Renewable energy systems from biomass: efficiency, innovation and sustainability

279 Pages·2019·8.063 MB·English

by  Anawar, Hossain M., Strezov, Vladimir

Renewable Energy
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Renewable Energy Systems E
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Efficiency, Innovation, and Sustainability
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New innovations are needed for the invention of more efficient, affordable, L
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ciency, Innovation, and Sustainability identifies a need to synthesize relevant
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and up-to-date information in a single volume. This book describes a systems S Efficiency, Innovation, and Sustainability
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social, and environmental viewpoints, as well as policies and benefits. This E
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FEATURES B Hossain M. Anawar
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• Focuses on innovations in renewable energy systems that are affordable O
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and sustainable
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discusses technological, political, economic, social, and environmental
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ENERGY AND CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
ISBN: 978-1-4987-6790-3
90000
9 781498 767903
CRC Press titles are available as eBook editions in a range of digital formats
Renewable Energy Systems
from Biomass

Renewable Energy Systems
from Biomass
Efficiency, Innovation, and Sustainability
Edited by
Vladimir Strezov
Hossain M. Anawar
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Strezov, Vladimir, editor. | Anawar, Hossain M., editor.
Title: Renewable energy systems from biomass : efficiency, innovation and
sustainability / editors: Vladimir Strezov, Hossain M. Anawar.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018043069 | ISBN 9781498767903 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Biomass energy. | Sustainability.
Classification: LCC TP339 .R493 2019 | DDC 662/.88--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018043069
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
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Contents
Preface..............................................................................................................................................vii
Editors ...............................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ......................................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Current Status of Renewable Energy Systems from Biomass: Global Uses,
Acceptance, and Sustainability ....................................................................................1
Hossain M. Anawar and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 2 Modeling of Sustainable Energy System from Renewable Biomass Resources
in Response to Technical Development, Lifecycle Assessment, Cost, and
Availability .................................................................................................................15
Hossain M. Anawar and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 3 Sustainable Energy Production from Distributed Renewable Waste Resources
through Major Waste-to-Energy Activities ................................................................35
Tao Kan, Vladimir Strezov, and Tim Evans
Chapter 4 Technical and Economic Assessment of Biogas and Liquid Energy Systems
from Sewage Sludge and Industrial Waste: Lifecycle Assessment and
Sustainability ..............................................................................................................57
Hossain M. Anawar and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 5 Mutual Effects of Climate Change and Energy Crops and Their Controls on
Biomass and Bioenergy Production ...........................................................................75
Hossain M. Anawar and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 6 Renewable Energy Production from Energy Crops: Effect of Agronomic
Practices, Policy, and Environmental and Economic Sustainability .........................89
Hossain M. Anawar and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 7 Environmental and Energy Potential Assessment of Integrated First and
Second Generation Bioenergy Feedstocks ...............................................................103
Hannah Hyunah Cho and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 8 System Approach to Bio-Oil Production from Microalgae .....................................121
Margarita Rosa Albis Salas, Vladimir Strezov, and Hossain M. Anawar
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Properties, Applications, and Prospects of Carbonaceous Biomass
Post-processing Residues..........................................................................................135
Suraj Adebayo Opatokun, Vladimir Strezov, and Hossain M. Anawar
Chapter 10 Application of Biochar for Carbon Sequestration in Soils .......................................159
Yani Kendra, Vladimir Strezov, and Hossain M. Anawar
Chapter 11 Integration of Biomass, Solar, Wind, and Hydro-energy Systems and
Contribution to Agricultural Production in the Rural Areas ...................................173
Hossain M. Anawar and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 12 Solar Energy for Biofuel Extraction .........................................................................189
Haftom Weldekidan, Vladimir Strezov, and Graham Town
Chapter 13 Hydrogen Production from Biomass ........................................................................207
Tao Kan and Vladimir Strezov
Chapter 14 Biomass-Fueled Direct Carbon Fuel Cells ...............................................................225
Tao Kan, Vladimir Strezov, Graham Town, and Peter Nelson
Chapter 15 Integrating Renewable Energy and Biomass into Built Environment .....................243
Xiaofeng Li, Vladimir Strezov, and Hossain M. Anawar
Index ..............................................................................................................................................263
Preface
The world faces a range of sustainability challenges due to its fossil-fuel dependence for energy
production. One of the major environmental problems at present is climate change due to green-
house gas emissions from fossil fuels. Furthermore, fossil fuels have limited reserves and deplete
with use, which illustrates the importance of introducing and accelerating technological develop-
ments for wider adoption and use of renewable energy sources. Biomass offers an important oppor-
tunity to substitute for fossil fuels, as it is the only carbon-based, renewable energy source; its
carbon is net greenhouse gas neutral, because the CO released from combustion or processing of
2
biomass is the same as the CO fixed from the atmosphere by the plant, through photosynthesis.
2
Biomass offers other opportunities through production of liquid, gaseous, or high-energy-density
solid fuels with already available processing technologies, such as pyrolysis, gasification followed
by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, hydrothermal processing, fermentation of high-sugar-containing
crops, or transesterification of high lipid containing biomass. These technologies were reviewed
and discussed in detail previously (Strezov and Evans, 2015).
There still are, however, challenges in realizing the full potential of biomass fuels for energy
conversion. First, most of the biomass processing technologies for production of liquid fuels for
transportation are based on the first-generation energy crops, such as sugar cane, corn, wheat,
soybean, and rapeseed, which require high nutrients, water, and high-quality agricultural land for
cultivation, thereby creating the food versus energy debate. The second (lignocellulosic biomass,
agricultural, forestry, and other organic wastes) or third generation of biomass fuels (micro- and
macro-algae) can provide solutions to this debate and substantially improve the sustainability of
energy production and energy conversion of these biomass resources.
As the technology for sustainable use of biomass resources develops, there is an opportunity to
design the fourth generation of biomass technologies, which will not only solve the current problems
from the excessive use of fossil fuels to sustainably generate electricity or produce high-energy-
density fuels and petrochemicals, but also solve other environmental problems, such as improving
quality of marginal soils, providing carbon sequestration, accelerating adoption of other renewable
energy forms (e.g., solar and wind) in agricultural and rural areas, remediating contaminated land
and wastewater, contributing beneficially to development of the hydrogen economy, and integrat-
ing biomass into green-star-energy-rated building environments. This can be achieved through an
integrated approach to design renewable energy production and utilization systems from biomass.
This book aims to provide a discussion on the biomass utilization systems that have been developed
or are in development to more efficiently use biomass resources and further contribute to improved
environmental and sustainability benefits.
REFERENCE
Strezov, V., and T.J. Evans. Biomass Processing Technologies. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2015.
vii
Editors
Professor Vladimir Strezov is a Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia. He holds a PhD in chemical engi-
neering and a bachelor of engineering (with honors) in mechanical engineering. Prior to commenc-
ing academic work at Macquarie University, he was a researcher at the Department of Chemical
Engineering, the University of Newcastle, and at BHP Research in Newcastle, Australia. Professor
Strezov leads a research group at Macquarie University that is working on renewable and sus-
tainable energy, industrial ecology, and control of environmental pollution, and is designing sus-
tainability metrics of industrial operations. Professor Strezov is an advisory panel member for
the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and Fellow of the Institution of Engineers
Australia. He is associate editor of the Journal of Cleaner Production and editorial member for the
journals Sustainability, Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, and International Journal
of Chemical Engineering and Applications. Professor Strezov is author of more than 200 articles
and two books: Biomass Processing Technologies, with T. J. Evans (2014), and Antibiotics and
Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils, with M. Z. Hashmi and A. Varma (2017).
Dr. Hossain M. Anawar is currently working in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty
of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW, Australia. Dr. Anawar holds a bachelor of
science (honors) and master of science in chemistry, a second master of science in environmental
chemistry and geoscience, and a PhD in environmental biogeochemistry. He has been conduct-
ing research in different internationally recognized universities and research institutes for more
than 14 years in Japan, Spain, Czech Republic, Portugal, South Africa, Botswana, and Australia.
Dr. Anawar held the position of researcher at different levels in the above academic institutes.
He was lecturer in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Management at Independent
University, Bangladesh (IUB). Dr. Anawar has an internationally-reputed research record in inno-
vative chemical, biogeochemical, environmental technological, microbial, and nano-technological
approaches to understanding the effects of contaminants within the aquatic, plant, and soil environ-
ments. His current research work focuses on renewable energy sources, recovery of sustainable and
economic renewable energy systems, resources, and materials. His other area of research priority is
sustainable environmental management of waste materials and life cycle assessment. His research
emphasizes the development of technological solutions for mining, contaminated land rehabilita-
tion, resource recovery, waste to resources, nanomaterial contaminants, environmental assessment,
and remediation. Dr. Anawar has been awarded several internationally reputed government and
industry-funded scholarships and research grants. He has published more than 60 articles in peer-
reviewed international journals.
ix