Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010 : to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services PDF
Preview Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010 : to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services
Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. oe Cg sap of the Dietary Prepared for the Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary United States Department of Agriculture Guidelines for Americans, United States Department of 2010 Health and Human Services May 2010 To the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services n oft rade names orc ommercial products int hisr eporti s solely fort hep urpose ofp roviding on and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of trition, Food Safety, aoe he U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Ee » 5601S unnyside Avenue, BeltsvMDi 2l070l5-e51,38 . soft his er SEE ee ee CD, and print on the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA r“n 7 a e income is derivedf rom anyp ublica ssistance program.( Not all ac vi nurmaton aill age in, apo) ha co USDA Contents RACES TA Se grat er ar oats sess sath saaen ehadpesse hears tapdogteorsossomiBocarweantees dew,t edaresackide il Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Membership...............:.0ssecscssssecosossesssesessdrsssenesseresserecsecesenerensasss iv Dee OT CUNIEEY CEST ENLN IULEV sae eee saad sgn saunas abe cbse det Sascessssss sishocsooseossescinnissasaivuteadent >1 Part B: Setting the Stage and Integrating the Evidence................c.ccsccsscsssssscsssscessscssssosscssessssesarscsnesesaceateneaes 6 BreearN E Man ea TOMASO Meets te Meee 0 2 ae cade essa 0B cides es tages ed sedns aceitev entssilonepedsasnonsedetscadinssncasess 6 Section 2: The Total Diet: Combining Nutrients, Consuming Food ..............:cccsseceeeeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceee 11 Section 3: Translating and Integrating the Evidence: A Call to Action ...........cceseesceceseeeeceseneeceseneeeeees 51 ANU IOS eee eggs ee edt oe ece cot casenneatcosscescencnasstpayicaielaugses yvneed @qoascssceaanssnsdeadiressee h a7 NA TNE NRCG SAGO ears reso cds ceca ev sugsancosacg Penis si eeseyonsvaskiestlcsninséevdnedcooahosbedshnteohvssaasnssutetnaesaeeée s 67 Section 1: Energy Balance and Weight Management ..................-s:sssssscorsrssssssssescenseacscssrssnseceecsncenssncess 67 Bree IN LCLT IG N OCU BON Bae 0c 2 ccs cack, vasddan alia atrageec-seene <peantredaoctcapsdoaneasgnssiesdcenenncarranseataceneseeer 125 Bett NRE CLV ICES TICE A IQ NESUCTO M gots ne ch ins dansvsh niS58 00Sestnadans taba seshoVnontacenaemneninestssiuersconendcuppeonesee 210 heC SI ATDER) ZB FOP ETISTT cpawahh oni ARE ele a a ale ne ate Gener enema na Ser Zoo Serco PEN ATADC VINW CU ADEN cis ee sarees G0, Fe eos 8 cong.a is sans «sve dbasdascdaesadetaskeesecetaenaniiss stateeir ennrciasnnetbeoendet e 286 Pee EHO EMILE EO ASSIURT), ATL WWD UCT concn anccasscocaeatecssacacslichsssbeiiajedSssasscenescassneadSasseocseocaiuanardensotaces 326 ee ITN CCM ENCD Ne t I Mate ds calc al pd ca dacs ta 3g tance satacneaegnepssnonce ensdarirecaresceupadvenceiard 354 Bed etait eR DES ALC EVEAEICELT CCINO OGY. oo.c5-8.s acescarnosc<tencocennauetcsa ncnndshsi iiashe eascssnechnanaddsedcdnsaaccnaniacechee=a e 369 De VC a ade san caca sai Miere ee oe nes cane nssaugenscoipstoastnsemansrenicenasmaanashacaiat e4 04 SMT TCSTUGID (ais bs 1F ETET PE LRTI[TVSG FTTa T m me ie OR i RS eV CRIN CIE te 404 FOA MEE es EC HICYS SANS OL VEEN eo gacte eos sfnscdecsesss scas uate svitsScasuasa coy siete adden svasthnucsasiveesatepioscssyyiwoaton s 426 Appendix E-3: USDA Food Pattern Modeling Analyses...............scessessssseessscsecesseesecencesessessaeeaeenees 432 Appendix E-4: History of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans ...............cceceesseseeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeereeeeeeees 433 eS AVR MESTDT EL AC:C OLILERI OCS eet ccig rdecs cS abe cae ee ah on dg a ees bbe cates dmg acongbgnsica dc deueasnts 439 Appendix E-6: Biographical Sketches of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory SPT STHEID FSS LYL OO ETS aT ae in ES PR A ae EE 44] Appendix E-7: Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report Acknowledgmentts................:.:s:000+ 444 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report i SERVICES. s Us, USDA | SM — DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ss ee AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN SERVICES ning May 28, 2010 The Honorable Thomas J. Vilsack Secretary of Agriculture 1400 Independence Avenue, SW Whitten Bldg, Room 200A Washington DC, 20250 The Honorable Kathleen Sebelius Secretary of Health and Human Services 200 Independence Avenue, SW Washington DC, 20201 Dear Secretaries Vilsack and Sebelius, It is my privilege to present to you on behalf of the entire 2010 U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee the full Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. In the initial charge to this panel, we were asked to “provide science-based advice for Americans, in order to promote health and to reduce the risk for major chronic diseases through diet and physical activity.” More specifically, this involved, among other tasks, that we base our Report upon “the preponderance of the most current scientific and medical knowledge, and determine what issues for change need to be addressed,” with a “primary focus on the review of scientific evidence published since the last DGAC deliberations” and place “primary emphasis on the development of food-based recommendations.” We attended to each of these objectives and much more during the past 20 months and we are in consensus and committed to the content and recommendations delineated in the enclosed Report. . It has been a remarkable journey, filled with extensive investigation and critical evidence-based. review, covering relevant aspects of diet and health. Just under 200 specific questions related to dietary guidance were initially identified and most were addressed. With assistance from the USDA Nutrition Evidence Library (NEL), and additional hand searches involving other extensive databases, the Committee formulated answers to the questions that it believes reflect the most current scientific evidence. In addition to the expertise represented by our members, we had the outstanding and able assistance of Dietary Guidelines Management Team staff members from both USDA and HHS, without whom this task would have been impossible. We also appreciate crucial input from the Federal staff from both USDA and HHS who each deserve recognition for their invaluable contributions. The single most sobering aspect of this Report is the recognition that we are addressing an overweight and obese American population. Across all age, gender and ethnic groups, it is clear that urgent and systems-wide efforts are needed to address America’s obesity epidemic as top priority. Everything within this Report is presented through the filter of an obesegenic environment in critical need of change. This is especially true in regard to American children whose incidence of obesity has tripled in il 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report the past five years. This desperately requires an all out effort to improve diet and physical activity behaviors across the country. The Committee is united in its resolve to provide recommendations that halt and reverse this rampant epidemic. This will require extensive collaboration and implementation of a unified effort to help reduce calorie intake, increase physical activity output and enhance the overall nutrient density of dietary intake. While the research evidence is now substantial and detailed in most cases, there remain gaps in the science that required us to use clinical judgment to help reconcile some of these missing pieces in order to provide reasonable recommendations on the basis of combined knowledge and data. In these cases, the assistance of food pattern modeling, contributed specifically by the highly capable team at the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, provided those necessary translational linkages when epidemiologic data were unavailable. In this regard, we encourage you to do everything possible to increase funding for greatly needed research studies on numerous, important and highly strategic nutrition issues raised throughout this Report. Specifically, in ultimately drafting our conclusion statements, the DGAC was struck by the number of questions that simply could not be addressed due to the absence of data or limitations due to inconclusive findings. Likewise, we urge you to further emphasize the importance of keeping current with the ongoing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The 2015 DGAC should be provided with the opportunity to study the impact of the 2010 Report by having access to the most current, accurate and detailed NHANES nutrient data available at that time. Steps should be taken to update these data as quickly as possible in order to maintain an accurate and ongoing view of America’s dietary intake. In addition, the time has come to consider including all Americans, from birth on, as part of these results since research increasingly points to the importance of diet, even in utero, in shaping future health. Subsequent reports should include a focus on pregnancy, breastfeeding behavior and early diet from birth on. In summary, every member of this Committee has worked diligently, collaboratively and tirelessly to produce this landmark Report. When differences of interpretation were debated from time to time, the mutual respect and admiration expressed for each and every member of this group has been nothing short of inspirational. The Committee looks forward to seeing the final Report become available online, as well as the subsequent documents, discussion and translational tools that will surely be generated. Thank you for your steadfast support, enthusiasm and recognition. We remain encouraged and hopeful that the American public will take these recommendations to heart and benefit extensively from their implementation. Sincerely, Linda V. Van Horn, PhD, RD Chair, 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report ill 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Membership Chair Vice Chair Linda V. Van Horn, PhD, RD, LD Naomi K. Fukagawa, MD, PhD Northwestern University University of Vermont Chicago, Illinois Burlington, Vermont Members Cheryl Achterberg, PhD Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, PhD The Ohio State University Yale University Columbus, Ohio New Haven, Connecticut Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, MD, MPH Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Columbia University Baltimore, Maryland New York, New York Roger A. Clemens, DrPH Eric B. Rimm, ScD University of Southern California Harvard University Los Angeles, California Boston, Massachusetts Miriam E. Nelson, PhD Joanne L. Slavin, PhD, RD Tufts University University of Minnesota Boston, Massachusetts St. Paul, Minnesota Sharon (Shelly) M. Nickols-Richardson, PhD, RD Christine L. Williams, MD, MPH The Pennsylvania State University Columbia University (Retired) University Park, Pennsylvania Healthy Directions, Inc. New York, New York Thomas A. Pearson, MD, PhD, MPH University of Rochester Rochester, New York Executive Secretaries Carole A. Davis, MS Kathryn Y. McMurry, MS U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Washington, DC Washington, DC Shanthy A. Bowman, PhD Holly H. McPeak, MS U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Washington, DC Washington, DC 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report Policy Officials Rajen S. Anand, DVM, PhD Penelope Slade-Sawyer, PT, MSW, RADM, Executive Director USPHS Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health U.S. Department of Agriculture (Disease Prevention and Health Promotion) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Robert C. Post, PhD, MEd, MSc Deputy Director Sarah R. Linde-Feucht, MD, CAPT, USPHS Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion Deputy Director (through 3/10) U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Wendy E. Braund, MD, MPH, MSEd Acting Deputy Director and Lead, Prevention Science Team Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Dietary Guidelines Management Team Staff Jan Barrett Adams, MS, MBA, RD Patricia M. Guenther, PhD, RD U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Agriculture Shirley A. Blakely, PhD, RD, CAPT, USPHS Rachel R. Hayes, MPH, RD U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Patricia Britten, MS, PhD Holly H. McPeak, MS U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Eve V. Essery, PhD Kellie M. O’Connell, PhD, RD U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Agriculture (until 8/09) U.S. Department of Agriculture (beginning 8/09) Colette I. Rihane, MS, RD U.S. Department of Agriculture 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report Vv Dietary Guidelines Nutrition Evidence Library Staff Joanne M. Spahn, MS, RD, FADA Donna Blum-Kemelor, MS, RD, LD U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Agriculture Joan M. G. Lyon, MS, RD Eve V. Essery, PhD U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Agriculture Jean M. Altman, MS Thomas V. Fungwe, PhD U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Agriculture Patricia Carrera MacNeil, MS, LN, CNS Julie E. Obbagy, PhD, RD U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Agriculture Mary M. McGrane, PhD U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Librarian Yat Ping Wong, MLS, MPH U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Writer/Editor Anne Brown Rodgers Falls Church, Virginia vi . 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report
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