Renewables Information 2019

502 Pages·4.173 MB·English

R e n e w a b l e s
i n f o r m a t i o n
2019
R e n e w a b l e s
i n f o r m a t i o n
2019
with 2018 data
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY
AGENCY
The IEA examines IEA member IEA association
the full spectrum countries: countries:
of energy issues
including oil, gas Australia Brazil
and coal supply and Austria China
demand, renewable Belgium India
energy technologies, Canada Indonesia
electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco
energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore
access to energy, Estonia South Africa
demand side Finland Thailand
management and France
much more. Through Germany
its work, the IEA Greece
advocates policies Hungary
that will enhance Ireland
the reliability, Italy
affordability and Japan
sustainability of Korea
energy in its 30 Luxembourg
member countries, Mexico
8 association Netherlands
countries and New Zealand
beyond. Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
The European
Commission also
participates in the
work of the IEA
Please note that this
publication is subject to
specific restrictions that limit
its use and distribution. The
terms and conditions are
available online at
www.iea.org/t&c/
Source: IEA. All rights
reserved.
International Energy Agency
Website: www.iea.org
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. v
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD ................................................ vii
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN OECD COUNTRIES ..................................... x
PART I: EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. Definitions of products and flows ....................... I.3 3. Geographical coverage ..................................... I.15
2. Sources and notes .............................................. I.11 4. Energy conventions and units ........................... I.19
PART II: WORLD AND OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA
Table 1. World: Energy balance in 2017 ................................................................................................................ II.3
Table 2. OECD: Energy balance in 2017 ............................................................................................................... II.4
Table 3. World: Share of renewables in TPES in 2017 .......................................................................................... II.5
Table 4. World: Share of renewables in TFC in 2017 ............................................................................................ II.8
Table 5. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES .................................................................. II.11
Table 6. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TFC .................................................................... II.12
Table 7. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources ............................................................ II.13
Table 8. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydroelectricity ................. II.14
Table 9. OECD: Primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2017 ........................................................... II.15
Table 10. OECD: Provisional primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2018 ...................................... II.16
PART III: DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA
OECD Total ........................................................... III.5 Italy .................................................................... III.215
OECD Americas .................................................. III.15 Japan .................................................................. III.225
OECD Asia Oceania ............................................ III.25 Korea .................................................................. III.235
OECD Europe ...................................................... III.35 Latvia ................................................................. III.245
IEA Total ............................................................. III.45 Lithuania ............................................................ III.255
Australia .............................................................. III.55 Luxembourg ....................................................... III.265
Austria ................................................................. III.65 Mexico ............................................................... III.275
Belgium ............................................................... III.75 Netherlands ........................................................ III.285
Canada ................................................................. III.85 New Zealand ...................................................... III.295
Chile .................................................................... III.95 Norway ............................................................... III.305
Czech Republic .................................................. III.105 Poland ................................................................ III.315
Denmark ............................................................ III.115 Portugal .............................................................. III.325
Estonia ............................................................... III.125 Slovak Republic ................................................. III.335
Finland ............................................................... III.135 Slovenia .............................................................. III.345
France ................................................................ III.145 Spain .................................................................. III.355
Germany ............................................................ III.155 Sweden ............................................................... III.365
Greece ................................................................ III.165 Switzerland ........................................................ III.375
Hungary ............................................................. III.175 Turkey ................................................................ III.385
Iceland ............................................................... III.185 United Kingdom ................................................. III.395 d.
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Ireland ................................................................ III.195 United States ...................................................... III.405 v
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Israel .................................................................. III.205 es
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Country notes ..................................................................................................................................................... III.415 ht
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - v
INTRODUCTION
Renewables Information 2019 is the 18th edition of an Part II provides, in tabular form, a statistical overview
annual publication which provides comprehensive in- corresponding to key trends.
formation on renewable and waste energies to policy
Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and
and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors
comprehensive picture of developments in renewables
of the renewables industry.
and waste for each OECD Member country, including
Monitoring and reporting of historical trends, as well country notes, which readers should consult to under-
as the current energy market situation, provides a stand the data.
strong foundation for policy and market analysis to
The OECD data shown in this publication are pri-
better inform the decision process towards developing
marily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste
policies that are best suited to meet domestic and in-
Questionnaire submissions from OECD Member
ternational objectives.
countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Data Centre
Renewables Information 2019 brings together in one of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national
volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on re- administrations to ensure consistency in time series
newables and waste. It covers production, trade, trans- and with IEA product definitions and reporting con-
formation to electricity and heat, final consumption and ventions. The finalised data provide the basis for
installed generating capacity from renewables and
World Energy Balances.
waste. This introduction is followed by important in-
The non-OECD data are based upon official infor-
formation that will assist the reader in correctly using
the data in this publication. mation collected by the IEA Secretariat, or via nation-
al submissions to the United Nations and national en-
The information is structured as follows:
ergy publications. The resulting synthesis is published
Key trend provides an overview of developments in in World Energy Balances. Users of this publication
the markets for renewables and waste in the world. are directed to the methodology sections of that publi-
The focus is given to OECD Member countries but it cation for more detail on individual non-member
also provides selected renewables indicators for non- countries covered in the publication.
OECD countries.
A data service is available on the internet. It includes
Part I of the publication provides Explanatory notes: unlimited access through an annual subscription as well
1. Definitions as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-per-view
basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org.
2. Sources and notes
3. Geographical coverage1 In addition, all tables are available in our online data
service and on USB keys. Information on ordering the
4. Energy conventions and units
data services and other energy statistics publications is
available at the end of this book, and on the IEA web- d.
e
site at www.iea.org/statistics/. v
1. This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over ser
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IE
vi - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition)
Data were collected by the team in the Energy Data Laila El-Ashmawy, Musa Erdogan, Markus Fager-Pintilä,
Centre (EDC) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Julia Guyon, Byungho Jung, Nikolaos Kordevas and
Duncan Millard until February 2019 and currently by Claire Morel, with the support of Antonio Carvalho,
Nick Johnstone. under the responsibility of Céline Rouquette.
Within the IEA, for OECD members, data and over- Julian Prime has the overall responsibility for this re-
views were prepared: by Beatriz Martinez and port. The publication and its statistics were produced
Konstantinos Theodoropoulos with the support of by Samantha Mead. Desktop publishing was carried
Laura Mari Martinez for coal, by Aidan Kennedy for out by Sharon Burghgraeve.
electricity, by Samantha Mead for renewables, by
Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome
Angela Ortega Pastor for oil, and by Louis Chambeau
and should be addressed to:
and Faidon Papadimoulis for natural gas. OECD fuel
data were prepared under the responsibility of Julian
RenewAQ
Prime for coal, electricity and renewables, and under
Energy Data Centre
the responsibility of Erica Robin for oil and natural
International Energy Agency
gas. OECD energy balances data and overviews were
9 rue de la Fédération
prepared by Rémi Gigoux, Francesco Mattion and
75739 Paris Cedex 15, France
Faidon Papadimoulis under the responsibility of
Roberta Quadrelli. Non-OECD countries statistics Tel: [phone]
and overviews were prepared by Nicolas Coënt, E-mail: [email protected]

What’s new?
New OECD Member: Lithuania
Lithuania became an OECD Member in July 2018. Accordingly, Lithuania appears in the list of OECD
Members and is included in the OECD aggregates for data from 1990.
New Association country: South Africa
South Africa joined the IEA as an Association country in November 2018. Accordingly, South Africa is now
included in the IEA and Accession/Association countries aggregate for data starting in 1971 and for the entire
time series.

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - vii
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND
WASTE IN THE WORLD
In 2017, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) Figure 2: 2017product shares in
world renewable energy supply
was 13 972 Mtoe, of which 13.5%, or 1 894 Mtoe
(from 1 845 Mtoe in 2016), was produced from re- Liquid
newable energy sources (Figure 1). Geothermal biofuels
4.6%
4.5%
Figure 1: 2017 fuel shares in Solar, Tidal Renewable
world total primary energy supply 3.9% municipal
waste
0.9%
Biofuels Solid
Wind and waste biofuels/
Other* 5.1% 67.9% charcoal
0.3% 60.7%
Hydro
Natural Nuclear
2.5%
Gas 4.9%
22.2% Hydro
18.5%
Biofuels
Biogases
Oil Renewables and 1.7%
31.8% 13.6% waste
9.2% Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Coal
27.1%
renewables. Liquid biofuels, wind, geothermal, solar,
Solar, wind, biogases, renewable municipal waste and tidal each
geoth., tidal
1.8% hold a smaller share making up the rest of the renew-
ables energy supply.
* Other includes non-renewable wastes and other sources not
included elsewhere such as fuel cells. Since 1990, renewable energy sources have grown at
Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. an average annual rate of 2.0%, which is slightly
higher than the growth rate of world TPES, 1.7%
Due to its widespread use in developing countries (Figure 3). Growth has been especially high for solar
(i.e. residential heating and cooking), solid biofuels/ photovoltaic and wind power, which grew at average
charcoal is by far the largest renewable energy source, annual rates of 37.0% and 23.4%, respectively, from
representing 60.7% of global renewables supply very low bases in 1990. Biogases had the third highest
(Figure 2). The second largest source is hydro1 power, growth rate at 11.9%, followed by solar thermal
which provides 2.5% of world TPES and 18.5% of (11.2%) and liquid biofuels (9.7%).
Between 1990 and 2017, the average annual growth
d.
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1. Any references to hydro production in this Overview exclude was 3.9%, larger than in OECD countries, at 0.6%. ser
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IE
viii - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition)
power increase, with an average annual growth rate In 2017, 83.4% of solid biofuels were produced in
of 8.5%. Brazil, Canada and Viet Nam made the next non-OECD countries, where developing countries,
three biggest contributions to the world increases, situated mainly in Asia and Africa, use biomass for
with 8.5%, 4.9% and 4.3% of the hydro power residential cooking and heating. Africa, which ac-
increase. The highest average annual growth rates counted for only 5.8% of the world’s total TPES in
were seen in Mozambique (15.5%), Belarus (11.8%) 2017, accounted for 32.0% of the world’s solid bio-
and Viet Nam (11.0%). fuels supply. This was almost equal to the share in
non-OECD Asia excluding China, 31.9%.
Figure 3: Average annual growth rates of world
renewables supply from 1990 to 2017 Non-OECD countries supply 71.5% of the world’s
renewable energy which accounts for 9.7% of world
40% Solar PV
37.0% TPES. While OECD countries supply 28.5% of world
35%
renewables, these renewables constitute only 3.9% of
30% world TPES. Consequently, in OECD countries, the
Wind
share of renewables in total energy supply is 10.2%
25% 23.4%
compared to 47.3% in Africa, 31.7% in non-OECD
20%
Americas, 23.9% in Asia, and 9.0% in China
Solar
Biogases Liquid
15% 11.9% thermalbiofuels (Figure 5). However, OECD countries play a major
11.2%
10% 9.7% Geo- Solid role in “new” renewables, a loosely defined term
5% T1TP.o7Et%aSl Ren2e.w0%ables th3e.5rm%alH2y.4d%roCbih1oa.f0urc%eolsa/l cwoamstper, isbiinogg assoelsa ra,n dw ilniqdu, idti dbailo, fureelnse. wIna b2le0 1m7,u nOiEciCpaDl
0% countries accounted for 61.9% of “new” renewables.
In 2017, non-OECD countries accounted for 65.7% of Figure 5: 2017 shares of renewables of
total hydro power and any further increase is likely to regional total primary energy supply
be from these countries, as most of the remaining
50% 47.3%
hydro potential resides in these countries (Figure 4).
45%
Non-OECD countries account for most of the 40%
production of solid biofuels and its importance in 35% 31.7%
30%
these regions has not seen major fluctuations since 23.9%
25%
1990. Thus, the average annual growth rate for these
20%
countries, 0.9%, is slower compared to the OECD,
15%
10.2% 9.0%
1.3%, since 1990. 10%
4.1%
5%
0.4%
Figure 4: 2017 regional shares
0%
in renewables supply OECD Africa Non- Non- China Non- Middle
Total OECD OECD OECD East
Solid Biofuels Hydro* Americas Asia Europe
excluding and
Non-OECD Middle China Eurasia
Europe Middle Non-OECD East
Euarnads ia 0E.a1s%t Euarnodp e 0.4% OECD
1.5% OECD Eurasia Total
China 1T6o.7ta%l 7.4% 34.3% About half of the renewable primary energy supply in
8.6%
OECD countries is used in the transformation sector
China
28.3% to generate electricity and heat. However, on a global
level, the majority of renewables are consumed in the
residential, commercial and public services sectors.
Non-OECD
ex3CcA1hlus.i9nida%ai ng Non-OECD 3A2fr.0ic%a NeoxncA-lOusidEai nCgD Non-OECDA 3f.r0ic%a Tbihoifsu eilss a inc onthseeq ureenscidee notfi alw idseecstporre ado f usdee voefl ospoilnigd
Am9e.3r%icas C9h.7in%a Am16e.r8ic%as countries. 38.6% of renewables are used for electricity ed.
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and heat production worldwide, while 41.7% are used er
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* Excludes pump storage generation. in the residential, commercial and public sectors s r
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - ix
Figure 6: 2017 world sectoral consumption Figure 7: Fuel shares in
of renewables world electricity production in 2017
Other*
Electricity
Residential/ Natural 0.4%
plants
Comm. & Gas Nuclear
Public** 35.1% 23.0% 10.3%
41.7%
Hydro**
Combined Oil 15.9%
3.3%
heat & Renewables
power 24.5% Biofuels and
plants waste
3.0% Coal 2.0%
38.5%
Transport Heat plants
4.4% Industry 0.5% Solar, wind,
Other*
10.5% geoth., tidal
4.8%
6.5%

* Other includes electricity from non-renewable wastes and other
* Other transformation, energy industry own use, losses.
sources not included elsewhere such as fuel cells and chemical
** Includes the Agriculture/ forestry, fishing and non-specified
heat, etc.
industries.
** Excludes pump storage generation.
Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Renewables are the second largest contributor to global
electricity production (Figure 7). They accounted for energies accounted for 6.5% of world electricity pro-
24.5% of world generation in 2017, after coal (38.5%) duction, which is 26.6% of total renewable electricity
and ahead of gas (23.0%), nuclear (10.3%) and oil in 2017. Biofuels and waste, including solid biofuels,
(3.3%). After surpassing natural gas in 2016, renewa- play a minor role in electricity generation, supplying
bles further increased their share by 0.7 percentage 2.0% of world electricity.
points in 2017. Historically, the relative positions of
Since 1990, renewable electricity generation world-
renewables and natural gas have been influenced by
wide grew on average by 3.8% per annum, which is
various factors, amongst which weather conditions
greater than the average growth rate of total electricity
have played a key role. Policies which favour renewa-
generation (2.9%). Whilst 19.4% of global electricity
bles over fossil fuels have also contributed to the in-
in 1990 was produced from renewable sources, this
creasing importance of renewables in world electricity
share increased to 24.5% by 2017. Over this period,
production.
hydroelectric power saw its share of total world elec-
Hydroelectricity supplies the vast majority of renewa- tricity production falling from 18.1% in 1990 to
ble electricity, generating 15.9% of world electricity, 15.9% in 2017. The share of the remaining renewable
and 65.1% of total renewable electricity. Although sources used to produce electricity grew from 1.3% in
growing rapidly, geothermal, solar, wind and tidal 1990 to 8.5% in 2017.

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