Table Of Content

Research for Architectural Practice This book provides a clear guide for practitioners looking to establish or already conducting research projects in a practice context and graduate students looking to support their studies and role within practice. The book is divided into three key sections. The first section, across Chapters Two and Three, discusses why research is relevant to practice, how it benefits both practice and their clients, the breadth of topics, and tackles the key challenges facing research in practice and discusses how to overcome them, including how to fund research in practice. Section two, across Chapters Four to Seven, focuses on the mechanics of a research project, providing a step-by- step guide to reviewing literature and publications, data collection and research methods, ethics, writing up and publishing. In the final section, Chapter Eight presents profiles of twelve architecture practices ranging in size, structure, location, research interest and approach, followed by illustrated profiles of their design influenced research work. The practices featured here are Counterspace Studio, ZCD Architects, Baca Architects, Tonkin Liu, Pomeroy Studio, Architecture Research Office, Architype, Gehl Architects, Hayball, PLP Architects, White Arkitekter and Perkins&Will. With practice based examples throughout, beautifully illustrated and written in a clear and accessible style, this is an essential guide to conducting research that is relevant for architectural practices of all size, location and expertise. Katharine A. Martindale, PhD, is a researcher, writer, lecturer and urbanist with academic qualifications in architecture, urban design, geography and planning policy and twenty years professional experience in research led roles in academic institutions, private consultancies, think tanks and government offices in the UK, US, Canada and Australia. Research for Architectural Practice Katharine A. Martindale First published 2022 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 Katharine A. Martindale The right of Katharine A. Martindale to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Martindale, Katharine (Katharine A.), author. Title: Research for architectural practice / Katharine Martindale. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021002557 (print) | LCCN 2021002558 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367470111 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367470135 (paperback) Subjects: LCSH: Architectural practice. | Architecture—Research—Methodology. Classification: LCC NA1995 .M37 2021 (print) | LCC NA1995 (ebook) | DDC 724/.7—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021002557 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021002558 ISBN: 978-0-367-47011-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-47013-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-03283-0 (ebk) Typeset in Scala Sans by codeMantra Research: The creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. The Frascati Manual OECD Publications, 2002 Contents Acknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction 1 2 Making the case for research in practice 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Why do architects in practice conduct research? 3 2.2.1 To expand and demonstrate practice expertise 4 2.2.2 To innovate 5 2.2.3 To fulfil passion projects 5 2.2.4 To introduce new thinking 6 2.2.5 To raise the practice profile 7 2.2.6 To deliver commissioned research 8 2.2.7 To attract talent 8 2.3 Overcoming the barriers to conducting research in practice 9 2.3.1 Finding funding 9 2.3.2 Working with academia 11 2.3.3 Overcoming a lack of research training 12 2.3.4 Size matters, or, is research is only for large practice? 13 vii Contents 2.3.5 Support for research at a senior level 14 2.3.6 Post occupancy evaluation and the fear of being sued 14 2.3.7 Publishing, non-disclosure agreements and the loss of competitive advantage 15 2.4 The scope of practice based research 16 2.4.1 Research across design sectors 17 2.4.2 Cross sector research 24 2.5 Conclusions 31 3 Funding research in practice 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Research and development tax schemes 33 3.2.1 Three pitfalls to avoid when applying for R&D tax credits 35 3.2.2 R&D tax schemes by country 36 3.3 Client commissioned research 42 3.4 Academic collaborations 42 3.5 Funding sources 45 3.5.1 American Institute of Architects – Upjohn Research Initiative 45 3.5.2 Arts Council England 46 3.5.3 Ashden Awards 46 3.5.4 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science 47 3.5.5 Australian Institute of Architects – David Lindner Prize 47 3.5.6 British Council: Newton Fund Institutional Links Grant 48 3.5.7 Global Challenges Research Fund 48 3.5.8 Heritage Lottery Fund 49 3.5.9 Historic England 50 3.5.10 Horizon Europe 50 3.5.11 Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowships 51 3.5.12 National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts 51 viii Contents 3.5.13 National House Building Council Foundation 52 3.5.14 National Science Foundation 52 3.5.15 New South Wales Architects Registration Board – Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship 53 3.5.16 Royal Institute of British Architects – Boyd Auger Scholarship 54 3.5.17 Royal Institute of British Architects Research Trust 54 3.5.18 Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Research Trust 54 3.5.19 Royal Society Research Grant 55 3.5.20 UK Research and Innovation 55 3.5.21 Winston Churchill Memorial Trust 56 3.6 Conclusions 57 4 Developing the research proposal 58 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 Writing an abstract 58 4.3 Setting out a research proposal 60 4.4 Conclusions 65 5 The research process 66 5.1 Introduction 66 5.2 Reviewing existing knowledge, writing a literature review 67 5.3 Referencing and citations 68 5.3.1 American Psychological Association 70 5.3.2 The Chicago Manual of Style 70 5.3.3 The Harvard referencing system 71 5.4 Data collection methodologies 72 5.4.1 Gathering data from people 73 5.4.2 Case studies 78 5.4.3 Archival data collection 79 5.4.4 Digital data 82 ix