on the host-parasite relation-
of E. salvelini in brook trout in North America is sum- ships of E. salvelini infecting wild brook trout in
marized.
a small Michigan creek and summarizes the oc-
KEY WORDS: Eubothrium salvelini, Cestoda, prev-
alence, intensity, Salvelinus fontinalis, brook trout, currence of E. salvelini in brook trout in North
geographical distribution, Michigan. America.
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 60, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1993 135
One hundred sixty-six (x ± SD total length = Table 1. Occurrence of Eubothrium salvelini in Sal-
111 ± 34, range 52-200 mm) brook trout and velinus fontinalis from Sweetwater Creek in August and
23 (157 ± 16, 113-188) brook trout were col- September 1983 and October 1991.
lected by electrofishing in August to September
Num-
1983 and October 1991, respectively, from
ber ex- Preva- Mean intensity ±
Sweetwater Creek. This creek (maximum width Year amined lence 1 SD (range) r2
== 4.8 m, depth = 0.9 m) is located 4 km east of
1983 166 24 3.5 ± 4.0(1-16) 0.537*
Branch, Michigan, in Lake County. One (139
1991 23 83 2.2 ± 1.4(1-6) 0.347
mm) brown trout, Salmo trutta, and 25 (76 ±
9, 61-95 mm) slimy sculpins, Cottus cognatus * P < 0.01.
(Cottidae), were also collected from this creek in
October 1991. Fish were brought to the labora- Creek. Resident brown trout and young chinook
tory alive and examined within 36 hr or frozen. salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead from the
Cestodes from fresh fish were relaxed in distilled Pere Marquette River were negative for E. sal-
water, killed in AFA, stained with Mayer's para- velini. The presence of E. salvelini in adult On-
carmine, cleared in xylene, and mounted in Can- corhynchus spp. in Lake Michigan, its absence
ada balsam. Prevalence is the percentage of fish in resident brown trout and young salmon in the
infected, and mean intensity is the mean number Pere Marquette River, and its presence in brook
of worms per infected fish. Representative spec- trout in Sweetwater Creek indicate that the ap-
imens of E. salvelini have been deposited in the propriate intermediate host(s) are present in Lake
USNM Helminthological Collection, USDA, Michigan and Sweetwater Creek but absent in
Beltsville, Maryland 20705, as USNM 82383. the Pere Marquette River.
The prevalence of E. salvelini in brook trout Eubothrium salvelini is widespread through-
from Sweetwater Creek was higher in 1991 than out North America and infects a variety of
in 1983, while mean intensity was higher in 1983 salmonids (Hoffman, 1967; Margolis and Ar-
than in 1991 (Table 1). The difference in prev- thur, 1979). In the United States, E. salvelini has
alence may involve the length of brook trout been found in brook trout from Michigan (Coo-
examined. Trout infected with E. salvelini in 1983 per, 1918), the present study, New York (Hunter
and 1991 had mean total lengths of 133 ± 29, and Hunter, 1930), and Maine (Meyer, 1954).
74-200 mm, and 155 ± 16, 113-188 mm, re- Harrietta, Michigan, where Cooper's study oc-
spectively. One hundred three (87%) of the 118 curred, is approximately 48 km northeast of
trout, 120 mm in length or less, examined in Sweetwater Creek and is in another drainage sys-
1983 were not infected with E. salvelini. Gravid tem.
E. salvelini occurred in brook trout in every In Canada, E. salvelini has been found in brook
month sampled. The scolex of E. salvelini was trout from British Columbia (Mudry and An-
found in the distal end of the pyloric cecum. Two derson, 1977), Ontario (MacLulich, 1943; Bang-
or more worms never occurred in the same ce- ham and Venard, 1946), James Bay (Wardle,
cum. A significant correlation existed between 1932, 1933), Quebec (Richardson, 1936, 1937;
the intensity of E. salvelini and host length in Lyster, 1940; Choquette, 1948; Fantham and
1983 (Table 1). There were no significant differ- Porter, 1948; Worley and Bangham, 1952; Ha-
ences in prevalence (Chi-square analysis) and in- nek and Molnar, 1974; Black, 1981; Albert and
tensity (Student's /-test) with respect to host gen- Curtis, 1991), New Brunswick (Frimeth, 1987a,
der (P > 0.05). Nongravid E. salvelini occurred b), Labrador (Hicks and Threlfall, 1973; Chin-
throughout the intestine of 5 (20%) slimy scul- niah and Threlfall, 1978), and Newfoundland
pins. Mean intensity was 2.6 ± 2 (1-6). The sin- (Sandeman and Pippy, 1967; Threlfall and Ha-
gle brown trout was not infected with E. salvelini. nek, 1970; Cone and Ryan, 1984; Marcogliese
Sweetwater Creek flows into the Pere Mar- and Cone, 199 la, b). Ching and Andersen (1983)
quette River, which empties into Lake Michigan. suggested that the E. salvelini found in northern
Adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawy- squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, from
tscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and northwestern Canada by Kuitunen-Ekbaum
steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with (1933) and Bangham and Adams (1954) were E.
E. salvelini in Lake Michigan migrate into the tulipai.
Pere Marquette River to spawn (Muzzall, 1993). Brook trout primarily occur in northeastern
Oncorhynchus spp. do not spawn in Sweetwater North America from the Atlantic seaboard south
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
136 JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
to Cape Cod, in the Appalachian Mountains, west Choquette, L. P. E. 1948. Parasites of freshwater fish.
in the upper Mississippi and Great Lakes drain- IV. Internal helminths parasitic in speckled trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)) in rivers and lakes
ages to Minnesota, north to Hudson Bay (Scott
of the Laurentide Park, Quebec, Canada. Cana-
and Grossman, 1973). Interestingly, E. salvelini dian Journal of Research, D 26:204-211.
has been found in brook trout in many more Cone, D. K., and P. M. Ryan. 1984. Population sizes
localities in Canada than in the United States. of metazoan parasites of brook trout (Salvelinus
fontinalis') and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a
Could this indicate that E. salvelini (or its inter-
small Newfoundland lake. Canadian Journal of
mediate host) is more common in Canada than
Zoology 62:130-133.
in the United States, or the lack of thorough Cooper, A. R. 1918. North American Pseudophylli-
parasitological studies on brook trout in the dean Cestodes from Fishes. Illinois Biological
Monograph 4:7-243.
United States?
Fantham, H. B., and A. Porter. 1948. The parasitic
I thank Dan Brazo and Tom Rozich (Fisheries
fauna of vertebrates in certain Canadian fresh wa-
Habitat Biologist, Michigan Department of Nat- ters, with some remarks on their ecology, structure
ural Resources, Cadillac, Michigan) for their help and importance. Proceedings of the Zoological So-
in collecting brook trout and J. Ralph Lichten- ciety of London 117:609-649.
Frimeth, J. P. 1987a. A survey of the parasites of
fels, National Parasite Collection, USDA, for the
nonanadromous and anadromous brook charr
loan of holotypes of Eubothrium tulipai. This
(Salvelinusfontinalis) in the Tabusintac River, New
study was supported in part by the BRSG Grant Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology
#2-S07-RR07049-15 awarded to the author by 65:1354-1362.
the Biomedical Research Support Grant Pro- . 1987b. Potential use of certain parasites of
brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) as biological in-
gram, Division of Research Resources, National
dicators in the Tabusintac River, New Brunswick,
Institutes of Health, and the Department of Zo- Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:1989-
ology, Michigan State University. 1995.
Hanek, G., and K. Molnar. 1974. Parasites of fresh-
water and anadromous fishes from Matamek Riv-
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Labrador. Journal of Fish Biology 13:203-213. , and . 1991 b. Importance of lake char-
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acteristics in structuring parasite communities of caroidea) from Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) in
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Research Note
The Presence of Udonella ophiodontis in Washington and of
U. caligorum in British Columbia
HILDA LEI CHiNG1 AND BRUCE J. LEiGHTON2
1 Hydra Enterprises Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6B 3V7 and
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
ABSTRACT: The symbiotic flatworm, Udonella ophio- by Beverly-Burton (1984). There are no records
dontis, was found on copepods, Lepeophtheirus pra- of these symbionts from ectoparasitic copepods
vipes Wilson, 1912 from lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus
on fishes of the Canadian Pacific coast of North
Girard, and on L. hospitalis Fraser, 1920 from starry
America (Beverly-Burton, 1984). The lack of rec-
flounder, Platichthys stellatus (Pallas) in Washington.
The more commonly reported species, U. caligorum, ords is surprising because Fraser (1920) named
was found on Lepeophtheirus bifidus Fraser, 1920 and the caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus hospitalis "on
L. parviventris Wilson, 1905 on rock sole, Lepidopsetta account of the species being host to so many
bilineata (Ayers, 1855), and on L. hospitalis on starry
parasites." Fraser commented on the scores of
flounder in British Columbia.
KEY WORDS: Udonella ophiodontis, Udonella cali- copepods which he found that were covered with
gorum, copepod hosts, British Columbia, Washington. parasites and the numerous infected copepods
on fishes in the Vancouver Island area. Two spe-
On the theme of "Big fleas have littler fleas," cies of Udonella have been reported in Wash-
the genus Udonella is of particular interest to ington in waters adjacent to British Columbia.
parasitologists because its members are symbi- Kay (1945) described a new species, Udonella
onts on copepods, which are themselves para- ophiodontis from Lepeophtheirus sp. from the
sites of marine fishes. The systematic position of buccal cavity of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus Gi-
Udonella has been controversial with placement rard. Schell (1972) described the early develop-
among the monogeneans, in a separate class, or ment of U. caligorum from eggs taken from L.
within an order of the Turbellaria as discussed hospitalis on starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus
Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington