Renewable Power Systems Dynamic Security

180 Pages·2020·7.715 MB·English

by  Gaber Magdy, Gaber Shabib, Adel A. Elbaset, Yasunori Mitani

Power Systems
Gaber Magdy
Gaber Shabib
Adel A. Elbaset
Yasunori Mitani   
Renewable
Power Systems
Dynamic
Security
Power Systems
Electrical power has been the technological foundation of industrial societies for
many years. Although thesystems designed to provide and applyelectrical energy
have reached a high degree of maturity, unforeseen problems are constantly
encountered, necessitating the design of more efficient and reliable systems based
on novel technologies. The book series Power Systems is aimed at providing
detailed, accurate and sound technical information about these new developments
inelectricalpowerengineering.Itincludestopicsonpowergeneration,storageand
transmission as well as electrical machines. The monographs and advanced
textbooksinthisseriesaddressresearchers,lecturers,industrialengineersandsenior
studentsinelectricalengineering.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/4622
(cid:129)
Gaber Magdy Gaber Shabib
(cid:129)
Adel A. Elbaset Yasunori Mitani
Renewable Power Systems
Dynamic Security
GaberMagdy GaberShabib
ElectricalEngineeringDepartment ElectricalEngineeringDepartment
FacultyofEnergyEngineering FacultyofEnergyEngineering
AswanUniversity AswanUniversity
Aswan,Egypt Aswan,Egypt
AdelA.Elbaset YasunoriMitani
ElectricalEngineeringDepartment ElectricalEngineeringDepartment
FacultyofEngineering KyushuInstituteofTechnology
MiniaUniversity Tobata-ku,Kitakyushu-shi
El-Minia,Egypt Fukuoka,Japan
ISSN1612-1287 ISSN1860-4676 (electronic)
PowerSystems
ISBN978-3-030-33454-3 ISBN978-3-030-33455-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33455-0
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Abstract
Concerning the environmental issues, energy crisis, and economic growth, the
utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs) towards high penetration in our
community is seriously inevitable. For instance, the Ministry of Electricity and
Renewable Energy of Egypt plans to increase the electric energy from RESs to
cover20%oftheelectricitydemandby2020and42%oftheelectricitydemandby
2030.Thus,thepopularityofRESsthroughouttheworldwillincreaserapidlydueto
the three aforementioned issues. However, most of the RESs are connected to the
power system through the power electronic interfaces called inverters/converters.
The utilization of inverters/converters will significantly reduce the inertia of the
power system (community). With the trend to increase the RESs in the power
system, the overall inertia of the power system will significantly reduce and create
manystabilityproblemsinsystemfrequencyandvoltage,leadingtotheweakening
of the power system. This problem will widely affect people’s daily life and
community by power interruption and, in the worst case, may lead to power
failure/blackout. The low system inertia issue is also one of the major restrictions
to integrate RESs, which are clean, cheap, and sustainable to all communities.
Therefore, the renewable power systems (RPSs) have become more susceptible to
thesysteminsecurethantraditionalpowersystemsbecauseofthefollowing;reduc-
ingoftheoverallinertiaofthepowersystemthatresultfromreplacingtheconven-
tionalgenerators,e.g.,synchronousgenerators(SGs)withRESs,anddecouplingof
theRESsfromtheACgridusingpowerconverters.Thus,maintainingthedynamic
security of RPSs is thekey challenge for integrating more RESs. Hence, this book
proposes new frequency control techniques based on superconducting magnetic
energy storage (SMES) system, virtual inertia control, and virtual synchronous
generator (VSG) for frequency stability enhancement of RPS considering the high
penetration level of RESs. However, a suitable inertia control technique can be
applied together with energy storage systems (ESSs) to emulate additional inertia
powertothecommunityorpowersystem,improvingsysteminertiaandeliminating
thestabilityissues.Moreover,theproposedfrequencycontrolstrategiesarecoordi-
natedwithdigitalover/underfrequencyprotectionfortheenhancementoffrequency
vii
viii Abstract
stability and preservation of the dynamic security of RPSs because of the high
integration level of RESs. The effectiveness of the proposed coordination schemes
istestedandverifiedthroughsmallandlargescalesofRPSs,i.e.,Microgrid(μG)and
Egyptian Power System (EPS). The simulation results proved that RPSs with the
proposed coordinated schemes will provide better stability and performance for
today's power system and for those of the future, which are expected to integrate
more and more RESs; thus, the proposed coordination schemes will ensure avoid-
anceofpowersysteminstabilityandsystemcollapse.
Acknowledgments
Firstandforemost,allourthankfulnessistoAllahwhohelpedandguidedustocarry
out this work. We would like to take this opportunity to extend our heartfelt
appreciation to the following persons who have contributed directly or indirectly
towardsthecompletionofthebook.
The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Hassan Bevrani (University of
Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran), Dr. Yaser Qudaih (American University, Madaba,
Jordan), and Dr. Thongchart Kerdphol (Kyushu Institute of Technology,
Kitakyushu, Japan) for their active role and continuous support. Last but not least,
theauthorsoffertheirdeepestpersonalgratitudetotheirfamilyforalltheirpatience
andhelpduringthepreparationofthisbook.
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Contents
1 IntroductionandLiteratureReview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 AnOverviewandMotivations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 TypesofPowerSystemModels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 ConventionalPowerSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2 ModernandFuturePowerSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 ControlApproachesforLFCinPowerSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.1 ClassicalControlTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.2 OptimalControlApproaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.3 AdaptiveControlSchemes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3.4 RobustControlApproaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 BookObjectivesandContribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 BookOrganizationandOutline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 ANewFrequencyControlStrategyinRealPowerSystems
ConsideringWindEnergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 15
2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 SystemConfigurationandModeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.1 DynamicModeloftheEPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.2 MathematicalModeloftheEPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2.3 WindPowerGenerationSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2.4 ModelingofPowerSystemLoads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.5 ModelingofSMESTechnologyinLFC. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3 ControlMethodologyandProblemFormulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4 MothSwarmAlgorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.5 SimulationStudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.6 SimulationResultsandDiscussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 AComprehensiveDigitalProtectionSchemeforLow-inertia
MicrogridsConsideringHighPenetrationofRenewables. . . . . . . . . 39
3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
xi