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R e n e w a b l e s i n f o r m a t i o n 2019 R e n e w a b l e s i n f o r m a t i o n 2019 with 2018 data INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines IEA member IEA association the full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas Australia Brazil and coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance Ireland the reliability, Italy affordability and Japan sustainability of Korea energy in its 30 Luxembourg member countries, Mexico 8 association Netherlands countries and New Zealand beyond. Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. v OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD ................................................ vii OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN OECD COUNTRIES ..................................... x PART I: EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Definitions of products and flows ....................... I.3 3. Geographical coverage ..................................... I.15 2. Sources and notes .............................................. I.11 4. Energy conventions and units ........................... I.19 PART II: WORLD AND OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA Table 1. World: Energy balance in 2017 ................................................................................................................ II.3 Table 2. OECD: Energy balance in 2017 ............................................................................................................... II.4 Table 3. World: Share of renewables in TPES in 2017 .......................................................................................... II.5 Table 4. World: Share of renewables in TFC in 2017 ............................................................................................ II.8 Table 5. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES .................................................................. II.11 Table 6. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TFC .................................................................... II.12 Table 7. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources ............................................................ II.13 Table 8. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydroelectricity ................. II.14 Table 9. OECD: Primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2017 ........................................................... II.15 Table 10. OECD: Provisional primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2018 ...................................... II.16 PART III: DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA OECD Total ........................................................... III.5 Italy .................................................................... III.215 OECD Americas .................................................. III.15 Japan .................................................................. III.225 OECD Asia Oceania ............................................ III.25 Korea .................................................................. III.235 OECD Europe ...................................................... III.35 Latvia ................................................................. III.245 IEA Total ............................................................. III.45 Lithuania ............................................................ III.255 Australia .............................................................. III.55 Luxembourg ....................................................... III.265 Austria ................................................................. III.65 Mexico ............................................................... III.275 Belgium ............................................................... III.75 Netherlands ........................................................ III.285 Canada ................................................................. III.85 New Zealand ...................................................... III.295 Chile .................................................................... III.95 Norway ............................................................... III.305 Czech Republic .................................................. III.105 Poland ................................................................ III.315 Denmark ............................................................ III.115 Portugal .............................................................. III.325 Estonia ............................................................... III.125 Slovak Republic ................................................. III.335 Finland ............................................................... III.135 Slovenia .............................................................. III.345 France ................................................................ III.145 Spain .................................................................. III.355 Germany ............................................................ III.155 Sweden ............................................................... III.365 Greece ................................................................ III.165 Switzerland ........................................................ III.375 Hungary ............................................................. III.175 Turkey ................................................................ III.385 Iceland ............................................................... III.185 United Kingdom ................................................. III.395 d. e Ireland ................................................................ III.195 United States ...................................................... III.405 v er Israel .................................................................. III.205 es s r Country notes ..................................................................................................................................................... III.415 ht g All ri A. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY E I d. e v er s e s r ht g All ri A. E I RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - v INTRODUCTION Renewables Information 2019 is the 18th edition of an Part II provides, in tabular form, a statistical overview annual publication which provides comprehensive in- corresponding to key trends. formation on renewable and waste energies to policy Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors comprehensive picture of developments in renewables of the renewables industry. and waste for each OECD Member country, including Monitoring and reporting of historical trends, as well country notes, which readers should consult to under- as the current energy market situation, provides a stand the data. strong foundation for policy and market analysis to The OECD data shown in this publication are pri- better inform the decision process towards developing marily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste policies that are best suited to meet domestic and in- Questionnaire submissions from OECD Member ternational objectives. countries to the Secretariat. The Energy Data Centre Renewables Information 2019 brings together in one of the IEA Secretariat works closely with national volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on re- administrations to ensure consistency in time series newables and waste. It covers production, trade, trans- and with IEA product definitions and reporting con- formation to electricity and heat, final consumption and ventions. The finalised data provide the basis for installed generating capacity from renewables and World Energy Balances. waste. This introduction is followed by important in- The non-OECD data are based upon official infor- formation that will assist the reader in correctly using the data in this publication. mation collected by the IEA Secretariat, or via nation- al submissions to the United Nations and national en- The information is structured as follows: ergy publications. The resulting synthesis is published Key trend provides an overview of developments in in World Energy Balances. Users of this publication the markets for renewables and waste in the world. are directed to the methodology sections of that publi- The focus is given to OECD Member countries but it cation for more detail on individual non-member also provides selected renewables indicators for non- countries covered in the publication. OECD countries. A data service is available on the internet. It includes Part I of the publication provides Explanatory notes: unlimited access through an annual subscription as well 1. Definitions as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org. 2. Sources and notes 3. Geographical coverage1 In addition, all tables are available in our online data service and on USB keys. Information on ordering the 4. Energy conventions and units data services and other energy statistics publications is available at the end of this book, and on the IEA web- d. e site at www.iea.org/statistics/. v 1. This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over ser a“anncoydu tnteotrrr yitt”ho erry e,nf etaorms t ehto e o adf ec loaimunnyit tartytei roornrit aoo rfty ei,rn rticetirotnyray t,oi oarns aatlhr eefar oc. anIstniee rmtsh aaiysn dbp ebu.ob ulincdaatiroiens, Falusrot haevra ilianbfoler monat tihoen IEonA wreepbosrittien.g methodologies is ghts re All ri A. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IE vi - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) Data were collected by the team in the Energy Data Laila El-Ashmawy, Musa Erdogan, Markus Fager-Pintilä, Centre (EDC) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Julia Guyon, Byungho Jung, Nikolaos Kordevas and Duncan Millard until February 2019 and currently by Claire Morel, with the support of Antonio Carvalho, Nick Johnstone. under the responsibility of Céline Rouquette. Within the IEA, for OECD members, data and over- Julian Prime has the overall responsibility for this re- views were prepared: by Beatriz Martinez and port. The publication and its statistics were produced Konstantinos Theodoropoulos with the support of by Samantha Mead. Desktop publishing was carried Laura Mari Martinez for coal, by Aidan Kennedy for out by Sharon Burghgraeve. electricity, by Samantha Mead for renewables, by Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome Angela Ortega Pastor for oil, and by Louis Chambeau and should be addressed to: and Faidon Papadimoulis for natural gas. OECD fuel data were prepared under the responsibility of Julian RenewAQ Prime for coal, electricity and renewables, and under Energy Data Centre the responsibility of Erica Robin for oil and natural International Energy Agency gas. OECD energy balances data and overviews were 9 rue de la Fédération prepared by Rémi Gigoux, Francesco Mattion and 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France Faidon Papadimoulis under the responsibility of Roberta Quadrelli. Non-OECD countries statistics Tel: (+33 1) 40 57 67 14 and overviews were prepared by Nicolas Coënt, E-mail: [email protected] What’s new? New OECD Member: Lithuania Lithuania became an OECD Member in July 2018. Accordingly, Lithuania appears in the list of OECD Members and is included in the OECD aggregates for data from 1990. New Association country: South Africa South Africa joined the IEA as an Association country in November 2018. Accordingly, South Africa is now included in the IEA and Accession/Association countries aggregate for data starting in 1971 and for the entire time series. d. e v er s e s r ht g All ri A. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IE RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - vii OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD In 2017, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) Figure 2: 2017product shares in world renewable energy supply was 13 972 Mtoe, of which 13.5%, or 1 894 Mtoe (from 1 845 Mtoe in 2016), was produced from re- Liquid newable energy sources (Figure 1). Geothermal biofuels 4.6% 4.5% Figure 1: 2017 fuel shares in Solar, Tidal Renewable world total primary energy supply 3.9% municipal waste 0.9% Biofuels Solid Wind and waste biofuels/ Other* 5.1% 67.9% charcoal 0.3% 60.7% Hydro Natural Nuclear 2.5% Gas 4.9% 22.2% Hydro 18.5% Biofuels Biogases Oil Renewables and 1.7% 31.8% 13.6% waste 9.2% Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. Coal 27.1% renewables. Liquid biofuels, wind, geothermal, solar, Solar, wind, biogases, renewable municipal waste and tidal each geoth., tidal 1.8% hold a smaller share making up the rest of the renew- ables energy supply. * Other includes non-renewable wastes and other sources not included elsewhere such as fuel cells. Since 1990, renewable energy sources have grown at Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. an average annual rate of 2.0%, which is slightly higher than the growth rate of world TPES, 1.7% Due to its widespread use in developing countries (Figure 3). Growth has been especially high for solar (i.e. residential heating and cooking), solid biofuels/ photovoltaic and wind power, which grew at average charcoal is by far the largest renewable energy source, annual rates of 37.0% and 23.4%, respectively, from representing 60.7% of global renewables supply very low bases in 1990. Biogases had the third highest (Figure 2). The second largest source is hydro1 power, growth rate at 11.9%, followed by solar thermal which provides 2.5% of world TPES and 18.5% of (11.2%) and liquid biofuels (9.7%). Between 1990 and 2017, the average annual growth d. rate of hydroelectric power in non-OECD countries e v 1. Any references to hydro production in this Overview exclude was 3.9%, larger than in OECD countries, at 0.6%. ser ppatuuinmmgpp eecddap shatycodirtarioegs,e ,.u hnyledsrso oisth tehrew siusem s opfe cpiufireed h. yIdnr oth, em ciaxseed ohfy hdyrod raon dg epnuerre- GChroinwat,h winh icthhe awccoorludn tiend thfoisr p5e3ri.1o%d woafs tdhrei vehny dbroy ghts re All ri A. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IE viii - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) power increase, with an average annual growth rate In 2017, 83.4% of solid biofuels were produced in of 8.5%. Brazil, Canada and Viet Nam made the next non-OECD countries, where developing countries, three biggest contributions to the world increases, situated mainly in Asia and Africa, use biomass for with 8.5%, 4.9% and 4.3% of the hydro power residential cooking and heating. Africa, which ac- increase. The highest average annual growth rates counted for only 5.8% of the world’s total TPES in were seen in Mozambique (15.5%), Belarus (11.8%) 2017, accounted for 32.0% of the world’s solid bio- and Viet Nam (11.0%). fuels supply. This was almost equal to the share in non-OECD Asia excluding China, 31.9%. Figure 3: Average annual growth rates of world renewables supply from 1990 to 2017 Non-OECD countries supply 71.5% of the world’s renewable energy which accounts for 9.7% of world 40% Solar PV 37.0% TPES. While OECD countries supply 28.5% of world 35% renewables, these renewables constitute only 3.9% of 30% world TPES. Consequently, in OECD countries, the Wind share of renewables in total energy supply is 10.2% 25% 23.4% compared to 47.3% in Africa, 31.7% in non-OECD 20% Americas, 23.9% in Asia, and 9.0% in China Solar Biogases Liquid 15% 11.9% thermalbiofuels (Figure 5). However, OECD countries play a major 11.2% 10% 9.7% Geo- Solid role in “new” renewables, a loosely defined term 5% T1TP.o7Et%aSl Ren2e.w0%ables th3e.5rm%alH2y.4d%roCbih1oa.f0urc%eolsa/l cwoamstper, isbiinogg assoelsa ra,n dw ilniqdu, idti dbailo, fureelnse. wIna b2le0 1m7,u nOiEciCpaDl 0% countries accounted for 61.9% of “new” renewables. In 2017, non-OECD countries accounted for 65.7% of Figure 5: 2017 shares of renewables of total hydro power and any further increase is likely to regional total primary energy supply be from these countries, as most of the remaining 50% 47.3% hydro potential resides in these countries (Figure 4). 45% Non-OECD countries account for most of the 40% production of solid biofuels and its importance in 35% 31.7% 30% these regions has not seen major fluctuations since 23.9% 25% 1990. Thus, the average annual growth rate for these 20% countries, 0.9%, is slower compared to the OECD, 15% 10.2% 9.0% 1.3%, since 1990. 10% 4.1% 5% 0.4% Figure 4: 2017 regional shares 0% in renewables supply OECD Africa Non- Non- China Non- Middle Total OECD OECD OECD East Solid Biofuels Hydro* Americas Asia Europe excluding and Non-OECD Middle China Eurasia Europe Middle Non-OECD East Euarnads ia 0E.a1s%t Euarnodp e 0.4% OECD 1.5% OECD Eurasia Total China 1T6o.7ta%l 7.4% 34.3% About half of the renewable primary energy supply in 8.6% OECD countries is used in the transformation sector China 28.3% to generate electricity and heat. However, on a global level, the majority of renewables are consumed in the residential, commercial and public services sectors. Non-OECD ex3CcA1hlus.i9nida%ai ng Non-OECD 3A2fr.0ic%a NeoxncA-lOusidEai nCgD Non-OECDA 3f.r0ic%a Tbihoifsu eilss a inc onthseeq ureenscidee notfi alw idseecstporre ado f usdee voefl ospoilnigd Am9e.3r%icas C9h.7in%a Am16e.r8ic%as countries. 38.6% of renewables are used for electricity ed. v and heat production worldwide, while 41.7% are used er s e * Excludes pump storage generation. in the residential, commercial and public sectors s r Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. (Figure 6). ght All ri A. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IE RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2019 edition) - ix Figure 6: 2017 world sectoral consumption Figure 7: Fuel shares in of renewables world electricity production in 2017 Other* Electricity Residential/ Natural 0.4% plants Comm. & Gas Nuclear Public** 35.1% 23.0% 10.3% 41.7% Hydro** Combined Oil 15.9% 3.3% heat & Renewables power 24.5% Biofuels and plants waste 3.0% Coal 2.0% 38.5% Transport Heat plants 4.4% Industry 0.5% Solar, wind, Other* 10.5% geoth., tidal 4.8% 6.5% * Other includes electricity from non-renewable wastes and other * Other transformation, energy industry own use, losses. sources not included elsewhere such as fuel cells and chemical ** Includes the Agriculture/ forestry, fishing and non-specified heat, etc. industries. ** Excludes pump storage generation. Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. Renewables are the second largest contributor to global electricity production (Figure 7). They accounted for energies accounted for 6.5% of world electricity pro- 24.5% of world generation in 2017, after coal (38.5%) duction, which is 26.6% of total renewable electricity and ahead of gas (23.0%), nuclear (10.3%) and oil in 2017. Biofuels and waste, including solid biofuels, (3.3%). After surpassing natural gas in 2016, renewa- play a minor role in electricity generation, supplying bles further increased their share by 0.7 percentage 2.0% of world electricity. points in 2017. Historically, the relative positions of Since 1990, renewable electricity generation world- renewables and natural gas have been influenced by wide grew on average by 3.8% per annum, which is various factors, amongst which weather conditions greater than the average growth rate of total electricity have played a key role. Policies which favour renewa- generation (2.9%). Whilst 19.4% of global electricity bles over fossil fuels have also contributed to the in- in 1990 was produced from renewable sources, this creasing importance of renewables in world electricity share increased to 24.5% by 2017. Over this period, production. hydroelectric power saw its share of total world elec- Hydroelectricity supplies the vast majority of renewa- tricity production falling from 18.1% in 1990 to ble electricity, generating 15.9% of world electricity, 15.9% in 2017. The share of the remaining renewable and 65.1% of total renewable electricity. Although sources used to produce electricity grew from 1.3% in growing rapidly, geothermal, solar, wind and tidal 1990 to 8.5% in 2017. d. e v er s e s r ht g All ri A. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IE

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