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Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pagei Remington An Introduction to Pharmacy Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pageii Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pageiii Remington An Introduction to Pharmacy LoydVAllenJr, Editedby PhD,RPh ProfessorEmeritus,UniversityofOklahomaSchoolofPharmacy Editor-in-Chief,InternationalJournalofPharmaceuticalCompounding Edmond,OK,USA Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pageiv PublishedbyPharmaceuticalPress 1LambethHighStreet,LondonSE17JN,UK ©2013RoyalPharmaceuticalSocietyofGreatBritain2012 isatrademarkofPharmaceuticalPress PharmaceuticalPressisthepublishingdivisionoftheRoyalPharmaceuticalSociety TypesetbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India PrintedinAnnArbor,Michigan,USAbyEdwardsBrothersMalloy ISBN9780857111043 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyform orbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightholder. Thepublishermakesnorepresentation,expressorimplied,withregardtotheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedinthis bookandcannotacceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ThisbookisadaptedfromcontributionspublishedinRemington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy22ndedition. Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pagev Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Abouttheeditor xv Contributors xvii 1 Scopeofpharmacy 1 Education 2 Licensurerequirements 2 Careers 2 Postgraduatetraining 8 Graduateeducation 8 Organizations 8 References 9 2 Evolutionofpharmacy 11 Thedrug-takinganimal 11 Prehistoricpharmacy 12 Antiquity 12 TheMiddleAges 14 TheRenaissanceandearlymodernEurope 15 Americanpharmacy 18 AntebellumAmerica:pharmacyfindsitsniche 20 Thesearchforprofessionalism 21 Legislation 21 Transitiontoamodernprofession 22 Theeraofcountandpour 24 Theemergenceofclinicalpharmacy 25 Theconflictingparadigmsofpharmaceuticalcareandmanagedcare 25 Thepromiseofanewcentury 26 Thefuture 26 Historyasadiscipline 26 Achronologyforpharmacists 27 References 30 3 Thenewdrugapprovalprocessandclinicaltrialdesign 31 TheFoodandDrugAdministration 31 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pagevi vi | Contents OverviewoftheUSdrugapprovalprocess 32 Post-approvalactivities 39 Clinicaltrialplanninganddesign 40 Summary 49 References 49 4 Informationresourcesinpharmacyandthepharmaceuticalsciences 51 Introduction 51 Locatingappropriatetypesofinformationresources 51 Acknowledgments 61 References 61 5 PharmaceuticalChemistry 65 Inorganicpharmaceuticalchemistry 65 Organicpharmaceuticalchemistry 79 Structuraldeterminantsofdrugaction 92 Naturalproducts 96 Structure–activityrelationshipsanddrugdesign 106 Pharmaceuticalprofiling 115 Conclusionsandperspectives 121 Prodrugs 122 Fundamentalsofmedicalradionuclides 124 Drugnomenclature 131 History 133 References 138 6 Pharmaceuticalanalysisandqualitycontrol 143 Analysisofmedicinals 143 Biologicaltesting 146 Clinicalanalysis 148 Qualityassuranceandcontrol 149 Stabilityofpharmaceuticalproducts 151 Bioavailabilityandbioequivalencetesting 166 Chromatographicmethodsofanalysis 169 Spectroscopicmethodsofanalysis 172 Massspectroscopicmethodsofanalysis 175 Dissolution 177 AppendixA:Examplespecifications 180 AppendixB:21CFRfoodanddrugs 182 References 185 7 Pharmaceutics 189 Modern-Daydrugdiscoveryanddevelopment 189 Metrologyandpharmaceuticalcalculations 190 Molecularstructure,propertiesandstatesofmatter 196 Thermodynamics 223 Solutionsandphaseequilibria 229 Separationmethods 232 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pagevii Contents | vii Ionicsolutionsandelectrolyticequilibria 233 Tonicity,osmoticity,osmolalityandosmolarity 237 Chemicalkinetics 245 Drugstabilization 248 Complexformation 250 Interfacialphenomena 251 Colloidaldispersions 251 Coarsedispersions 252 Rheology 257 AppendixA:sodiumchlorideequivalents,freezing-pointdepressions,andhemolyticeffectsofcertain medicinalsinaqueoussolution 258 AppendixB:isotonicsolutionvalues 281 References 282 8 Pharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamics 285 Basicpharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamics 285 Drugactionandeffect 288 Drugabsorption,distribution,metabolism,andexcretion 291 Clinicalpharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamics 296 Principlesofimmunology 296 Pharmacogenomics 296 Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamicsindrugdevelopment 301 References 302 9 Pharmaceuticaldosageforms:manufacturingandcompounding 305 Powders 305 Solutions,emulsions,suspensions,andextracts 307 Sterilizationprocessesandsterilityassurance 314 Parenteralpreparations 315 Pharmaceuticalcompounding:USP<797>sterilepreparations 316 Ophthalmicpreparations 317 Medicatedtopicals 324 Oralsoliddosageforms 324 Coatingofpharmaceuticaldosageforms 327 Oralmodified-releasedrugdeliverysystems 329 Aerosols 330 Biotechnologyanddrugs 332 Pharmaceuticalpackaging 337 Pharmaceuticalexcipients 339 References 340 10 Fundamentalsofpharmacypractice 345 Applicationofethicalprinciplestopracticedilemmas 345 Appliedethicsandhealthcare 346 Technologyandautomation 347 Pharmacyinformatics 349 TechnologyandHIPAA 350 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pageviii viii | Contents Emergingtechnologies 351 Clinicaldrugliterature 351 Roles,responsibilities,anddruginformation 352 Thepatient:behavioraldeterminants 354 Drugeducation 358 Professionalcommunications 364 Theprescription 385 Drugproductsafetyreportingprograms 411 Providingaframeworkforensuringmedicationusesafety 413 Adversedrugreactions 417 Druginteractions 418 Poisoncontrol 423 Medicationdisposal 424 Surgicalsupplies 431 Healthaccessories 431 Theentrepreneurialandintrapreneurialpharmacist 433 References 435 11 Thescopeofpharmacypractice 441 Thepracticeofcommunitypharmacy 441 Thepracticeofhealthsystemspharmacy 446 Pharmacytechnicians,medicationpreparation,anddistributionsystems 448 Clinicalpharmacyservices 452 Medicationusepolicy 456 Leadership 460 Contractingandprocurement 464 Humanresources 467 Informationtechnologyandautomation 469 Educationandtraining 472 Pharmacypracticeinindustry:potentialrolesforpharmacists 474 Pharmacistsingovernment 474 Pharmacistsandpublichealth 475 Consultantpharmacypractice 475 Nuclearpharmacypractice 475 Homeinfusionpharmacypractice 482 Specialtypharmacy 483 Pharmacistsinacademia 485 Nutritioninpharmacypractice 486 Veterinarypharmacy 487 Extemporaneousprescriptioncompounding 489 References 517 12 Social,behavioral,economicandadministrativesciences 523 Lawsgoverningpharmacy 523 Pharmacoeconomics 525 Productrecallsandwithdrawals,anddisposalofunusedmedicines 528 Marketingpharmacycareservices 529 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pageix Contents | ix Clinicalpharmacyservices 529 Currentbillingmethodsforpharmacists 530 Documentation:TheSOAPSystem 532 Pharmacistcredentialing 533 Medicalclaimsandbasicbillingterminology 534 Claimsforpharmacistservices 537 Futuredirections 538 Pharmaceuticalriskmanagement 540 Pharmacoepidemiologyandpharmacovigilance 542 References 544 13 Patientcare 547 Pharmacistsanddiseasestatemanagement 547 Developmentofapharmacycareplanandpatientproblemsolving 558 Specializationinpharmacypractice 562 Ambulatorycarepharmacypractice 575 Selfcare 576 Diagnosticself-care 579 Complementaryandalternativemedicalhealthcare 579 Preventivecare 579 Substanceabusecare 582 Emergencymedicinepharmacypractice 582 Pediatricpharmacypractice 583 Transplantpharmacypractice 585 Pharmacogenomicsinpharmacypractice 585 Criticalcarepharmacypractice 586 Infectiousdiseasespharmacypractice 586 Painandpalliativecare 588 Assessingpharmacy-relatedqualityofcare 590 Long-termcare 591 Chronicwoundcare 591 References 592 Index 599

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Pharmaceutical Press, 2013. — 665 p. — ISBN 978 0 85711 104 3.There has been a long-time need for a book that introduces the first year pharmacy student to all the different aspects of pharmacy and one that would serve as an introduction to the content of the courses involved in the making of a
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665 Pages·2016·83.55 MB·English
by  Allen L.V.Jr. (Ed.)
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Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pagei Remington An Introduction to Pharmacy Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pageii Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pageiii Remington An Introduction to Pharmacy LoydVAllenJr, Editedby PhD,RPh ProfessorEmeritus,UniversityofOklahomaSchoolofPharmacy Editor-in-Chief,InternationalJournalofPharmaceuticalCompounding Edmond,OK,USA Remington_Pharmacy ffirs.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:16P.M. Pageiv PublishedbyPharmaceuticalPress 1LambethHighStreet,LondonSE17JN,UK ©2013RoyalPharmaceuticalSocietyofGreatBritain2012 isatrademarkofPharmaceuticalPress PharmaceuticalPressisthepublishingdivisionoftheRoyalPharmaceuticalSociety TypesetbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India PrintedinAnnArbor,Michigan,USAbyEdwardsBrothersMalloy ISBN9780857111043 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyform orbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightholder. Thepublishermakesnorepresentation,expressorimplied,withregardtotheaccuracyoftheinformationcontainedinthis bookandcannotacceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ThisbookisadaptedfromcontributionspublishedinRemington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy22ndedition. Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pagev Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Abouttheeditor xv Contributors xvii 1 Scopeofpharmacy 1 Education 2 Licensurerequirements 2 Careers 2 Postgraduatetraining 8 Graduateeducation 8 Organizations 8 References 9 2 Evolutionofpharmacy 11 Thedrug-takinganimal 11 Prehistoricpharmacy 12 Antiquity 12 TheMiddleAges 14 TheRenaissanceandearlymodernEurope 15 Americanpharmacy 18 AntebellumAmerica:pharmacyfindsitsniche 20 Thesearchforprofessionalism 21 Legislation 21 Transitiontoamodernprofession 22 Theeraofcountandpour 24 Theemergenceofclinicalpharmacy 25 Theconflictingparadigmsofpharmaceuticalcareandmanagedcare 25 Thepromiseofanewcentury 26 Thefuture 26 Historyasadiscipline 26 Achronologyforpharmacists 27 References 30 3 Thenewdrugapprovalprocessandclinicaltrialdesign 31 TheFoodandDrugAdministration 31 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pagevi vi | Contents OverviewoftheUSdrugapprovalprocess 32 Post-approvalactivities 39 Clinicaltrialplanninganddesign 40 Summary 49 References 49 4 Informationresourcesinpharmacyandthepharmaceuticalsciences 51 Introduction 51 Locatingappropriatetypesofinformationresources 51 Acknowledgments 61 References 61 5 PharmaceuticalChemistry 65 Inorganicpharmaceuticalchemistry 65 Organicpharmaceuticalchemistry 79 Structuraldeterminantsofdrugaction 92 Naturalproducts 96 Structure–activityrelationshipsanddrugdesign 106 Pharmaceuticalprofiling 115 Conclusionsandperspectives 121 Prodrugs 122 Fundamentalsofmedicalradionuclides 124 Drugnomenclature 131 History 133 References 138 6 Pharmaceuticalanalysisandqualitycontrol 143 Analysisofmedicinals 143 Biologicaltesting 146 Clinicalanalysis 148 Qualityassuranceandcontrol 149 Stabilityofpharmaceuticalproducts 151 Bioavailabilityandbioequivalencetesting 166 Chromatographicmethodsofanalysis 169 Spectroscopicmethodsofanalysis 172 Massspectroscopicmethodsofanalysis 175 Dissolution 177 AppendixA:Examplespecifications 180 AppendixB:21CFRfoodanddrugs 182 References 185 7 Pharmaceutics 189 Modern-Daydrugdiscoveryanddevelopment 189 Metrologyandpharmaceuticalcalculations 190 Molecularstructure,propertiesandstatesofmatter 196 Thermodynamics 223 Solutionsandphaseequilibria 229 Separationmethods 232 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pagevii Contents | vii Ionicsolutionsandelectrolyticequilibria 233 Tonicity,osmoticity,osmolalityandosmolarity 237 Chemicalkinetics 245 Drugstabilization 248 Complexformation 250 Interfacialphenomena 251 Colloidaldispersions 251 Coarsedispersions 252 Rheology 257 AppendixA:sodiumchlorideequivalents,freezing-pointdepressions,andhemolyticeffectsofcertain medicinalsinaqueoussolution 258 AppendixB:isotonicsolutionvalues 281 References 282 8 Pharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamics 285 Basicpharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamics 285 Drugactionandeffect 288 Drugabsorption,distribution,metabolism,andexcretion 291 Clinicalpharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamics 296 Principlesofimmunology 296 Pharmacogenomics 296 Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamicsindrugdevelopment 301 References 302 9 Pharmaceuticaldosageforms:manufacturingandcompounding 305 Powders 305 Solutions,emulsions,suspensions,andextracts 307 Sterilizationprocessesandsterilityassurance 314 Parenteralpreparations 315 Pharmaceuticalcompounding:USP<797>sterilepreparations 316 Ophthalmicpreparations 317 Medicatedtopicals 324 Oralsoliddosageforms 324 Coatingofpharmaceuticaldosageforms 327 Oralmodified-releasedrugdeliverysystems 329 Aerosols 330 Biotechnologyanddrugs 332 Pharmaceuticalpackaging 337 Pharmaceuticalexcipients 339 References 340 10 Fundamentalsofpharmacypractice 345 Applicationofethicalprinciplestopracticedilemmas 345 Appliedethicsandhealthcare 346 Technologyandautomation 347 Pharmacyinformatics 349 TechnologyandHIPAA 350 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pageviii viii | Contents Emergingtechnologies 351 Clinicaldrugliterature 351 Roles,responsibilities,anddruginformation 352 Thepatient:behavioraldeterminants 354 Drugeducation 358 Professionalcommunications 364 Theprescription 385 Drugproductsafetyreportingprograms 411 Providingaframeworkforensuringmedicationusesafety 413 Adversedrugreactions 417 Druginteractions 418 Poisoncontrol 423 Medicationdisposal 424 Surgicalsupplies 431 Healthaccessories 431 Theentrepreneurialandintrapreneurialpharmacist 433 References 435 11 Thescopeofpharmacypractice 441 Thepracticeofcommunitypharmacy 441 Thepracticeofhealthsystemspharmacy 446 Pharmacytechnicians,medicationpreparation,anddistributionsystems 448 Clinicalpharmacyservices 452 Medicationusepolicy 456 Leadership 460 Contractingandprocurement 464 Humanresources 467 Informationtechnologyandautomation 469 Educationandtraining 472 Pharmacypracticeinindustry:potentialrolesforpharmacists 474 Pharmacistsingovernment 474 Pharmacistsandpublichealth 475 Consultantpharmacypractice 475 Nuclearpharmacypractice 475 Homeinfusionpharmacypractice 482 Specialtypharmacy 483 Pharmacistsinacademia 485 Nutritioninpharmacypractice 486 Veterinarypharmacy 487 Extemporaneousprescriptioncompounding 489 References 517 12 Social,behavioral,economicandadministrativesciences 523 Lawsgoverningpharmacy 523 Pharmacoeconomics 525 Productrecallsandwithdrawals,anddisposalofunusedmedicines 528 Marketingpharmacycareservices 529 Remington_Pharmacy ftoc.tex V1-04/08/2013 7:17P.M. Pageix Contents | ix Clinicalpharmacyservices 529 Currentbillingmethodsforpharmacists 530 Documentation:TheSOAPSystem 532 Pharmacistcredentialing 533 Medicalclaimsandbasicbillingterminology 534 Claimsforpharmacistservices 537 Futuredirections 538 Pharmaceuticalriskmanagement 540 Pharmacoepidemiologyandpharmacovigilance 542 References 544 13 Patientcare 547 Pharmacistsanddiseasestatemanagement 547 Developmentofapharmacycareplanandpatientproblemsolving 558 Specializationinpharmacypractice 562 Ambulatorycarepharmacypractice 575 Selfcare 576 Diagnosticself-care 579 Complementaryandalternativemedicalhealthcare 579 Preventivecare 579 Substanceabusecare 582 Emergencymedicinepharmacypractice 582 Pediatricpharmacypractice 583 Transplantpharmacypractice 585 Pharmacogenomicsinpharmacypractice 585 Criticalcarepharmacypractice 586 Infectiousdiseasespharmacypractice 586 Painandpalliativecare 588 Assessingpharmacy-relatedqualityofcare 590 Long-termcare 591 Chronicwoundcare 591 References 592 Index 599

Description:
Pharmaceutical Press, 2013. — 665 p. — ISBN 978 0 85711 104 3.There has been a long-time need for a book that introduces the first year pharmacy student to all the different aspects of pharmacy and one that would serve as an introduction to the content of the courses involved in the making of a
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