Table Of Content

Renewable Energy Production and Distribution This page intentionally left blank Renewable Energy Production and Distribution Recent Developments VOLUME 1 Edited by Mejdi Jeguirim The Institute of Materials Science of Mulhouse (IS2M), University of Haute Alsace, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Mulhouse, France AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom Copyright(cid:1)2022ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribed herein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafety andthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,or editors,assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatter ofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods, products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-323-91892-3 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublicationsvisitourwebsiteat https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:CharlotteCockle AcquisitionsEditor:LisaReading EditorialProjectManager:JoshuaMearns ProductionProjectManager:KameshRamajogi CoverDesigner:VickyPearsonEsser TypesetbyTNQTechnologies Dedicated to the memory of my father Mongi Jeguirim from whom I have learnt to be helpful in all honor. This page intentionally left blank Contents List ofcontributors xv Part I Solar thermal energy 1. Utilization of mono and hybrid nanofluids in solar thermal collectors OsamaAyadi,OtabehAleOran,Mohammad Hamdan, Tareq Salameh, Afif Akel Hasan, Adel Juaidi, Ramez Abdallah and Mustafa Jaradat 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Statusofsolarenergymarkets 4 1.2 Solarthermalcollectors(ST) 5 1.3 Enhancementofsolarthermalcollectors 5 2. Performanceofflatplatesolarcollector(FPSC)using hybridnanofluids 8 3. Performanceofevacuatedtubesolarcollectors(ETSC) usingnonfluids 11 3.1 Metalnanofluids 11 3.2 Metaloxidenanofluids 14 3.3 Carbonnanofluids 19 3.4 Hybridorcombinationnanofluids 22 4. Performanceofconcentratedsolarcollectorsusing hybridnanofluids 22 5. Conclusions 38 References 40 2. Solar air heater performance improvement by photovoltaic-powered thermoelectric heat pumping Josue´ RockSegnon andHowardOkezieNjoku 1. Introduction 45 1.1 Designsofsolarenergysystems 45 1.2 Thermoelectric-integratedsolarenergysystems 49 vii viii Contents 2. Materialsandmethods 52 2.1 Systemdescription 52 2.2 Experimentalprocedures 55 3. Resultsanddiscussions 58 3.1 Indoorexperiments 58 3.2 Outdoorexperiments 62 4. Conclusions 64 References 65 Part II Solar photovoltaic energy 3. A grid connected PV system based on a reduced delta inverter AsmaBen Rhouma 1. Introduction 71 2. PVsystem 73 2.1 DescriptionofthePVsystem 73 2.2 DescriptionofthePVpanel 74 2.3 DC/DCboostconverter 75 2.4 MPPTcontrolsforDC/DCconverters 76 2.5 SimulationresultsofthePVsystem 76 3. Modelingoftheconventional DC/ACinverterconnected tothegrid 81 3.1 Structure 81 3.2 Mathematicmodelofthegrid 81 3.3 Conventionalcontrolstrategy 83 4. Modelingofthedeltainverterconnected tothegrid 86 4.1 Structureofthedeltainverter 86 4.2 Photovoltaicdeltainverterconfiguration 87 4.3 Photovoltaicdeltainverterconnectedtothegrid 88 4.4 Dedicatedcontrolstrategyforthephotovoltaicdelta inverterconnectedtothegrid 88 5. Simulationresults 94 6. Experimentalresults 98 7. Conclusion 103 References 103 4. An experimental test bench for emulating the standard characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems IntissarMoussaand AdelKhedher 1. Introduction 107 2. PVSgeneraloverview 109 2.1 PVcellstechnologies 110 2.2 PVsystemstopologiesandtypes 113 Contents ix 2.3 PVmodels 114 2.4 StaticanddynamicparametersextractionofPVS 118 2.5 ControlmethodsofPVS 118 3. ProposedPVemulatordesign 120 3.1 PVmodelchoice 121 3.2 PVemulator synopticdiagram 122 4. Real-time(RT)digitalsimulationandhardware-in-the-loop (HIL)testofthePVE 125 4.1 RTPVdigitalsimulation 125 4.2 HILtestandvalidationofthePVEcontroller 126 5. Experimentaltestbenchandresults 130 6. Conclusion 132 Appendix 133 Acknowledgments 133 References 133 Part III Bioenergy production 5. Green pellets production and applications in energy sector Mejdi JeguirimandBesma Khiari 1. Introduction 139 2. Biomasspellets production 141 2.1 Biomassrawmaterials:types,composition,and characterization 141 2.2 Thepelletizationprocess 146 2.3 Pelletscharacterization 147 3. Pelletscombustion 149 3.1 Domesticusecombustiontechnologies 149 3.2 Communalandindustrialusecombustiontechnologies 166 3.3 Combinedheatandpowerproductionatdomesticscale 172 3.4 Biomassbasedpowerproduction 173 4. Conclusion 179 References 182 Part IV Hydrogen production 6. Hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification: a review Ibtissem Houcinat,NawelOutili,BeleńGarcıá-Jarana, Jezabel Sańchez-Oneto, JuanR.Portelaand Abdeslam-HassenMeniai 1. Introduction 189 2. Supercriticalwater gasificationprocess 190