Reproductive Biology of Fishes

499 Pages·2002·4.24 MB·English

by  Robert J. Wootton, Carl Smith

Reproductive Biology
of Teleost Fishes

Reproductive Biology
of Teleost Fishes
Robert J. Wootton
Institute of Biological,
Environmental and Rural Sciences,
Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth,
Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK
Carl Smith
School of Biology, University of St. Andrews,
St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
and
Institute of Vertebrate Biology,
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,
Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wootton, R. J. (Robert J.)
Reproductive biology of teleost fishes / by Robert J. Wootton, Carl Smith.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-632-05426-8 (Cloth)
1. Osteichthyes–Reproduction. I. Smith, Carl, 1966–. II. Title.
QL639.2.W66 2015
597–dc23
2014028490
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in
print may not be available in electronic books.
Cover image: A pair of European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) preparing to spawn in
the gills of a freshwater unionid mussel. Photo by Carl Smith.
Set in 9/11.5pt Myriad Pro by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
1 2015
For Ella and Alfie
Grandchildren are the dessert of life
Robert John Wootton (1942–2014)
On 3 March 2014 Robert ‘Bob’ Wootton passed away at his home in Aberystwyth in
west Wales. He was 71. Bob was a highly accomplished fish ecologist and evolutionary
biologist and an authority on the three-spined stickleback, a species he successfully
championed as a model species for research.
Bob suffered progressively declining health over the last 6 years of his life, although
his illness did not halt his academic work. From 2009 until a few weeks before his death,
Bob and I worked together on the present book, which Bob saw successfully through
to completion. It had been a lifetime’s ambition of his to write a book devoted to tel-
eost reproduction. Despite his illness, Bob dedicated himself to what would be his last
major piece of academic work, and it is testimony to his extraordinary tenacity, and
intellectual and physical endurance, that he was able to do so. This book will be one of
his many legacies to the field of fish biology.
Carl Smith
St Andrews
Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Abbreviations and acronyms xxi
1 Introduction 1
Introduction 1
Reproductive modes of the teleosts 2
Gender systems of teleosts 2
Spawning dynamics 4
Modes of fertilisation 5
Mating systems 5
Secondary sexual characteristics 6
Parental care 6
Reproductive guilds 6
Reproductive diversity in teleosts: an explanatory framework 6
Phylogenetic relationships of the teleosts 8
Life-history theory 9
Aims of the volume 11
2 Sex determination 13
Introduction 13
Genotypic sex determination 14
Monofactorial genotypic sex determination 14
Multifactorial genotypic sex determination 20
Polyfactorial (polygenic) genotypic sex determination 20
Environmental sex determination 21
Evolution of sex-determining mechanisms 26
3 Sex differentiation 31
Introduction 31
Embryology of the gonads 32
Origin and migration of primordial germ cells 33
Sex differentiation in the gonadal anlagen 35
Initial differentiation of the gonads 36
vii
viii Contents
Initial differentiation of ovaries 38
Initial differentiation of testes 38
Genetic control of early gonadal differentiation 40
Synthesis 42
4 Gametogenesis 45
Introduction 46
Structure of ovaries 48
Gross morphology of the ovaries 48
Development of female gonoducts 51
Oogenesis 52
Oogonial proliferation and oogonial nest formation 53
Chromatin nucleolus stage 53
Primary growth 54
Secondary growth – vitellogenesis 55
Vitellogenin and the zona pellucida proteins 56
Polarity of the oocyte 58
Oocyte maturation 58
Ovulation 60
Atresia 60
Fertilisation 62
Genetic control of oogenesis 64
Dynamics of oocyte development 65
Spawning dynamics and fecundity 66
Structure of the testes 66
Gross morphology of a testis 66
Development of male gonoducts 69
Accessory structures associated with the testes and gonoducts 70
Spermatogenesis 71
Spermatocysts 71
Sertoli cells 71
Stages of spermatogenesis within a spermatogenic
spermatocyst 73
Differentiated spermatogonia 73
Primary spermatocysts 73
Secondary spermatocysts 73
Spermatids 74
Spermiation and capacitation 75
Types of spermatozoa 76
Structure and phylogenetic distribution 76
Spermatozoa viability 77
Genetic control of spermatogenesis 79
Dynamics of spermatogenesis 79
Quantitative analysis of sperm production 80
5 Endocrinology of reproduction 81
Introduction 82
Brain–pituitary–gonad reproductive axis in vertebrates 83
Levels of analysis 85