RESEARCH HANDBOOK ON CONTEMPORARY INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 1 29/08/2018 16:20 M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 2 29/08/2018 16:20 Research Handbook on Contemporary Intangible Cultural Heritage Law and Heritage Edited by Charlotte Waelde Coventry University, UK Catherine Cummings The University of Exeter, UK Mathilde Pavis The University of Exeter, UK Helena Enright Bath Spa University, UK Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 3 29/08/2018 16:20 © The Editors and Contributors Severally 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited The Lypiatts 15 Lansdown Road Cheltenham Glos GL50 2JA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. William Pratt House 9 Dewey Court Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2018935755 This book is available electronically in the Law subject collection DOI 10.4337/9781786434012 ISBN 978 1 78643 400 5 (cased) ISBN 978 1 78643 401 2 (eBook) Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire 2 0 M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 4 29/08/2018 16:20 Contents List of contributors vii Introduction to the Research Handbook on Contemporary Intangible Cultural Heritage 1 Charlotte Waelde, Catherine Cummings, Mathilde Pavis and Helena Enright PART I THE FRAMEWORK OF CONTEMPORARY INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE 1 Regional and international treaties on intangible cultural heritage: between tradition and contemporary culture 15 Lucas Lixinski 2 Contemporary ICH: between community and market 35 Fiona Macmillan 3 Protection and promotion of cultural heritage and human rights through international treaties: two worlds of difference? 54 Yvonne Donders 4 Contemporary ICH and the right to exclude 78 Sarah Harding PART II DEBATES WITHIN CONTEMPORARY INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE 5 ICH, cultural diversity and sustainable development 106 Abbe E. L. Brown 6 ICH and human rights: ICH, contemporary culture and human rights 139 Charlotte Waelde 7 ICH as a source of identity: international law and deontology 165 Anita Vaivade 8 ICH and identity: the use of ICH among global multicultural citizens 194 Laia Colomer v M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 5 29/08/2018 16:20 vi Research handbook on contemporary intangible cultural heritage 9 ICH and authority: lawless ‘DIY’ approaches to contemporary ICH 216 John Schofield 10 ICH and authority: the Welsh language and statutory change 234 Megan Rae Blakely 11 ICH and safeguarding: legal dimensions of safeguarding the ICH of non-dominant and counter-culture social groups 252 Janet Blake 12 ICH and safeguarding: museums and contemporary ICH (let the objects out of their cases and make them sing) 273 Catherine Cummings 13 ICH and safeguarding: uncovering the cultural heritage discourse of copyright 296 Mathilde Pavis PART III CONTEMPORARY INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS USES 14 Living cultural heritage in the Netherlands: the debate on the Dutch tradition of Sinterklaas 342 Lucky Belder and Aydan Figaroa 15 ICH as the prime asset of a cultural landscape and seascape: a case study of the Banda Islands, Indonesia 363 Joëlla van Donkersgoed and Jessica Brown 16 Cultural heritage sites and contemporary uses: finding a balance between monumentality and intangibility in Eastern Zimbabwe 379 Njabulo Chipangura 17 ICH and trade 398 Valentina Vadi Index 417 M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 6 29/08/2018 16:20 Contributors Lucky Belder is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance of Utrecht University. Her research interests include the regulation and governance of the protection of cultural heritage and cultural rights in international and national public law. Janet Blake is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Law and the Centres for Excellence in Education for Sustainable Development and Silk Roads studies at Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran) and a member of the Cultural Heritage Law Committee of the International Law Association. Megan Rae Blakely, JD, LLM, is a lecturer in law at Lancaster University. Her research centres on intellectual property law, intangible cultural heritage, and technology policy, through an interdisciplinary lens. She has recently submitted her PhD to the University of Glasgow School of Law. Abbe E. L. Brown is Chair in Intellectual Property Law at the University of Aberdeen. Her research explores the intersection between intellectual property law and other areas of law, balancing the encouragement of innovation and creativity with timely addressing of key societal challenges. Before returning to academia, she practised for ten years as a litigator in London, Melbourne and Edinburgh. Jessica Brown is Executive Director of the New England Biolabs Foundation, whose mission is to foster community-based conservation of landscapes and seascapes and the bio-cultural diversity found in these places. She leads the Protected Landscapes Specialist Group of IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas and chairs the governing board of Terralingua. She is an associate member of the Graduate Faculty of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, in the program of Cultural Heritage and Preservation Studies. Njabulo Chipangura is employed by National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe as an archaeologist and is based in Eastern Zimbabwe at Mutare Museum. His research interests include looking at the configura- tion and reconfiguration of museum collection and exhibition practices within colonial and post-colonial settings. He is also interested in produc- tion of public culture in heritage spaces. He has recently submitted his PhD for examination. In his PhD research he looked at the archaeological ethnographies of indigenous gold mining in Eastern Zimbabwe. vii M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 7 29/08/2018 16:20 viii Research handbook on contemporary intangible cultural heritage Laia Colomer is an interdisciplinary researcher and Marie Skłodowska- Curie Individual Fellow, Department of Cultural Sciences at Linnaeus University (Sweden) with a background in public archaeology and heritage studies. Dr. Colomer’s work focuses on the way heritage is involved in the process of remembering, meaning making, and construction of identity today, involving key concepts such as globalization, multiple migration, mobilities, collective memory and heritage significance. Catherine Cummings was Research Fellow at the University of Exeter on the EU’s FP7 RICHES project – (Renewal, Innovation and Change: Heritage and European Society). She holds a PhD in museums and collections and has lectured in art and design history, cultural theory and museum studies. Her research interests include the historical and contemporary role of the museum, the representation and interpretation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage and the relationship between contemporary craft and digital technology. Yvonne Donders is Professor of International Human Rights and Cultural Diversity and Head of the Department of International and European Law at the University of Amsterdam. Her teaching and research focus on international human rights law, in particular economic, social and cultural rights and human rights and cultural diversity. She is a member of the Human Rights Committee of the Advisory Council on International Affairs, the Editorial Board of the Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, the Advisory Council of the Netherlands National Institute for Human Rights, and the Board of the Dutch International Law Association. Aydan Figaroa is a student in the Legal Research Master of Utrecht University. Sarah Harding is an Associate Professor of Law at Chicago-Kent College of Law. Her research focuses primarily on property related issues, in particular the social and cultural significance of property and the protec- tion of cultural resources. Her work tends to be both comparative and interdisciplinary. Lucas Lixinski is an Associate Professor at Faculty of Law, UNSW Sydney. He is the author of Intangible Cultural Heritage in International Law (2013), and a member of the Executive Committee of the Association of Critical Heritage Studies. He is Rapporteur of the Committee on Community Participation in Global Heritage Governance of the International Law Association. Fiona Macmillan is Professor of Law at Birkbeck, University of London, Visiting Professor of Law at the Universities of Roma Tre and M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 8 29/08/2018 16:20 Contributors ix Gothenburg, and at the University of Technology Sydney. She is the co-Director of the International Society for the History and Theory of Intellectual Property (ISHTIP), www.ishtip.org. Mathilde Pavis is a lecturer in law at the University of Exeter. Mathilde specialises in intellectual property law with a particular interest in the way this field of law intersects with the notions of performance and disability respectively. John Schofield is Head of Archaeology at the University of York, a Senior Research Fellow at Flinders University (Australia), and Docent at Turku University (Finland). Previously he spent 21 years with English Heritage. His research into contemporary heritage, always from an archaeological per- spective, features in a number of publications across a range of disciplines. Valentina Vadi is a Professor of International Economic Law at Lancaster University. She is the co-editor (with Hildegard Schneider) of Art, Cultural Heritage and the Market: Legal and Ethical Issues (2014), and (with Bruno De Witte) of Culture and International Economic Law (2015). Valentina Vadi is the author of Cultural Heritage in International Investment Law and Arbitration (2014). Anita Vaivade is Assistant Professor and Chairholder of the UNESCO Chair on Intangible Cultural Heritage Policy and Law at the Latvian Academy of Culture. She has worked for the Latvian National Commission for UNESCO as Culture, Communication and Information Sector Director, and defended her PhD thesis in 2011 on the conceptualisation of intangible cultural heritage in law. Recently, she has lead Latvian delega- tion at the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, and is co-leading an international comparative law research project ‘Osmosis’ on intangible cultural heritage national legislations. Joëlla van Donkersgoed is a PhD candidate in the program of Cultural Heritage and Preservation Studies in the department of Art History at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Her dissertation research focuses on the current post-colonial cultural landscape of the Banda Islands in the province Maluku in Indonesia. Charlotte Waelde is Professor of Intellectual Property Law and works in the Centre for Dance Research at Coventry University. Her academic focus is currently on intellectual property, intangible cultural heritage and human rights and the intersections between the three domains. Her work is interdisciplinary and collaborative; she is currently working on projects that range from copyright and dance, to air pollution in Africa. M4601-WAELDE_9781786434005_t.indd 9 29/08/2018 16:20