Report of the Final Ring Test of the Daphnia magna Reproduction Test

190 Pages·2002·1.503 MB·English

by  OECD

General Distribution OCDE/GD(97)19
REPORT OF THE FINAL RING TEST OF THE
DAPHNIA MAGNA REPRODUCTION TEST
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Paris
48855
Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine
Complete document available on OLIS in its original format
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OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications
Series on Testing and Assessment
No. 6
Report of the Final Ring Test of the
Daphnia magna Reproduction Test
Environment Directorate
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Paris 1997
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Also published in the Series on Testing and Assessment:
No. 1, Guidance Document for the Development of
OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (1993;
reformatted 1995)
No. 2, Detailed Review Paper on Biodegradability
Testing (1995)
No. 3, Guidance Document for Aquatic Effects
Assessment (1995)
No. 4, Report of the OECD Workshop on
Environmental Hazard/Risk Assessment (1995)
No. 5, Report of the SETAC/OECD Workshop on
Avian Toxicity Testing (1996)
No. 7, Guidance Document on Direct Phototrans-
formation of Chemicals in Water (in preparation)
Comparison of Ecological Hazard/Risk Assessment
Schemes (in preparation)
Guidance Document on Dose Level Selection in
Carcinogenicity Studies (in preparation)
Detailed Review Paper on Aquatic Toxicity Testing
Methods (in preparation)
© OECD 1997
Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be
made to: Head of Publications Service, OECD, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16,
France.
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About the OECD
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Directorates and Divisions.
The work of the OECD related to chemical safety is carried out in the Environmental Health and Safety
Programme. As part of its work on chemical testing, the OECD has issued several Council Decisions and
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More information about the Environmental Health and Safety Programme and its publications is available
on the OECD’s World Wide Web site (see page 6).
The Environmental Health and Safety Programme co-operates closely with other international
organisations. This document was produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for
the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC).
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This publication is available electronically, at no charge.
For the complete text of this and many other Environmental
Health and Safety publications, consult the OECD’s
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or contact:
OECD Environment Directorate,
Environmental Health and Safety Division
2 rue André-Pascal
75775 Paris Cedex 16
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Fax: [phone]
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Organizations), following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment
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activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound
management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment.
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Foreword
This document is the report of the Ring Test of the February 1994 OECD draft
Guideline 202, part II on Daphnia magna Reproduction Test, which was conducted in 1994.
It also includes the report of the OECD Workshop on the Final Ring Test of the
Daphnia magna Reproduction Test, which was held at Sheffield University on 27-28 March
1995 (Appendix E).
The Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Group and the Management Committee of the
Special Programme on the Control of Chemicals recommended that this document be
derestricted. It is being published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.
Authors:
Ian Sims
WRC
Henley Road
Medmenham, Marlow
Bucks SL7 2HD
United Kingdom
Peter Van Dijk
WRC
Henley Road
Medmenham, Marlow
Bucks SL7 2HD
United Kingdom
Jane Gamble
University of Sheffield
Sheffield S10 2TN
United Kingdom
Nicola Grandy
OECD
2, rue André Pascal
75775 Paris Cedex 16
France
Marie-Chantal Huet
OECD
2, rue André Pascal
75775 Paris Cedex 16
France
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Table of Contents
Summary......................................................................................................................13
1. Introduction............................................................................................................15
1.1 Ring test objectives.......................................................................................16
1.2 Background...................................................................................................16
1.2.1 1985 European Union ring test..........................................................16
1.2.2 European collaborative research programme....................................16
1.2.3 Pilot Ring Test...................................................................................18
2. Ring test methods..................................................................................................21
2.1 Test substances............................................................................................21
2.2 Instructions to participants............................................................................21
2.3 Spreadsheet.................................................................................................21
3. Reported test conditions........................................................................................22
3.1 Clone............................................................................................................22
3.2 Medium.........................................................................................................23
3.2.1 Pre-test culture medium....................................................................23
3.2.2 Ring test medium...............................................................................23
3.3 Diet and ration..............................................................................................24
3.4 Strategies for neonate removal.....................................................................25
3.5 Presence of males........................................................................................26
3.6 Test volumes................................................................................................26
3.7 Water quality.................................................................................................27
3.7.1 pH......................................................................................................27
3.7.2 Dissolved oxygen..............................................................................28
3.7.3 Temperature......................................................................................29
3.7.4 Total hardness...................................................................................30
3.8 Validity criteria...............................................................................................30
3.9 Analysis and maintenance of test substance concentrations........................31
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4. Analysis of reproduction data from each parent.....................................................39
4.1 Statistical methods........................................................................................39
4.1.1 Definition of the NOEC......................................................................39
4.1.2 Calculation of the NOEC accommodation.........................................39
4.1.3 Estimation of the 21-day EC , EC and EC .................................39
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4.2 Preliminary analysis using total juveniles from each parent..........................42
4.2.1 3,4-dichloroaniline.............................................................................42
4.2.2 Cadmium...........................................................................................42
4.2.3 Phenol...............................................................................................43
4.3 Analysis to compensate for adult mortality....................................................44
4.3.1 The problem of adult mortality...........................................................44
4.3.2 Alternative response variables..........................................................45
4.3.3 Illustrative example............................................................................46
4.3.4 Ring test results.................................................................................49
4.4 Effects of test medium..................................................................................59
4.5 Effects of clone.............................................................................................61
4.6 Effects of ration.............................................................................................61
4.7 Variability within and between laboratory......................................................61
5. Comparison of NOEC and EC .............................................................................................78
q
5.1 Background...................................................................................................78
5.2 Comparison of NOEC and EC in the ring test..............................................79
q
5.3 Using EC and slope....................................................................................80
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6. Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................84
7. Literature................................................................................................................87
8. Acknowledgements................................................................................................89
Appendix A Ring Test Participants..........................................................................90
Appendix B Draft OECD Test Guideline 202, Part II Daphnia magna
Reproduction Test used for the ring test...............................................96
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