Learn more about these techniques with videos online at MediaCenter.Thieme.com! Simply visit MediaCenter.Thieme.com and, when prompted during the registration process, enter the code below to get started today. HCX7-82MF-P4G3-6NR6 Connect with us on social media https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book 00 FM Grotting_r5_pp i-xxiv 10/24/06 4:30 PM Page i & A ESTHETIC R ECONSTRUCTIVE P S LASTIC URGERY https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book 00 FM Grotting_r5_pp i-xxiv 10/24/06 4:30 PM Page ii https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book 00 FM Grotting_r5_pp i-xxiv 10/24/06 4:30 PM Page iii SECOND EDITION & A ESTHETIC R ECONSTRUCTIVE P S LASTIC URGERY E D I TO R J C. G , AMES ROTTING MD Clinical Professor,Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Private Practice,Grotting Plastic Surgery, Birmingham,Alabama ILLUSTRATED BY Jennifer N.Gentry,MA,CMI 2007 https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book Director, Editorial Services: Mary Jo Casey Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing International Production Director: Andreas Schabert continual development. Research and clinical experience are con- International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson tinually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions Director of Sales, North America: Mike Roseman any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the au- Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer: Sarah Vanderbilt thors, editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure that President: Brian D. Scanlan such references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the time of production of the book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any is available from the publisher upon request. guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publishers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufac- turers’ leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in consultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is enti- rely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any di- screpancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprie- tary names even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without de- signation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. © 2007 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany +49 [0]711 8931 421, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio de Janeiro, Thieme Publicações Ltda. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by co- Edifício Rodolpho de Paoli, 25º andar pyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the Av. Nilo Peçanha, 50 – Sala 2508 narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s Rio de Janeiro 20020-906, Brasil consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in par- +55 21 3172 2297 ticular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, eISBN 978-1-62623-990-6 and electronic data processing and storage. https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book 00 FM Grotting_r5_pp i-xxiv 10/24/06 4:30 PM Page v Contributors Ali Al-Attar,MD,PhD Elisabeth K.Beahm,MD Resident,Department of Plastic Surgery,Georgetown Associate Professor,Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital,Washington,DC The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,Texas Al S.Aly,MD Private Practice,Iowa City Plastic Surgery,Coralville, John Bostwick III,MD† Iowa Former Professor and Chairman,Division of Plastic, Reconstructive,and Maxillofacial Surgery,Emory Adel Hussein Amr,MB,BCh,MSc University School of Medicine,Atlanta,Georgia Assistant Lecturer in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dean E.Burget,Jr.,MD Ain Shams University,Cairo,Egypt Staff Surgeon/Private Practice,Department of Plastic Surgery,Jennersville Regional Hospital,West Grove, Carl C.Askren,MD Pennsylvania Assistant Clinical Professor,Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Section,University of California– Gary C.Burget,MD San Francisco/Fresno,Fresno,California Associate Clinical Professor,Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,University of Chicago,Chicago, Alexander W.Baker,BA Illinois Research Assistant,Department of Psychiatry,Center for Weight and Eating Disorders,University of Pennsyl- Joseph F.Capella,MD vania School of Medicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania Department of Plastic Surgery,Hackensack University Medical Center,Hackensack;Private Practice,Capella Tracy M.Baker,MD Plastic Surgery,Ramsey,New Jersey Instructor in Surgery,Department of Surgery,Division of Plastic Surgery,University of Miami;Attending Grant W.Carlson,MD Surgeon,Baker Plastic Surgery,Miami,Florida Wadley R.Glenn Professor of Surgery,Department of Surgery,Emory University,Atlanta,Georgia Ricardo Baroudi,MD São Paulo,Brazil James H.Carraway,MD Professor and Chairman,Division of Plastic Surgery, Bruce S.Bauer,MD,FAAP Eastern Virginia Medical School,Norfolk,Virginia Chief,Division of Plastic Surgery,Children’s Memorial Hospital;Professor of Surgery,Division of Plastic Kristoffer Ning Chang,MD Surgery,Feinberg School of Medicine,Northwestern Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery,Department University,Chicago,Illinois of Surgery,University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco,California †Deceased. v https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book 00 FM Grotting_r5_pp i-xxiv 10/24/06 4:30 PM Page vi vi Contributors Simon H.Chin,MD Loren H.Engrav,MD Former Chief Resident,Section of Plastic Surgery,Yale Professor,Department of Surgery/Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine,New Haven,Connecticut;Hand University of Washington,Seattle,Washington Fellow,Department of Orthopaedics,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington R.Jobe Fix,MD Professor,Department of Surgery,Division of Plastic Mark A.Codner,MD Surgery,University of Alabama at Birmingham, Clinical Assistant Professor,Department of Plastic and Birmingham,Alabama Reconstructive Surgery,Emory University;Paces Plastic Surgery,Atlanta,Georgia Leonard T.Furlow,Jr.,MD Clinical Professor,Department of Plastic Surgery, Alvin B.Cohn,MD University of Florida College of Medicine,Gainesville, Aesthetic and Breast Fellow,Grotting Plastic Surgery, Florida Birmingham,Alabama G.Mabel Gamboa-Bobadilla,MD Sydney R.Coleman,MD Associate Professor,Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Surgery,Medical College of Georgia,Augusta,Georgia New York University School of Medicine,New York, New York Paul M.Gardner,MD Associate,South Florida Plastic Surgery,Naples,Florida Grady B.Core,MD President,Core and Associates,Birmingham,Alabama Jacob Gerzenshtein,MD Staff Plastic Surgeon,Department of Surgery,Division of Paulo da Paula,MD Plastic Surgery,Mercy Hospital,Janesville,Wisconsin Former Visiting Fellow,Division of Plastic and Recon- structive Surgery,The Milton S.Hershey Medical Center, Robert M.Goldwyn,MD Pennsylvania State University,Hershey,Pennsylvania Clinical Professor of Surgery,Harvard Medical School, Boston,Massachusetts Jorge I.de la Torre,MD Associate Professor and Residency Director,Division of James C.Grotting,MD Plastic Surgery,University of Alabama at Birmingham, Clinical Professor,Division of Plastic Surgery,University Birmingham,Alabama of Alabama at Birmingham;Private Practice,Grotting Plastic Surgery,Birmingham,Alabama A.Lee Dellon,MD Director,Dellon Institutes for Peripheral Nerve Surgery, M.Keith Hanna,MD Baltimore,Maryland Paces Plastic Surgery,Atlanta,Georgia Stamatia V.Destounis,MD Jeffrey M.Hartog,MD,DMD Clinical Associate Professor,Department of Radiology, Medical Director,Bougainvillea Clinique,Winter Park, University of Rochester;Radiologist,Elizabeth Wende Florida Breast Clinic,Rochester,New York Paul S.Howard,MD William R.Dougherty,MD Associate Clinical Professor of Plastic Surgery,Depart- Associate Professor of Surgery,Department of Plastic ment of Surgery,University of Alabama at Birmingham, Surgery,Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Vanderbilt Birmingham,Alabama School of Medicine,Nashville,Tennessee Kenneth B.Hughes,MD Ivica Ducic,MD,PhD Section of Plastic Surgery,University of Kansas Medical Associate Professor,Department of Plastic Surgery, Center,Kansas City,Kansas Georgetown University Hospital,Washington,DC https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book 00 FM Grotting_r5_pp i-xxiv 10/24/06 4:30 PM Page vii Contributors vii Alison L.Infield,BA Victoria R.Masear,MD Research Assistant,Department of Psychiatry,Center for Clinical Assistant Professor,Department of Orthopaedic Weight and Eating Disorders,University of Pennsylvania Surgery,University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania Birmingham,Alabama Ian T.Jackson,MD,MD(G)(Hon),DSc(Hon),FRCS, Clinton D.McCord,Jr.,MD FRCS(G)(Hon),FRACS(Hon) Associate Clinical Professor,Department of Plastic Director,Institute for Craniofacial and Reconstructive Surgery,Emory University,Atlanta,Georgia Surgery;Division of Plastic Surgery,Providence Hospital, Southfield,Michigan Wyndell H.Merritt,MD Clinical Professor,Department of Surgery,Medical Glyn E.Jones,MD,FRCS(Ed),FCS(SA) College of Virginia,Virginia Commonwealth University, Associate Professor,Department of Plastic Surgery, Richmond,Virginia Emory Clinic,Atlanta,Georgia James R.Miller,MD Matthew B.Klein,MD Assistant Clinical Professor,Department of Plastic Assistant Professor,Burn Center and Division of Plastic Surgery,Albany Medical College;Chief,Division of Surgery,University of Washington,Seattle,Washington Plastic Surgery,Albany Memorial Hospital,Albany, New York Gary S.Kopf,MD Professor of Surgery,Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Joseph M.Mlakar,MD Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven, Director,Burn Center,and Chief of Surgery,St.Joseph’s Connecticut Hospital,Fort Wayne,Indiana W.Thomas Lawrence,MPH,MD Foad Nahai,MD Professor and Chief,Section of Plastic Surgery,University Plastic Surgeon,Paces Plastic Surgery,Atlanta,Georgia of Kansas Medical Center,Kansas City,Kansas Tanya M.Oswald,MD Bradley K.Lewis,MD Microsurgery Fellow,Department of Surgery,University Medical Director,Emergency Department/Urgent Care of Mississippi Medical Center,Jackson,Mississippi Medicine,After Hours Medical,Salt Lake City,Utah Omer Refik Ozerdem,MD William C.Lineaweaver,MD Cosmetic Surgery and Breast Reconstruction Fellow, Professor,Department of Surgery,University of Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mississippi Medical Center,Jackson,Mississippi University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham, Alabama;Associate Professor,Department of Plastic, Ernest K.Manders,MD Reconstructive,and Aesthetic Surgery,Baskent Professor of Surgery,Division of Plastic and University,Ankara,Turkey Reconstructive Surgery,University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania Silvio Podda,MD Craniofacial Fellow,Department of Plastic and Paul N.Manson,MD Reconstructive Surgery,Miami Children’s Hospital, Professor,Department of Surgery,Johns Hopkins Miami,Florida Hospital;Professor,Department of Surgery,University of Maryland Shock Trauma Unit,Baltimore,Maryland Julian J.Pribaz,MD Program Director,Harvard Plastic Surgery;Professor of Surgery,Division of Plastic Surgery,Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Boston,Massachusetts https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book 00 FM Grotting_r5_pp i-xxiv 10/24/06 4:30 PM Page viii viii Contributors Brunno Ristow,MD Stephanie A.Stover,MD Private Practice,California Pacific Medical Center; Associate,Nashville Plastic Surgery,Nashville,Tennessee Chief Emeritus of Plastic Surgery,Presbyterian Medical Center,San Francisco,California James M.Stuzin,MD Assistant Professor of Surgery (Plastic),Voluntary,Univer- Rod J.Rohrich,MD sity of Miami School of Medicine,Miami,Florida Professor and Chairman,Crystal Charity Ball Distin- guished Chair in Plastic Surgery,Betty and Warren Helena O.B.Taylor,MD,PhD Woodward Chair in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Resident,Harvard Plastic Surgery,Boston,Massachusetts Department of Plastic Surgery,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center,Dallas,Texas Sumeet S.Teotia,MD Private Practice,Charlotte Plastic Surgery,Charlotte; Eva Rubin,MD Clinical Assistant Professor,Division of Plastic and Clinical Director,Breast Imaging,Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Surgery of the Hand, Radiology,Montgomery Radiology Associates, University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill,North Montgomery,Alabama Carolina David B.Sarwer,PhD Luis O.Vásconez,MD Associate Professor of Psychology,Departments of Professor and Chief,Division of Plastic Surgery, Psychiatry and Surgery,Center for Human Appearance, University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham, Center for Weight and Eating Disorders,University Alabama of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Fausto Viterbo,MD,PhD Professor and Chief,Department of Plastic and Recon- R.Bruce Shack,MD structive Surgery,São Paulo State University/UNESP, Professor and Chairman,Department of Plastic Surgery, Botucatu,São Paulo,Brazil Vanderbilt University Medical Center,Nashville, Tennessee Robert L.Walton,MD Clinical Professor,Department of Surgery,Section of Jack H.Sheen,MD Plastic Surgery,University of Chicago,Chicago,Illinois Santa Barbara,California Anne G.Warren,BA Randy Sherman,MD Doris Duke Clinical Research Fellow,Department of The Audrey Skirball Kenis Professor and Chair,Depart- Surgery (Plastic),Harvard Medical School,Boston, ment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,University of Massachusetts Southern California,Los Angeles,California S.Anthony Wolfe,MD Sumner A.Slavin,MD Chief,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery,Department Miami Children’s Hospital,Miami,Florida of Surgery (Plastic),Harvard Medical School;Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery,Beth Israel Deaconess G.Jackie Yee,MD Medical Center,Boston,Massachusetts Attending Plastic Surgeon,Baker Plastic Surgery,Miami, Florida Richard S.Stahl,MD,MBA Vice President,Ambulatory Services Division,Yale– New Haven Hospital;Clinical Professor,Department of Surgery,Yale University,New Haven,Connecticut https://t.me/Free_Plastic_Reconstruction_Book