Table Of Content

Research Guide to American Literature Part II Study G uides American Modernism on General Topics = 1914–1945 Z RGAL_5 FNL.indd 1 4/6/10 9:23:07 AM Research Guide to American Literature = Volume 1: Colonial Literature, 1607–1776 Volume 2: Early American Literature, 1776–1820 Volume 3: Romanticism and Transcendentalism, 1820–1865 Volume 4: Realism and Regionalism, 1865–1914 Volume 5: American Modernism, 1914–1945 Volume 6: Postwar Literature, 1945–1970 Volume 7: Contemporary Literature, 1970 to Present RGAL_5 FNL.indd 2 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Research Guide to American Literature Part II Study Guides American Modernism on General Topics 191=4–1945 Z George Parker Anderson Bruccoli Clark Layman, Inc. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book RGAL_5 FNL.indd 3 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Research Guide to American Literature: American Modernism, 1914–1945 Copyright © 2010 by George Parker Anderson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Research guide to American literature. — New ed. p. cm. “A Bruccoli Clark Layman book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-7861-5 (v. 1 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7862-2 (v. 2 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7863-9 (v. 3 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7864-6 (v. 4 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7865-3 (v. 5 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7866-0 (v. 6 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7867- 7 (v. 7 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-1-4381-3403-1 (e-book) 1. American literature— Research—Methodology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. American literature—History and criticism. 3. Canon (Literature) I. Franklin, Benjamin, 1939– II. Vietto, Angela III. Habich, Robert D., 1951– IV. Quirk, Tom, 1946– V. Scharnhorst, Gary. VI. An- derson, George Parker, 1957– VII. Cusatis, John. VIII. Moser, Linda Trinh, 1964– IX. West, Kathryn, 1962– X. Facts on File, Inc. PS51.R47 2010 810.7’2—dc22 2009047815 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Composition by Bruccoli Clark Layman Cover printed by Art Print, Taylor, PA Book printed and bound by Maple Press, York, PA Date printed: May 2010 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. RGAL_5 FNL.indd 4 5/13/10 10:22:07 AM For Julie and the pack and in memory of M.J.B. = RGAL_5 FNL.indd 5 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM RGAL_5 FNL.indd 6 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Contents = Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Series Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Part I: OvervIew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Boundaries of the Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Dominant Genres and Literary Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Movements and Schools 8 Historical and Social Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 The Great War Years 11 The Red Scare and the Palmer Raids 12 Amending the Constitution 12 The Twenties 13 The Thirties and the New Deal 14 The Spanish Civil War and World War II 15 Literary Influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 New Publishing Houses 17 Book Clubs and the Paperback Revolution 17 The Recognition of the American Writer 18 Americans in Paris 18 Evolution of Critical Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Literary Journalists 20 African American Literature 21 A Usable Past 22 T. S. Eliot and the New Criticism 22 Criticism Today of the 1914–1945 Period 23 Part II: Study GuIdeS On General tOPIcS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 African American Literature and the Harlem Renaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 “The Essence of a Continent”: The Lyricists of Tin Pan Alley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 RGAL_5 FNL.indd 7 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Family Stories and the Stratemeyer Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 The Great Depression and Proletarian Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 The Hard-Boiled Detective and the Pulps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Modernism and the Changing American Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 The New Deal and Writers: American Guides and Living Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 On Trial: American Justice and “A Good Shoemaker and a Poor Fish-Peddler” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 “That Ain’t the Way the Chinese Behave”: American Identity and the Literature of Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Writing for Money: The Saturday Evening Post and the Literary Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Part III: Study GuIdeS On wOrkS and wrIterS . . . . . . . .103 Sherwood Anderson, Winesburg, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Willa Cather, My Ántonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 T. S. Eliot, The Waste Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tender Is the Night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 Robert Frost, North of Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 Lillian Hellman, The Children’s Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 Langston Hughes, The Ways of White Folks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Ring Lardner, How to Write Short Stories [with Samples] . . . . . . . .182 Sinclair Lewis, Main Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 John O’Hara, Appointment in Samarra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Eugene O’Neill, Desire Under the Elms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Katherine Anne Porter, The Miranda Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Wallace Stevens, Harmonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 RGAL_5 FNL.indd 8 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Jean Toomer, Cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Eudora Welty, A Curtain of Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Nathanael West, The Day of the Locust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Thornton Wilder, Our Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 William Carlos Williams, Collected Poems, 1921–1931 . . . . . . . . . .259 Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 Richard Wright, Native Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Part Iv: annOtated BIBlIOGraPhy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 Part v: GlOSSary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 RGAL_5 FNL.indd 9 4/6/10 9:23:09 AM

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Volume 7: Contemporary Literature, 1970 to Present. = crawling into the sacred corners of American homes, seeking to replace mar- . Soviets were invading from the east; Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945. In . His early books include George Bernard Shaw: His Plays (1905) and The Philoso-.
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Research Guide to American Literature Part II Study G uides American Modernism on General Topics = 1914–1945 Z RGAL_5 FNL.indd 1 4/6/10 9:23:07 AM Research Guide to American Literature = Volume 1: Colonial Literature, 1607–1776 Volume 2: Early American Literature, 1776–1820 Volume 3: Romanticism and Transcendentalism, 1820–1865 Volume 4: Realism and Regionalism, 1865–1914 Volume 5: American Modernism, 1914–1945 Volume 6: Postwar Literature, 1945–1970 Volume 7: Contemporary Literature, 1970 to Present RGAL_5 FNL.indd 2 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Research Guide to American Literature Part II Study Guides American Modernism on General Topics 191=4–1945 Z George Parker Anderson Bruccoli Clark Layman, Inc. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book RGAL_5 FNL.indd 3 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Research Guide to American Literature: American Modernism, 1914–1945 Copyright © 2010 by George Parker Anderson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Research guide to American literature. — New ed. p. cm. “A Bruccoli Clark Layman book.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-7861-5 (v. 1 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7862-2 (v. 2 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7863-9 (v. 3 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7864-6 (v. 4 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7865-3 (v. 5 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7866-0 (v. 6 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-8160-7867- 7 (v. 7 : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-1-4381-3403-1 (e-book) 1. American literature— Research—Methodology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. American literature—History and criticism. 3. Canon (Literature) I. Franklin, Benjamin, 1939– II. Vietto, Angela III. Habich, Robert D., 1951– IV. Quirk, Tom, 1946– V. Scharnhorst, Gary. VI. An- derson, George Parker, 1957– VII. Cusatis, John. VIII. Moser, Linda Trinh, 1964– IX. West, Kathryn, 1962– X. Facts on File, Inc. PS51.R47 2010 810.7’2—dc22 2009047815 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Composition by Bruccoli Clark Layman Cover printed by Art Print, Taylor, PA Book printed and bound by Maple Press, York, PA Date printed: May 2010 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. RGAL_5 FNL.indd 4 5/13/10 10:22:07 AM For Julie and the pack and in memory of M.J.B. = RGAL_5 FNL.indd 5 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM RGAL_5 FNL.indd 6 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Contents = Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Series Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Part I: OvervIew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Boundaries of the Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Dominant Genres and Literary Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Movements and Schools 8 Historical and Social Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 The Great War Years 11 The Red Scare and the Palmer Raids 12 Amending the Constitution 12 The Twenties 13 The Thirties and the New Deal 14 The Spanish Civil War and World War II 15 Literary Influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 New Publishing Houses 17 Book Clubs and the Paperback Revolution 17 The Recognition of the American Writer 18 Americans in Paris 18 Evolution of Critical Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Literary Journalists 20 African American Literature 21 A Usable Past 22 T. S. Eliot and the New Criticism 22 Criticism Today of the 1914–1945 Period 23 Part II: Study GuIdeS On General tOPIcS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 African American Literature and the Harlem Renaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 “The Essence of a Continent”: The Lyricists of Tin Pan Alley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 RGAL_5 FNL.indd 7 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Family Stories and the Stratemeyer Syndicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 The Great Depression and Proletarian Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 The Hard-Boiled Detective and the Pulps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Modernism and the Changing American Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 The New Deal and Writers: American Guides and Living Newspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 On Trial: American Justice and “A Good Shoemaker and a Poor Fish-Peddler” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 “That Ain’t the Way the Chinese Behave”: American Identity and the Literature of Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Writing for Money: The Saturday Evening Post and the Literary Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Part III: Study GuIdeS On wOrkS and wrIterS . . . . . . . .103 Sherwood Anderson, Winesburg, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Willa Cather, My Ántonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 John Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113 T. S. Eliot, The Waste Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tender Is the Night . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 Robert Frost, North of Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Dashiell Hammett, The Maltese Falcon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 Lillian Hellman, The Children’s Hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 Langston Hughes, The Ways of White Folks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Ring Lardner, How to Write Short Stories [with Samples] . . . . . . . .182 Sinclair Lewis, Main Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 John O’Hara, Appointment in Samarra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Eugene O’Neill, Desire Under the Elms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Katherine Anne Porter, The Miranda Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204 John Steinbeck, Of Mice and Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 Wallace Stevens, Harmonium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 RGAL_5 FNL.indd 8 4/6/10 9:23:08 AM Jean Toomer, Cane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Eudora Welty, A Curtain of Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Nathanael West, The Day of the Locust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Thornton Wilder, Our Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 William Carlos Williams, Collected Poems, 1921–1931 . . . . . . . . . .259 Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265 Richard Wright, Native Son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Part Iv: annOtated BIBlIOGraPhy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 Part v: GlOSSary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 RGAL_5 FNL.indd 9 4/6/10 9:23:09 AM

Description:
Volume 7: Contemporary Literature, 1970 to Present. = crawling into the sacred corners of American homes, seeking to replace mar- . Soviets were invading from the east; Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945. In . His early books include George Bernard Shaw: His Plays (1905) and The Philoso-.
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