Report of the APEC/NACA Cooperative Grouper Aquaculture

158 Pages·2002·1.24 MB·English

FWG 01/99 – Collaborative APEC Grouper Research
and Development Network
1
Report of the APEC/NACA
Cooperative Grouper
Aquaculture Workshop
7-9 April 1999
Hat Yai, Thailand
Organised by the
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
in cooperation with the
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA)

Collaborative APEC
Grouper Research and Development
Network (FWG 01/99)
Report of the APEC/NACA Cooperative Grouper Aquaculture
Workshop
Hat Yai, Thailand.
7-9 April 1999
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Report prepared by:
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA)
Suraswadi Building
Department of Fisheries
Kasetsart University Campus
Ladyao, Jatujak
Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Tel: [phone] (to 29)
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http:///www.enaca.org/
For:
Copyright © 2002 APEC Secretariat
APEC Secretariat
438 Alexandra Road
#14-01/04 Alexandra Point
Singapore 119958
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.apecsec.org.sg
Reference:
APEC/NACA. 2002. Report of the APEC/NACA Cooperative Grouper Aquaculture Workshop,
Hat Yai, Thailand, 7-9 April 1999. Collaborative APEC Grouper Research and Development Network
(FWG 01/99). Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. pp 140.
APEC Publication Number: APEC#202-FS-04.1
ISBN 981-04-6516-5
Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................................1
Work Program...............................................................................................................3
Workshop Outcomes....................................................................................................4
Annex I: Workshop Program .......................................................................................12
Annex II: List of Workshop Participants.......................................................................15
Annex III: Opening Speech..........................................................................................21
Annex IV: Working Group Participants........................................................................23
Annex V: Grouper Papers ...........................................................................................25
5.1 Status of Grouper Culture in Thailand...........................................................27
5.2 Hatchery Technology of Grouper in Thailand.................................................37
5.3 Marketing and Exporting of Groupers in Thailand .........................................45
5.4 Grouper Culture Development in Brunei Darussalam ....................................53
5.5 The Status and Development of Grouper Culture in Guangdong....................57
5.6 Development of a Regional Cooperative Network for Grouper Aquaculture
Research .....................................................................................................63
5.7 Grouper Aquaculture in the Philippines ........................................................75
5.8 Status and Development of Grouper Aquaculture in Pacific Island
Countries .....................................................................................................77
5.9 Cultured Grouper Diseases in Thailand ........................................................81
5.10 Fish Disease, Quarantine and Certification in Thailand.................................87
5.11 Natural Spawning and Larval Rearing of Barramundi Cod Grouper,
Cromileptes altivelis in Tanks.......................................................................91
5.12 Grouper Aquaculture in Korea....................................................................101
5.13 Recent Developments in Grouper Aquaculture in Hong Kong, China...........103
5.14 Overview of Grouper Production Technology in the Asia-Pacific Region ......107
5.15 Grouper Culture as a Tool in Marine Park Management – A Project of
The Nature Conservancy, Indonesia Coastal and Marine Program .............. 113
5.16 Nutritional Requirements of Grouper (Epinephelus spp.)............................. 119
5.17 Grouper Aquaculture in Chinese Taipei....................................................... 127
5.18 Surface-death Occurrence in the Larval Stage of Epinephelus akaara........131
5.19 Trends in Major Asian Markets for Live Grouper .........................................133
5.20 Grouper Research at the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development
Center Aquaculture Department .................................................................143
Workshop on grouper research and development
Workshop Proceedings
Introduction
This workshop represented the first of two to be hosted by APEC and NACA under
the project ‘Collaborative APEC-NACA Grouper Aquaculture Network’ (APEC
Project FWG 01/99). The workshop was held in order to further the development of a
sustainable grouper aquaculture industry in the Asia-Pacific region through the estab-
lishment of a collaborative network of researchers.
The Workshop was attended by representatives from 12 APEC economies including
Australia; Brunei-Darussalam; China; Chinese Taipei; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia;
Japan; Korea; Malaysia; Peru; Philippines and Thailand. The meeting was attended by
representatives from NACA, the Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC),
INFOFISH, New Caledonia and a non-governmental organisation, The Nature Con-
servancy (TNC). The objectives of the workshop were to establish a regional research
network to:
· Facilitate development of a sustainable grouper aquaculture industry
· Reduce the reliance on wild fingerlings for coastal grouper aquaculture
· Contribute to the protection of endangered reefs and reef fish from illegal fishing
· Facilitate development of new aquaculture industries with significant export po-
tential
· Provide an alternative source of income and employment to people currently
engaged in destructive and illegal fishing practices.
The meeting was very successful with a number of recommendations made in support
of APEC Fisheries Working Group (FWG) and NACA objectives for grouper aquac-
ulture. Specifically, the Workshop recommended expansion of the cooperative devel-
opment model applied during this workshop to other tropical marine fish projects,
which it was felt, could form the basis for future cooperation between regional agen-
cies.
Delegates from India, the Solomon Islands, and Vietnam were unable to attend this
workshop but are interested in the proceedings and indicated their willingness to par-
ticipate in network activities and project development.
Workshop on grouper research and development 1
Opening Ceremony
The opening speech was given by Mr Hassanai Kongkeo, NACA Coordinator. He
outlined the objectives and expected outcomes from the workshop. Speakers from the
Department of Fisheries, Thailand expressed their support for their cooperative activity
and wished the workshop success. The detailed technical program of the workshop is
in Annex I and the list of Workshop participants is given in Annex II. The speeches
made during the opening ceremony are given in Annex III. Working Group partici-
pants are listed in Annex IV.
Presentation of Reports
The participants presented an overview of grouper aquaculture in their respective econo-
mies. The papers are in Annex V. The following summarizes the general topics:
· Status of Grouper Culture in Thailand, Renu Yashiro, Vichai Vatanakul and Poonsin
Panichsuke
· Hatchery Technology of Grouper in Thailand, Paiboon Bunliptanon and Janejit
Kongkumnerd
· Marketing and Exporting of Grouper in Thailand, Pongpat Boochuwong and
Amporn Lawapong
· Grouper Culture Development in Brunei Darussalam, Beato Pudadera (Jr.), Hajah
Laila Haji Abd Hamid and Hajah Rosinah Haji Mohd Yusof
· The Status and Development of Grouper Culture in Guangdong, Liufu Yongzhong
· Development of a Regional Cooperative Network for Grouper Aquaculture
Research, M.A. Rimmer, K.C. Williams, M.J. Phillips and H. Kongkeo
· Grouper Aquaculture in the Philippines, Westly R. Rosario
· Status and Development of Grouper Aquaculture in Pacific Island Countires,
Pierre Labrosse
· Cultured Grouper Diseases in Thailand, Yaowanit Danayadol
· Fish Disease, Quarantine and Certification in Thailand, Somkiat Khanchanakhan
· Natural Spawning and Larval Rearing of Barramundi Cod Grouper, Cromileptes
altivelis in Tanks, Ketut Sugama, Trijoko, Wardoyo, John H. Hutapea and
Shigeru Kumagai
· Grouper Aquaculture in Korea, Lee Young-Don
· Recent Developments in Grouper Aquaculture in Hong Kong, Jim Chu
· Overview of Grouper Production Technology in the Asia-Pacific Region, Michael
A. Rimmer
· Grouper Culture as a Tool in Marine Park Management: A Project of The Na-
ture Conservancy, Indonesia Coastal and Marine Program, Peter J. Mous, Jos
S. Pet and Rili Djohani
· Nutritional Requirements of Grouper Epinephelus spp., Mali Boonyaratpalin
· Grouper Aquaculture in Chinese Taipei, Huei Meei Su
2 Workshop on grouper research and development
· Surface-death Occurrence in the Larval Stage of Epinephelus akaara, Kosaku
Yamaoka
· Trends in Major Asian Markets For Live Grouper, Sudari Pawiro
· Grouper Research at the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
· Aquaculture Department, Clarissa L. Marte
Work Program
Following the technical presentations, participants formed three Working Groups
(Annex IV), each to consider a specific area relevant to the growth of a sustainable
grouper aquaculture industry. The general objectives for each working group were to:
1. Evaluate the the topic being considered
2. Identify responsibilities in the grouper network and make recommendations
3. Identify additional research, development, or information requirements, and
4. Develop specific collaborative proposals to address the relevant issues
Working Group Topics
Working Group 1, ‘Production Technology: Research, Extension and Industry Devel-
opment’. Specific objectives for this group were to:
a) Develop a strategy for increasing collaboration between countries and institu-
tions involved in grouper aquaculture research and development, and
b) Develop an action plan to extend research and development outcomes to indus-
try
It was recognised that Working Group One had the advantage of feedback from a
previous ACIAR and NACA workshop. The need to evaluate the current status in
relation to these issues was therefore not necessary. This working group therefore fo-
cused on collaboration and development of an action plan on grouper production tech-
nology.
Working Group 2, ‘Food Safety: Chemical Residues, Handling, Storage and Trans-
portation; and Trade Issues: Certification, Labelling, Testing and Marketing’. Specific
objectives for this group were to:
a) Evaluate the current situation regarding food safety and marketing
b) Develop strategies to overcome identified problems, such as safe use of chemi-
cals, including training and extension, and
c) Develop methodologies to address issues associated with trade compliance,
labelling and testing
Workshop on grouper research and development 3
Working Group 3, ‘Social and Environmental Issues: Technology Transfer, Coastal
Livelihoods, and Poverty Alleviation for Coastal Communities’. Specific objectives for
this group were to:
a) Evaluate the role of grouper aquaculture in coastal peoples livelihoods
b) Evaluate the role for small-scale and medium-scale business in grouper
aquaculture
c) Identify environmental issues to be addressed in development of grouper aquac-
ulture
d) Develop methodologies for extending outcomes of grouper network activities to
small-scale and medium-scale businesses in the Asia-Pacific region, and
e) Develop an action plan for implementation
Workshop Outcomes
It was determined that a 5-year development program to support sustainable grouper
aquaculture would be an effective means of integrating research, development, exten-
sion activities, and to promote cooperation between regional countries. This develop-
ment program should contain the prioritised activities outlined below.
It was suggested that a cooperative development model be applied to other economi-
cally important marine fish species and a strategic assessment of opportunities for fur-
ther development of marine fish farming in the Asia-Pacific region be undertaken. The
focus of this assessement should be on opportunities for small and medium-scale live-
lihood and business development. This assessment should be based on a comprehen-
sive market analysis.
Summary of Findings
There were overlapping issues and all three groups proposed, in one form or another,
the need to develop and promote good management practices in grouper aquaculture.
The groups indicated an immediate need to provide basic information to farmers and
wild collectors of grouper, on disease management, farm management, transport, han-
dling and use of chemicals in farming. In the medium to long term, guidelines will be
required which may form the basis for development of a Code of Practice or other
management guidelines for grouper aquaculture, and, more generally, for marine finfish
culture in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Workshop agreed that while certification and labelling may prevent trade in wild
grouper species caught using cyanide, the best way to prevent trade in these species
was to promote trade in cultured product. This could be achieved through education
4 Workshop on grouper research and development