Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems

530 Pages·1981·13.6 MB·English

by  Robert M. Post (auth.)

Research Advances in
Alcohol and
Drug Problems
Volume 6
RESEARCH ADVANCES IN
ALCOHOL AND DRUG PROBLEMS
Series Editors:
Yedy Israel
Frederick B. Glaser
Harold Kalant
Robert E. Popham
Wolfgang Schmidt
Reginald G. Smart
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will
bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are
billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the pub
lisher.
Research Advances in
Alcohol and
Drug Problems
Volume 6
Edited by
Yedy Israel, Frederick B. Glaser, Harold Kalant,
Robert E. Popham, Wolfgang Schmidt, and Reginald G. Smart
Addiction Research Foundation and
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:
Research advances in alcohol & drug problems. v. 1-
New York [etc.] J. Wiley, 1974-
v. 24 cm. annual.
"A Wiley biomedical health pUblication."
ISSN 0093-9714
1. Alcoholism-Periodicals. 2. Narcotic habit-Periodicals.
RC565.R37 616.8'6'005 73-18088
ISBN-J3: 978-1-4615-7742-3 e-ISBN-J3: 978-1-4615-7740-9
001: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7740-9
© 1981 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1981
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher
ADVISORY PANEL
J. C. Ball Phi ladelph ia, Pen nsylvan ia
K. Bruun Stockholm, Sweden
H. D. Cappell Toronto, Ontario
J. De Lint Amsterdam, The Netherlands
G. Edwards London, England
L. E. Hollister Palo Alto, California
O. Irgens-Jensen Oslo, Norway
J. H. Jaffe Scarsdale, New York
Oriana Josseau Kalant Toronto, Ontario
K. F. Killam Davis, California
A. E. LeBlanc Toronto, Ontario
C. M. Leevy Newark, New Jersey
J. Mardones Santiago, Chile
W. H. McGlothlin* Los Angeles, California
H. Mcilwain London, England
J. H. Mendelson Belmont, Massachusetts
W. D. M. Paton Oxford, England
H. Popper New York, New York
J. G. Rankin Sydney, Australia
R. W. Russell Bedford Park, S. Australia
J. R. Seeley Berkeley, California
C. R. Schuster Chicago, Illinois
H. Solms Geneva, Switzerland
R. Straus Lexington, Kentucky
• Deceased, 1980
Contributors
S. SULTAN AHMED, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New
Jersey
HOWARD CAPPELL, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada
PETER L. CARLEN, Addiction Research Foundation and Toronto Western
Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
THOMAS CHEN, Division of Digestive Diseases--Hepatology, Department
of Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New
Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
WALTER B. CLARK, Social Research Group, School of Public Health,
University of California, Berkeley, California
DAVID DE WIED, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Pharmacology, Medical Fac
ulty, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
PHILIP O. ETTINGER, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New
Jersey
DICK GREGORY, Oklahoma State Department of Mental Health, Division
of Alcoholism, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
LEO E. HOLLISTER, Veterans Administration Hospital and Stanford Uni
versity School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
NATARAJAN KANAGASUNDARAM, Division of Digestive Diseases-
Hepatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Den
tistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
A. E. leBLANC, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada
CARROLL M. LEEVY, Division of Digestive Diseases--Hepatology, De
partmentof Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
GUNTER OBE, Institut fur Genetik, Freie Universitat, Berlin, West Germany
ALFONSO PAREDES, University of California, Los Angeles and Brentwood
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
ROBERT M. POST, Section of Psychobiology, Biological Psychiatry Branch,
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
TIMOTHY J. REGAN, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New
Jersey
O. H. RUNDELL, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma
ARTHUR SCHAEFER, Department of Philosophy, University of Manitoba,
Winnipeg, Canada
ERIC W. SINGLE, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada
HARVEY A. SKINNER, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada
REGINALD G. SMART, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada
JAN VAN REE, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Pharmacology, Medical Faculty,
University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
EVELYN VINGILlS, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada
D. ADRIAN WILKINSON, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Can
ada
Preface
Over the last decade the world has experienced a growing interest in
problems associated with the nonmedical use of drugs. This interest has
corresponded to a real growth in the extent, diversity, and social impact of
the use of alcohol and drugs in many societies. As a result, the amount of
research and writing on the subject of drug problems has greatly increased,
and it has become very difficult for one individual to keep up with all the
relevant literature. There is thus an acute need in the field for critical
reviews that assess current developments, and the present series is
intended to fill this need. The series is not to be an "annual review" in the
usual sense. The aim is not to cover all the work reported during the
preceding year in relation to a fixed selection of topics. Rather, it is to
present each year evaluative papers on topics in which enough recent
progress has been made to alter the general scope in a particular area.
Owing to the multidisciplinary nature of problems of drug use and
dependence, the papers published in each volume will be drawn from
several disciplines. However, some volumes may be devoted to one partic
ular problem, with individual reviews and papers examining various
aspects of it.
The composition of the editorial board and the international advisory
board reflects these objectives. The editors are members of the senior
scientific staff of the Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario. Their own
areas of special interest include the fields of biochemistry, pharmacology,
psychiatry, anthropology, sociology, and jurisprudence. The members of
the international advisory panel, representing seven countries in Europe,
North and South America, and Australia, are well known, and their inter
ests range over the relevant disciplines. On the basis of their knowledge of
the relevant fields and their reading of the literature in various languages,
they propose to the editors each year a list of the subjects that are most
appropriate for review, as well as the names of investigators in different
parts of the world who might be best qualified to write the reviews.
Obviously no publication can guarantee that it will fill the needs of all its
readers with respect to sorting out fact from conjecture, the important from
ix
x PREFACE
the trivial, or the permanent from the transitory. Nevertheless, we hope
that this series will provide a lead in the desired direction and will stimulate
the type of interdisciplinary inquiry that is most required.
The Editors
Toronto
Contents
1. CENTRAL STIMULANTS: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
EVIDENCE ON TOLERANCE AND SENSITIZATION 1
Robert M. Post
1. Introduction 1
2. The Phenomenology of Behavioral Sensitization to Central
Stimulants 6
3. Factors Associated with the Development of Behavioral Sensitization and
Tolerance 13
4. Postulated Mechanisms for Behavioral Sensitization and Tolerance to the
Psychomotor Stimulants and Related Compounds 32
5. Clinical Implications of the Development of Tolerance and Sensitization
to the Central Stimulants 44
References 51
2. BRAIN PEPTIDES AND PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG
EFFECTS 67
Jan M. Van Ree and David De Wied
1. Peptides 67
2. Neuropeptides 68
3. Psychoactive Drugs 73
4. Morphinomimetics 74
5. Ethanol 88
6. Barbiturates 89
7. Neuroleptics 90
8. Concluding Remarks 92
References 93
xi