REPORT IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL FRESH\vATER AQUACULTURE IN KALIMANTAN

236 Pages·2010·8.82 MB·English

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REPORT
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL
FRESH\vATER AQUACULTURE
IN KALIMANTAN
PREPARED BY
SAMRUAY MEENAKARN
USAID-FISH BREEDING ADVISOR
AND
DR. JOSEPHINE WIRYANTI
DGF -COUNTERPART
SMALL SCALE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
DECEMBER, 1985
CONTENT
Page
................ ............................ .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
~
......................... .................. .
1. INTRODUCTION 1
"
2. DETAIL OF VISITS 3
2.1. South Kalimantan 3
....................................
2.2. East Kalimantan 11
2.3. Central Kalimantan 18
2.4. West Kalimantan 29
3. SUMMARY AND RECOM..t1ENDATION 34
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OUr appreciation goes to :
1. Mr. Fahrul Rozi Sadjeli, Chief of
Provincial Fisheries Service, South Kalimantan.
2. Mr. I.A. Mursid, Chief of
Provincial Fisheries Service, East Kalimantan.
3. Mr. Hendrik Sihombing, Chief of
Provincial Fisheries Service, Central Kalimantan.
4. Mr. Sutikno, Chief of
Provincial Fisheries Service, West Kalimantan.
5. Mr. HermanPrayitno, official of
Natural Resources Conservation Service, west Kalimantan.
s. Messrs Lim Kbim Coa and The Hen Rie,
personnel of P.T. Pantai Pacific Indah, West Kalimantan.
and their staff of the respective provinces for the infonnation, and
assisstance given during our visit.
PICTURES
Page
. ..................... .
1. a & b. Species of commercial value 4
I
2 A matured spawner of Notopterus chitala •••••••••••• 5
3 Stripping off a spawner of Notopterus chitala ••••••• 6
.........................
4 Egg of Notopterus chitala 6
5 Riam Kanan Reservoir 9
. .................... .
6. a & b. Fish catch of lake Riarn Kanan 10
...............................
7 Production of swamp 12
8. a & b. Species of commercial value i.e.
LeptObarbus hoevenii, and Osphronemus striatus 13
9 Oxyeleotris marrnorata, and Leptobarbus hoevenii 14
10 Cage culture in Tenggarong 17
lJ. By-catch product for carnivorous feeding 17
12 Leptobarbus hoevenii 19
13 Fish sold in market 20
14 Pond culture in transmigration area 22
15 Cage culture 22
16 Pond cons~ructed. in Dem Plot .o f Sei Tatas 24
..... ............................... .
IV Inlet of pond 25
'
18 Integrated farm 26
•••••••••••••••••••••••••• II ••••••••
19. a & b. Ponds in transmigration area 28
20. a & b. Scleropages formosus 32
21 Egg of Scleropages forrnosus 33
TABLE
Page
1. Open \'later productivity of species in each district
of central Kelimantan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2. production value of open water species in each district
of Central Kalimantan ..............•............ 39
II • • • • • • • • • • • • •
3. QUarterly production value of open water species
.........................................
in Central Kalimantan 40
4. Production of riverine species in each district
of Central KaliInantan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5. Quarterly production of riverine species
in Central Kalimantan 42
6. Quarterly pn.duction of open water species
in West Kalimantan, 1984 • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 43
7. Production of open water species in each district
of West Kalimantan, 1984 • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• • 44
8. Production value of open water species in each district
of West Kalimantan, 1984 • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • •• •• • • • • 45
9. Production of fingerling of different species in each district
of West Kalimantan, 1984 • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46
10. Production of fish culture in each district
of West Kalimantan, 1984 •• •• • •• •• •• •• • • • • •• ••• ••• •••• •••• •• 47
11. Quarterly production of fish culture in each district
of west Kalimantan, 1984 . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . 48
12. Production value of fish culture in each district
of West Kalimantan, 1984 • •••• • ••• •• •• •• •• •• . ••• •• •• .•• • ••• • 49
13. Quarterly produc'~.ion value of fish culture in each district
of West Kalimantan, 1984 • • .• • • • • • • •• • •• ••• • .• .• ••• ••.• •. ••• 51
14. Production of fingerling for different purpose •••••••••••••••• 52
15. Production of fingerling of different species in each district
of West Kalimantan, 1984 .• • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • 53
16. Production value of fingerling of different species in
each district of West Kalimantan, 1984 •••••.•••••••••••••••••• 54
ANNEX
1. Schedule of visit.
2. Lay-out of Kuala Kapuas Hatchery.
3. Design of indoor and outdoor Hatchery of Kuala Kapuas.
4. Estimated operational costs for Kuala Kapuas Hatchery.
5. Lay-out of Dem plot at Sei Tatas Unit.
6. Design of nursery ponds at Sei Tatas Unit.
1. INTRODUCTION.
Based on quiries made by the Provincial Fisheries Services of Kalimantan,
regarding the possibility of provinces other than Jambi and Palembang,
where a pilot project on development of open water management is being
implemented, to take advantage in dissemination of technology transfer,
the DGF had requested from the USAID to concur in Mr.Samruay Meenakarn's
visit to the four provinces of Kalimantan.
Kalimantan,a vast region consists of provinces, South, East, Central
f~ur
and West, is considered to be the most potential in terms of freshwater
fisheries. The open water comprises river, lake, swamp and other types
of open water i.e. dam, tidal area, etc.
There are more than 300 species and a quite number of those of economical
importance exist in the open water. Traditionally, the production of
freshwater is obtained by catching.
Those species like: Leptobarbus hoevenii (Jelawat), Anabas sp (Betok),
Ophiocephalus striatus (Gabus), Cyprinus carpio (common crap), Helostoma
temmincki (Tambakan), Trichogaster pectoralis (Sepat siam), Noto.o terus
chitala (Belida),Macrones nemurus (Baung) etc are economically important.
Production is very high during only a short period (4 months during May
to August) of dry season when the water level is low, whereas during the
rainy season when the water is up, the fish are difficult to capture.
CUrrent report has indicated that in some areas the freshwater catch has
decreased every year, it can be anticipated that in those areas
hepc~
the production will be significantly scarce in 5 to 10 years time.
Although pond and cage culture has been practiced in some regions,
especially in those of transmigration settlements, yet the production can
not be expected to be satisfactory.
~\ \
2
The main aspects that hinder the development of aquaculture in most
provinces are due to 1). lack of seed available, particularly that of
suitable species which are of commercially important like : Leptobarbus
hoevenii, Cyprinus carpio, Tilapia nilotica and Osphronemus gouramy etc,
2). lack of knowledge in feeding practices and fish culture technique.
Other constraints also contribute the hindering factors are :
traditional fishing method that is still commonly practiced by using
toxic substance (tuba) and fish traps that will disturb migration of
fish.
natives are not very much interested in culture; they would rather
catch instead.
Purpose of visit :
The visit of consultant was requested justification that
wi~h
a. In conjunction with the extended Small Sc~le Fisheries Development
Project, the DGF would take advantage of further transfering the
consultant's expertise to other part of country other than Jambi and
Palembang, in the development of open water management.
b. As part of continuing effort to develop aquaculture of selected
species of commercial importance i.e. Leptobarbus hoeven).i, Cyprinus
carpio, Oxyeleotris mamorata, Notopterus chitala, the consultant was
requented to provide technical inputs by means of supervision anJ
guidance in the development of open water management and aquaculture
technique applicable to the areas.
3
The objective of the trip was therefore aimed to oDserve and identify
potential sites and species feasible for development programme, and
to technical solution of overcoming the problems which abound in
prov~de
respective regions.
Additionally, it is of interest to study life habit of fish which is of
high commercial value, Scleropages formasus, in terms of habitation,
breeding habit, and possibility of applying breeding technique of such
a species. The trip was scheduled as Annex 1.
Recommendation being made for each province, to overcome problems in
their management of aquaculture. Due to limited period we were not able
~
to visit other remote sites, nevertheless we hope that this report will
provide information of the situation of freshwater fisheries in each
province of Kalimantan and will :.throw a light in the effort "of solving
problems in the development of open water management.
2. DETAIL OF VISITS.
2.1. South Kalimantan.
In South Kalimantan the open water covers about 1000 HA comprises mostly
swamp, rivers, lakes, dams and tidal areas. There are about 2,000,000
fishermen and fishfarmers engaged in freshwater fisheries.
Different variety of species are produced from different habitat i.e.
in the swampy areas species like: Trichogaster pectoralis, Helostoma
ternrnincki, Ophiocephalus striatus and Anabas sp are extensively found,
while other species of Cyprinus carpio, Pangasius pangasius, Leptobarbus
hoevenii, Notopterus chitala and Oxyeleotris mamorata are predominantly
caught from the river and lake.
4
.... ., ...... "',tic". .... "'::. cu.'" v. ':!VV\.l IlICl.~I\.t:i~, except:· uxyeJ.eotr~s EJarmorata which is
supposed to be ~portant for export market in Jakarta (Rp.5,OOO/kg) and
Singapore (US$ 9/kg).
Pictures l.a & b. Species of commercial value.