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Reproductive Biology of Fishes PDF

499 Pages·2002·4.24 MB·English
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Reproductive Biology of Teleost Fishes Reproductive Biology of Teleost Fishes Robert J. Wootton Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK Carl Smith School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK and Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Registered office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wootton, R. J. (Robert J.) Reproductive biology of teleost fishes / by Robert J. Wootton, Carl Smith. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-632-05426-8 (Cloth) 1. Osteichthyes–Reproduction. I. Smith, Carl, 1966–. II. Title. QL639.2.W66 2015 597–dc23 2014028490 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: A pair of European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) preparing to spawn in the gills of a freshwater unionid mussel. Photo by Carl Smith. Set in 9/11.5pt Myriad Pro by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2015 For Ella and Alfie Grandchildren are the dessert of life Robert John Wootton (1942–2014) On 3 March 2014 Robert ‘Bob’ Wootton passed away at his home in Aberystwyth in west Wales. He was 71. Bob was a highly accomplished fish ecologist and evolutionary biologist and an authority on the three-spined stickleback, a species he successfully championed as a model species for research. Bob suffered progressively declining health over the last 6 years of his life, although his illness did not halt his academic work. From 2009 until a few weeks before his death, Bob and I worked together on the present book, which Bob saw successfully through to completion. It had been a lifetime’s ambition of his to write a book devoted to tel- eost reproduction. Despite his illness, Bob dedicated himself to what would be his last major piece of academic work, and it is testimony to his extraordinary tenacity, and intellectual and physical endurance, that he was able to do so. This book will be one of his many legacies to the field of fish biology. Carl Smith St Andrews Contents Preface xvii Acknowledgements xix Abbreviations and acronyms xxi 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1 Reproductive modes of the teleosts 2 Gender systems of teleosts 2 Spawning dynamics 4 Modes of fertilisation 5 Mating systems 5 Secondary sexual characteristics 6 Parental care 6 Reproductive guilds 6 Reproductive diversity in teleosts: an explanatory framework 6 Phylogenetic relationships of the teleosts 8 Life-history theory 9 Aims of the volume 11 2 Sex determination 13 Introduction 13 Genotypic sex determination 14 Monofactorial genotypic sex determination 14 Multifactorial genotypic sex determination 20 Polyfactorial (polygenic) genotypic sex determination 20 Environmental sex determination 21 Evolution of sex-determining mechanisms 26 3 Sex differentiation 31 Introduction 31 Embryology of the gonads 32 Origin and migration of primordial germ cells 33 Sex differentiation in the gonadal anlagen 35 Initial differentiation of the gonads 36 vii viii Contents Initial differentiation of ovaries 38 Initial differentiation of testes 38 Genetic control of early gonadal differentiation 40 Synthesis 42 4 Gametogenesis 45 Introduction 46 Structure of ovaries 48 Gross morphology of the ovaries 48 Development of female gonoducts 51 Oogenesis 52 Oogonial proliferation and oogonial nest formation 53 Chromatin nucleolus stage 53 Primary growth 54 Secondary growth – vitellogenesis 55 Vitellogenin and the zona pellucida proteins 56 Polarity of the oocyte 58 Oocyte maturation 58 Ovulation 60 Atresia 60 Fertilisation 62 Genetic control of oogenesis 64 Dynamics of oocyte development 65 Spawning dynamics and fecundity 66 Structure of the testes 66 Gross morphology of a testis 66 Development of male gonoducts 69 Accessory structures associated with the testes and gonoducts 70 Spermatogenesis 71 Spermatocysts 71 Sertoli cells 71 Stages of spermatogenesis within a spermatogenic spermatocyst 73 Differentiated spermatogonia 73 Primary spermatocysts 73 Secondary spermatocysts 73 Spermatids 74 Spermiation and capacitation 75 Types of spermatozoa 76 Structure and phylogenetic distribution 76 Spermatozoa viability 77 Genetic control of spermatogenesis 79 Dynamics of spermatogenesis 79 Quantitative analysis of sperm production 80 5 Endocrinology of reproduction 81 Introduction 82 Brain–pituitary–gonad reproductive axis in vertebrates 83 Levels of analysis 85

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Reproductive Biology of Teleost Fishes is the first integrated review of the reproductive biology of the bony fishes, which are the most species-rich and diversified group of vertebrates. Teleosts display remarkable variation in their modes of reproduction, and this volume is intended to provide a f
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