Religions of Asia Minor

116 Pages·1995·5.077 MB·English

by  Maciej Popko,  Iwona Zych (transl.)

230 Reiigions of Asia Minor
108, 112, 118, 123, 125, 129-130, 152, 159 Zela (Zile) 169, 171
Uranos 124 Zeus 124, 182, 190, 192; Z. Bagaios 191; Z.
Urartian (art, etc.) 188-189 Baradates 183; Z. Kariös 178, 183; Z.
Labraundos 178; Z. Lydios 183; Z.
Urartu 161
Olympus 183; Z. Osogoa 178; Z. Pap(i)as
urigalhi 140
191; Z. Polieus 183; Z. Sabazios 191; Z.
Urkis 99
Solymeus 168; Z. Stratios 178
Uruk 24
Zilipura/i 71-72, 94
Urunzimu (see Wurusemu) 70
Zincirli 166, 171
Usmu 57
Zintuhi 72, 75, 145
Utruna 149
Ziparwa 73-74, 87-88, 113
Zip(pa)landa 45, 70, 72, 74-75, 77, 79, 87, 89,
vanishing god myth(s) 80, 87, 90, 106-107,
110-111, 118, 144-146, 149
119-120
Ziplante/il 72, 113
Venassa 168, 171
Ziplanti 72
Zithariya 86-87, 89-90
Wahisi 72
w Zulki 99
wall pamtings 31-32, 37
Walwaziti 151
war-god 58, 70, 74, 89-90, 92-93, 94, 100, 111,
113, 153, 167
Wasezzili 71, 73
Washulili 113
Wasitta 127
Waskuwattasi 73
Wasukanni 85
iveritema 131
White Syrians 164
Wilusa 116
window (as cult object) 71, 76, 145
‘wood of the bplt* 71, 76
Wurunkatte 113
Wurusemu (see Urunzimu) 70
Xanthus 173, 175
xoanon 178, 184
Yahveh 158
Yalburt 141
Yam 127
Yamhad 95
w
Yanarlar 156
Yazihkaya (near Hattusa) 21, 98, 115, 141
Yeşilırmak 169
Yümüktepe 47
Zahalukka 147
V
Zaliyanu 114
Zalpa 53
Zaipuwa 68
Za(s)hapuna 114, 122, 147
I
Index 229
228 Reîigions of Asin Minor
sanctuary 30, 41, 46, 48, 61, 141, 183, 185 statue(tte) 21, 58, 68, 74, 76-77, 80, 95-96, 101, Tahattanuiti 72 Teteshapi 72, 149
SANGA 116, 118, 139-140, 145-148, 153, 155, 166, Tahurpa 114, 143 theogony 119, 123-124, 130
169, 171, 178-179, 183, 185, 191
Sangarius 16, 42
Takitu 115 theophany 134
Stone House 153-155
Santa, Sama, Sandes 55, 93, 169, 184-185 Tamesiet 55 theophorous names 21, 54-55, 82, 92, 100,
‘stone’ (as cult object) 145, 147, 189
Sardis 22-23, 181-185 161, 164-165, 167-169, 173, 177-178, 185
Tamisiya 55
storm-god(s) 33, 35, 38, 46, 48, 53-55, 59, 69-
Sargon ΙΪ 187 theriomorphic (cult) objects 35, 41-42, 60 with
Tammuz 119
75, 78-79, 83, 87-88, 90-91, 95, 96, 101, 106,
Sarissa 144 n. 127, 65, 76
Tantalus
110-114, 116, 121-122, 128-129, 131, 133,
Sarku 167 ’thousand gods’ 90
Taparwasu 113
136, 143, 145, 148, 151, 166-168, 171, 173,
Sarpa 55, 94 thunder 33, 69, 79, 83, 136, 148, 178
Tapikka 55
178, 183, 191-192; (Hattian) Storm-god of
w
Sarpanitum 68 Tigris 17, 24
Tappinu 113
Heaven 56, 70, 89, 145-146; of Hattusa 70,
Sarpedon 174 Tilla 97
145- 146; of Nerik 72, 86, 113, 120-121, 130, Tarawa 55, 89
Sarruma 94, 97-98, 101, 114-115, 133, 165-166, 146- 147; of Zippalanda 72, 75, 77, 89, 113, Tarhu(na) 54-56, 69, 74, 89, 91, 117 Tümen Höyük 47
169 145-146 Timmeti 73
Tarhunt, Tarhunza 69, 91, 94, 110, 166-168,
Sat 28
Strabo 164, 169, 179, 183-184 173 Tiwat 55-56, 68, 91-92, 94, 167, 168
. Sausha/il(l)a 114 Stratoniceia 178 Tarhuntassa 63, 92, 143, 147, 153 Tiyat 56, 68, 113
Sauska 94, %, 98, 101, 112, 115, 125-127, 165 substitute 82 n. 209, 107-108 tarlipa 83 Tmolus 183
Sauska of Samuha 98, 114-115, 133, 147 Substitution (see also rituaîs) 82, 107 tcmmm-sea 93 tomb(s) 43-45, 154-157, 171, 174-176, 180, 185-
Scythians 164
sugarriâ'um 54 Tarsus 36-37, 47, 93, 168-170 186, 191-193; pillar t 175; rockcut t. 157,
seals, seal impressions 20, 33, 47, 52-53, 57- Suhili 94 171, 175, 189; tholos t. 157, 180; tumulus t.
Taru (Hattian god) 55, 69, 91, 113, 117
59, 64-65, 157, 165 175, 180, 185-186, 188, 193
Sulinkatte 94, 100, 117, 146
Taru (Hurrian deity) 115
Selçuk 157
Toptepe 36
Sumerian 99-100, 128, 131
Tarukka 121
Semele (Zemele) 192
sun-deity 25, 46, 70, 73, 82, 95-96, 120, 129, trading colonies period 19, 21, 51-61, 67, 82,
Tarumu 117
Semites 52, 166 192 84, 87, 93, 156
Tasamat 72
*
Semitic 54, 98, 117, 124, 127-128, 134, 160, sun-god 56, 87-89, 91-92, 100, 103, 111-112, triad of deities 33, 60, 90-91, 94, 172, 174
Tasimmetti 73
163-164, 166-167
115, 125-126, 132, 152, 165, 168 Trikasbos 174
Tasimmez 72
Seri 97, 112
Sun-goddess of Arinna 70-72, 83, 89-90, 97, Troad 157
Tasmisu 97, 115, 117, 125, 165
Sertapsuruhi 126 103, 111-113, 118-119, 145
Trosobios (Trzzubi/Krzzubi) 174
tastappa 145
shrine(s) 31-34, 36-37, 41-44, 46, 60-61, 74-75, Sun-goddess of the Harth 70-72, 88-90, 103,
Troy 22, 41, 51, 157
Tatta 92
140, 146, 182, 189 w m , Π5, 118, 120, 130, 145-146, 192
Trqqas/Trqqiz 173
Taunsa 88
Sidetic 21 Suppiluliuma I 63, 100, 109, 116, 144, 149,
Trysa 174
Taurit 113
167
Silver (as a god) 127
turaxssali 173, 175
Taurus 16, 24, 161, 163-164, 166-170, 181, 187-
Suppiluliuma 1J 63, 109, 141, 145
Simige 89, 100, Π2
Tusratta 98
188
Sup(p)ululia 52
Sipylus 185
(tutelary god - see protective g.)
Tawiniya 112
sıtr(a) 145
sin 132, 143
Tuthaliya (mountain) 55
Tazzuwasi 114
Sura 175 *
Sin 54 Λ
Tuthaliya I 63
Teiresias 159
surinmı 140
Si us 56
Tuthaliya IV 98, 109-110, 133, 141, 144
Telipinu (king) 63-64, 83-84
Suwaliyat 97, 117
Sius(um)mi 56
Typhon 122, 124, 126, 16S
Telipinu (prince) 144
Symbol oracles 138
Sivrihisar 188
typology of gods 53, 65, 69
Telipinu (god) 71, 80, 87-88, 97, 106, 110-114,
Symbols 32, 36, 58, 105, 135, 138, 152; divine
Siwat 67, 72, 89
120, 143
S- 46, 54, 59, 68, 74, 140, 178
Siyanla 176
Teil Ahmar 163, 165 Ubaid 24, 36, 38
syncretism 54, 69, 91, 97, 112, 117-118, 158,
Sofular 170
162 Telmessus in Caria 178 Ubelluri 125, 129
solar disc 46, 101, 140
Ugarit 20, 23, 96, 100, 109, 128, 136
Syria 16, 18, 21-22, 24, 30, 40, 52, 62-64, 69, temple(s) 47, 54, 57, 60, 69, 71, 74-75, 77, 79,
Soîyma 168
84, 95, 98, 100, 109, 118, 123, 126-128, 137, 87, 98, 101-102, 118, 132, 140-148, 153, 167- U.GUR 117
soul 151-152, 154 143, 160-161, 163, 166-167, 169-170, 189 168-170, 178-181, 183, 189, 192 Uhna 68
spring, pool, well 105, 140-141, 146, 148, 173, Syrİan (culture, ete.) 20, 62, 64, 68, 80, 86, 94- Terittuni 117 UHikummi 124-126, 129
178, 185, 191
95, 97, 101, 112, 114, 116, Π9, 167, 189-191 Termilans 172 üliliyassi 93
spring-goddess 69, 73, 111, 173 Şar 169 Tesimi 147 Uiza 113
stag (see also deer) 46, 58, 89 vvith n. 236,
Tesmmi 174 Umbu 100
115, 167-168, 179, Ί82
Tabal 164, 166, 169 Tesub 70, 92, 94, %-98, 100, 112, 114-115, Unagasta 117
Standards 45-46, 140 ’ j
Tahaksaziyati 73 123-127, 141, 165-166, 169 Underworld 70, 72, 81, 87, 89-90, 98-100, 106,
ı
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Index 227
226 Religions of Asia Minor
Moon of Harran 100, 165-166 Ninatta 94, 115 Paphlagonia 62 'Mother of the God* 77; ‘Woman of the
moral Standards 103, 132 Nineveh 98, 128 Storm-god* 77
Para kara 165
Morimene 168 Ningal, Nikkal 100, 115 (Primeval Gods - see Inferior Gods)
Parcae 81
Mother 173, 189 Ninlil 99 Parka 54 prince 72, 79, 142
prophet 99, 102, 134-135
Mother Earth 70, 73 Niobe 185 Patara 175
proteetive/tutelary deity 46, 54-56, 58, 71, 89-
mother-goddess 33, 35, 37, 69-70, 90, 94, 110- Nipas 54
Patrodus 155
90, 92, 98, 100, 103, 111, 113, 133-134, 143,
111, 162, 167, 169, 173, 179, 185 Nişantepe 141
Pausanias 185
146, 152-153, 158, 166, 167, 174, 184-185
Mother of Gods 173, 181, 188, 190 Nonnus 168
Peçin Kalesi 178
Puduhepa 97, 118, 132, 151
Mother of the Mountains 181
Norşuntepe 37
Pegasus 174-175, 179
puluhtu 131
mountain-god(s) 55, 69, 72, 96-97, 99, 101,
Nubadig 89, 94, 100, 115
Persian (Empire, ete) 162, 164, 169, 175, 181
Pulur 46-47
110, 112-114, 116, 146-147, 169, 174, 188
Nymphs 173
personal god 54, 133
purification 82-83, 104
Muhili 94
Nyssa 184
personification 25, 90
purity 142
Muntara 99
Peruwa (see also Pirwa) 55
Pyrrha 190
Mursili I 62, 68
oath 98, 116, 132
Pessinus 171, 189-191
Mursili II 63, 109, 132, 136
Odysseus 159
Phellos 175
Qebeliya 174
musical Instruments 79, 127, 190-191
Oenoanda 173
Philo of Byblos 124
Qeli 174
Muski 160, 187
of f e ring table 76, 79
Phocaea 157
QXdän/PXdän 183-184
Mutmuntara 99
offerings 33, 60, 76, 78-81, 101, 132, 134, 153,
Phoenicians 161
■Queen’ (a goddess) 72, 75, 94, 114, 143, 188
Muwatalli II 63, 92, 109, 113-114, 116, 133,
155, 174-175
Phrygia 16, 23, 156, 163-164, 171, 175, 186,
143, 153
Olba 168
189
red color 30-32, 34, 83
Müsgebi-Ortakent 157
Old Hittite period 65, 67-83, 117, 122, 136,
Phrygian (culture, ete.) 21, 146, 160, 168, 182,
relief(s) 21, 32-33, 139, 165, 171, 175-176, 182
‘My God' 54, 56
146, 149, 155-156
187-193
(royal) residence 75-76, 142, 145-147
‘My Sun’ 56, 70
Old Testament 22, 82-83
Phrygia ns 101, 160-161, 164, 187-188, 191
Rhodes 172
Mycenaean 85, 157, 160, 179
‘Old Woman’ 77, 82-83, 88, 105, 135, 138
pihassassi 92, 133, 143
rituals: cult r. 60, 71, 75, 78-80, 103, 119, 142,
Mylasa 178, 180
omen 83, 102, 107, 134, 136, 137
pillar (as cult object) 29-30, 42
144, 147-151, 191; of entreaty 106-107, 119,
Myra 174-175
Oppianus 168
PiIIiya 85
159; evocation r. 82, 87, 107; for new
M Mysians 178
' oracle 102, 116, 135, 138-139, 142, 153, 159,
Pirinkîr (see also Parakara) 114, 165 palace 80-82, 108; magical r. 80-83, 88, 92-
myths 26, 29, 32, 71, 74, 80-81, 92, 99, 105- 175, 178, 184, 190, 192
93, 98, 102-103, 119, 129; mantaüi r. 153;
Pirvva (seribe) 120
106, 119-131, 134-135, 152, 159, 168, 174-
ornithomaney 135, 137
‘meteorological* r. 79, 148; r. pf passage
Pirwa (god, see also Peruwa) 88, 94, 114, 118
175, 179, 182, 184-185, 190-192
Orontes 164 105; purification r. 77, 82-83, 99, 104-105,
Pisaisa 127
Orta köy 20 130, 155; Substitution r. 107;
Pisidia 22, 168-169, 174
Nabarbi 115
Osmankayası 156 river (as a god) 96, 116, 180
Pisidian 21
Nabonidus 166
‘Our God' 54, 56, 68 rock carvings 27-28
Pitane 157
Nagaruna, Nagarwa 169
Oymaağaç 45-46 rock monument(s)/relief(s) 21-22, 65, 115,
Pithana 53, 56
nahsaratt 131 139, 141, 168, 185, 187-189, 192
Pixodarus 173
Nak(k)ili(y)at(a) 55, 130 rock paintings 27-28
Pactolus 185
Polath 43-44, 156
Namni 97, 112, 126 rock sanctuary 21, 115
Pala 62
Pontus, Pontic 16, 17, 57, 63, 85, 164
Namsara 99 rock throne 146, 185
Palaeoiithic 23, 27-28, 32
Porsuk 16
Nara 99 Palaite 73, 88, 113 Runt(a), Rond(a), Ruwat 89, 168
Potnios Theron 184
Natr(i) 173, 175 Palaites 39, 48, 55, 62, 64-65, 67-69, 73, 113
prayer 80-82, 90, 97, 102-104, 107, 118, 120,
sacred marriage 80
negative confession 103 Palanlı 27
132, 135, 151
sacred precinct 54, 76, 183
Neo-Hittite (kingdoms, ete.) 162-167, 171 Palestine 27, 30, 84
priest(s) 54, 77, 79-80, 103, 105, 111, 117, 142,
sacred prostitution 169
Neolithic 24-25, 28-36, 57 Pamphylia 16, 22, 170, 173
144, 168, 170, 174, 179, 182, 191; GUDU12
sacrifice 78
Neolithic revolution 23, 29, 40 Panamara 178
77, 145-146; hamina p. 77, 146; high p. 77,
Sakarya 16, 187
Nerak 72, 113, 146 Panaztepe 157
118, 144, 146“, 168, 170; incantation p. 105;
Sakur 167
Ner(i)gal 100, 117 Pandora ’s box 130 kumrum p. 54 with n. 99, 55, 77; 'Man of
Salus-Bitinhi 115
Nerik 70, 72, 74-75, 78, 85, 110-111, 121-122, pantheon(s) 38, 48, 57, 68-69, 90-91, 95-97, the Storm-god’ 77, 105, 121; SANG A p. 77,
146-147, 149 110-115, 123; local p. 69-70, 72-74, 91-92, 145-146, tazzili p. 77, 146 Sanval 163, 166, 171 n. 512
Nesa 52-53, 63, 114 94, 101, 110-111, 114, 117 priestesses 34, 77, 79-80, 118, 145, 179, 185; Samas 54, 57, 89, 100, 112
Papaya 72, 81 ammama p. 145, ‘Mistress of the God’ 77; Samuha 114, 144
Nevalı Cori 24, 29-30
j 9
t
P
t
I
. 224 Religions of Asia Minor Index 225
İsparta 23, 27
Kessi 128 Lelluri 101 Mamma 88
Istanu 70
king (as priest) 71, 78-79, 145, 149-150 Lesbos 116 Manes 153
Istanuwa 95
King of Caunus (a god) 173-174, 177 Leto 173, 177, 179 Manuzi 101, 151
istanzaOıa)- 151
Kizzuwatna 63, 85, 96, 98-99, 101, 107, 114, Letoon 173-174 Marassanta 130
Istar 54, 57, 60, 69, 73, 90, 94, 114, 146 143, 151
Leviathan 127 Maraş 171
‘Istar of the Field' 93 Kızılırmak 16, 188
libation 78 Marduk 68, 93, 166
Istarazzil 113 Kore 184-185
Liber 191 Marivda 185
è
Istustaya 72, 81 Korucu tepe 47
Lidar Höyük 61
Marmara Sea 27, 36
İvriz 110, 167 Köşk-Höyük-Bor 35
lightning 69, 83, 92, 97, 133, 135-136 Mamas 179
Iyahsul 113 Kronos 124
Lihsa 55
Marsyas 179
Iyarri 93 Kubaba 55, 100-101, 166-167, 170, 181-182,
Lihzina Marwainzi 93
188-190
Lilluri
Maşathöyük 141, 156
Kubabat 54-55
jabal al-Akra 126
LU(u)wani 72, 90, 106, 112, 118, 149
Mausoleum 180
Kufad(a), Kuvav(a) 182, 184-185, 188
Limyra 174
Mausolus 178, 180
Kulitta 94, 115
Kabaklı 75
lion 58-59, 73, 97, 166-167, 182, 189
ME 131
Kuliwisna 94
Kait 71, 73, 117, 184
lists of god s 71-74, 87-90, 94, 112-115, 117
‘meadow’ 152, 155
Kululu 166
Kakasbos 174
liver models 83, 135, 137-138
Mediterranean 16-17, 38, 62, 90, 92-93, 125,
Kummanni 101, 143-144, 147, 150-151, 169
Kaksat 73
Lubadaga 100 127, 158, 161, 164
Kumarbi, Neo-Hitt. Kuparma 97, 99-100, 115,
Kalehisar 55, 72, 146, 188
’Lucky Day‘ 113, 146 mdammu 131
117, 123-127, 159, 165
Kamamma 113-114
Lukka 172 Melid 165, 169
Kumbuçağı 27
Kamrusepa 87-88, 92-93, 105, 121
Lulahhİ 90, 93, 112 Melitene 163
Kumme, Kummiya 96, 125, 127
Kandaules 185
inlimi 93 Men 168, 184, 192; M. Ascaenus 192; M.
Kummuh 163, 167, 169
Kanes 18-19, 23, 39, 51-53, 56-58, 62-63, 74, Lusna 94 Katachthonios 192; M. Tiamou 192; M.
kursa 76, 82, 87, 89-90, 106, 111, 120, 146
84, 88, 98, 114, 167; see also Kltepe
Tyrannos 192; M. Uranios 192
Luwia 62
Kurunta (king) 143
Kanesite 55-56, 88-89, 94, 114
Mermnad 181
Luwian (culture, etc.) 20, 23, 55-57, 63, 73-74,
Kurunta (god) 89, 91-92, 168; see also Runt(a)
Kantuzzili 103-104
85, 87-95, 110, 143, 147, 160-161, 173, 175, Mersin 36-38, 47
Kussar(a) 53
Kapalıin 23 181-182, 192 Mesopotamia 17-18, 22-23, 24, 30, 37, 40, 46,
Kusuh 92, 100
Karahisar-Tavaz 42 Luwia ns 39, 48, 52, 54, 56, 62-64, 67-69, 73, 51-52, 63, 83, 84, 95-96, 98, 100, 119, 123,
Karahna 143 Kusura 42, 60 85, 91-95, 104, 109, 114, 118, 160-161, 163- 136-137, 152, 158
Kuşaklı 20 172, 177-178, 188
Karahöyük (Elbistan) 171 Mesopotamian (culture, etc.) 36, 53-54, 57-58,
Kuwa(n)sa/e, Kuwanza 73, 169 Lycaonia 169 68-69, 80, 86-87, 89, 93-94, 99, 102, 104,
Karahöyük (Konya) 20, 44, 51-52, 60, 156
Kuzzanisu 71 Lycia 16, 22, 42, 168, 173, 175, 188 111-112, 129-130, 133, 152
Karain 27
Kültepe 18-20, 23, 39, 44-45, 51-60, 69; see Lycian (culture, etc.) 21, 172-176, 180 metroa 189
Karakuyu 141
also Kanes Lycians 163, 172-177 Mezzulla 71-73, 75, 113, 145
Karaoğlan 156
Kybebe 167, 181, 184 Lydia (Ludu) 101, 164, 169, 181, 185 Midas (Mita) 187
Karasu 168
Lydian (culture, etc.) 21, 22, 39, 181-186, 188 Midas City 188-189
Kara taş-Semayk 42-43, 156
Labraunda 178 Lydians 161, 177-178 Middle Hittite period 63, 65, 84-108, 110-112,
Karhuha 100, 167, 190
labrys 178 Lystra 94 118, 129, 131-133, 140, 151, 156
Karkemis 55, 57, 100, 163, 165, 167, 171, 181,
Lallariya 94 Miletus 184
187-188, 190
Minki 99
Kasha 143 LAMMA god(s) 58, 88-94, 100, 111, 115, 127, Ma 169-170, 178
167 Minoan 85
Kaska 63, 85-87, 90, 103, 109, 115-116, 122, Maeander 16, 42, 178-180
146, 149, 160 LAMMA.LUGAL 113 magic 25-26, 27-29, 31-32, 34-36, 49, 68, 77, Mira 147
Kastama 74, 114, 122, 147 Lamëtru 185 80-83, 88, 102, 104-108, 135-136, 154-155, Mistress of Animais 34
158; black m. 83, 104
Katahha 72, 113-114, 143 Laodiceia 192 Mitanni 84, 98
Magnesia 185
Katahhi 72, 113 Lasuwa 169 Miyatanzipa 73, 82
Mahmatlar 45
Kattahzipuri 73, 87-88, 113 lavatio 148, 191 Moiras 81
Mala 94
Katapa 72, 75, 86, 97, 114, 118, 143 Lavvazantiya 98, 118, 144 monotheism 158
Malatya 160, 163, 165, 167
Kattelikamamma 113 Lazpa 116 monster(s) 124-127, 175, 191
Kazankaya 156 Lef, Lev 183 Malis 173 Moon(-god) 92, 98, 100, 111-112, 115, 121,
Kel la 121-122, 149 Lelegians 177, 179 Maliya 73, 88-89, 101, 173 127, 165, 168, 173, 177, 184, 192
222 Religions of Asia Minor Index 223
Etiyokuşu 44 Gulzanikk(a) 114 HayaSa 116-117 hunting magic 27, 29, 32
Euphrates 17, 20, 24, 27, 29-30, 36-37, 40, 46, Gurparanzah 128 Hazzi 97, 112, 125-126 Hupasiya 121
61, 63, 85, 94, 116, 160, 167 Gümenek 169 hearth (as cult object) 47-48, 71, 73, 76, 81, Hurri 97, 112
Euromos 178 Gürün 165 140, 142, 145 Hurrian (culture, etc.) 63, 65, 84-87, 89, 92,
Eusebius of Caesarea 124 Gygaea Lake 183 Heaven/Sky 25, 70, 96-97, 113, 116, 121, 123- 94-102, 111-113, 115, 117-118, 123-128, 130,
evocation 120 124, 129 140, 144, 151, 159-160, 165-166, 191
Gyges (Gugu) 181, 186
extispicy 83, 98, 135, 137 Hebat, Neo-Hitt. Hiputa 94, 96-98, 101, 111- Hurrians 20, 52, 84-85, 95, 102, 104, 108, 110,
ex-vota 173 112, 114-115, 118, 125, 127, 141, 165-166, 118, 128, 154, 165
Hacılar 23, 31, 34-36
169 Hurma 114
Hadad 166, 171
Fasıllar 139 Hecatomnus 173, 177 Huwassanna 94, 143
Hades 130
fate goddesses 72, 81, 111, 124 Hector 155 huwasi 76, 140 ; see also cult stela
Haharwa 147
fertility goddess 33, 48, 188 Hedammu 126-127, 165 Huwawa 128
hahhima 120
Ferzant 156 hekiir 114, 141 Huzziya 55
Hakmis(a) 86, 146
festivals, gen. 55,^74, 77-79, 102, 147-151, 169, hemerologies 136 hymn 103, 122, 132, 135
Halab/Aleppo 62, 95-98, 114, 165
178; AN.TAH.SUM f. 149-150; autumn f. henotheism 133, 158, 166
(Teil) Halaf 24, 36-37, 171
148,150; Chrysanthina f. 184; great f. 148- hepatoscopy 83, 137 Iasos 43
149; (h)isuwa f.150-151; F. of Joy 191; Hallara 114 Hera 178 ichthyomancy 175
KI.LAM f. 46, 79, 148-150; month f. 78; halentiu, halentuwa 75, 142
Heracles 93, 169, 174, 184 iconography 21, 57-59, 100, 112, 134, 139, 183-
New Year f. 149; nuntarriyasha f. 150; purul- Halicarnassus 178, 180
Hermes 168 184, 189-190
slip(yrain) g f.f . 112418--112530,, 119419; regulär f. 77, 148; Halki 55, 71, 73-74, 89, 99, 112, 117, 146, 184 Hermus 16 idols 36, 42-45, 47, 173
figurine(s) 30-31, 33-34, 36-37, 45-46, 59-60, Halmasuit 56, 70, 71 with n. 161, 76, 80-81 heroa 174 İkiztepe 46, 156
76, 105, 139, 173, 182 Halys 16, 37, 39, 44, 46, 62, 85, 130, 155-156 Herodotus 161, 164, 177-178, 181-182, 186-187 Ilali(y)a(nt) 55, 89, 113
Hama 163, 171
funerary ritual 154-155, 176 Hesiod 124, 159 ilica 156
funerary urn 41, 155-156 Hamrishara 94, 98 Hesta, hista 55, 72 Illuyanka Tale 121-124, 149, 191
hamrum 54 Hiera/opolis 144, 170 Impaluri 125
Gaea 124, 126 Hana 68 hierodule 142 impurity 82, 104-105, 130, 142-143
GAL.ZU 113 Han(n)ahan(n)a 55, 82, 87-89, 121 Higisa 54 İnandıktepe 75
Gâvurkalesi 141 Hanhana 112, 143 Hilassi 73, 114 İnandıktepe vase 69, 71, 79-80
gazzidduri 145 Hantasepa 83 Hilakku 164 lnar(a) 55, 71, 90, 121
Gedikli 47 Hapantali, Habatali 55, 71, 113, 121 Hipponax 182, 185 innara 89
Gediz 16 Hapiri 90, 112 Hissalant 93 incantation priest 105, 107
Gilgamesh 128 Haratsi 72 Hittite (culture, etc.) 20-21, 23, 45-46, 50, 52, incantation(s) 103, 105
Glaukos 174 Harpy Monument 175 56-58, 62-68, 78, 80, 85-86, 91-92, 112, 115, incubation 134
god and man 131-134 Harran 100 117-118, 127, 133, 146-148, 150, 154, 156- Indo-European (tradition, etc.) 67
Goddess of the Night 114 Hartana 93 158, 160-163, 181, 184-185, 188, 192 ' Indo-Europeans 39-40, 48, 52
gods’ cities 72, 118, 143-147, 169-170 Hasam(m)ili, Hazamil 55, 72-73, 114, 146 Hittites 22, 37, 39, 48, 52, 55-56, 62-64, 69, 72, Inferior/Primeval Gods 90, 99, 112, 125, 129-
Hasanoğlan 46 85-86, 90, 118, 128, 146, 152, 160 130
Gordias 187
Hassusara OQueen') 89 holiness 142-143 inn 142, 145
Gordium 23, 156, 160, 187, 189, 192-193
Gökçeler 180 Hattian (culture, etc.) 20, 45-46, 53, 55-56, 58, holy cities 144 invocation 103
62, 67, 70-74, 80, 85-86, 88, 91, 94, 118, 121, Homer 155 lobates 174
Göksu 16, 169
144, 149, 184 horoscopes 136 lonia 158-159, 161
Göller 46
Gözlükule 47 Hattians 39, 48, 52-53, 62, 64, 67, 69, 72, 85- Horoztepe 45-46 lonians 177, 179
86, 113 horse(s) 92, 114 Irhant 93
Great Goddess 59, 87
Hattusa 20-23, 45-46, 53, 62-64, 68-69, 71, 74- ‘House of the knrsa' 75 Irpitiga 99
(Great) Sea 90, 93, 120-121, 124-126
75, 83-84, 86, 95-96, 98, 109, 112, 119, 123, Höyücek-Bucak 34 Irsirra 125
Greece 16, 22, 128, 130, 134, 152, 158, 185 128, 135-137, 140-141, 143-145, 149, 151; see
Hppnterus 174 Isauria 169
Greek 15-16, 21, 81, 119, 124, 126-130, 152, also Boğazkale
159-162, 164, 170, 172, 175-176, 176, 179, Hattusili I 62-64, 83, 95, 155 Hubesna 94, 143 Ishara 54, 90, 94, 96, 101, 112
184-185, 187, 189, 192 Hudena Hudellurra 115, 124 Isında 176
Hattusili HI 63, 85, 97-98, 109-110, 133-134,
Creeks 22, 116, 158, 169, 175, 187 146-147, 158 Hulla 113^ Ispant 89
(sacred) grove 173, 177-179 Havamma 73 hunting god 58 Ispanzasepa 73
220 Reîigions of Asin Minor Index 221
Ashurbanipal 181 Boğazkale, Boğazköy 20, 22-23, 39, 45, 52, 60- cosmogony 119, 129-131 Dindymus 189
Asiet, Assiyat 55, 89 61, 68, 75, 156, 188-190; see also Hattusa
Covenant 134, 158 Dionysos 185, 191-192
Askasepa 89, 112 Bosphorus 16
Cragus 174 divination 77, 83, 102, 134-139, 158, 175
Askeios 168 brontoseopy 136
cremation 37, 41, 47, 61, 152, 154-157, 171, 193 divine judgement 132
Asmunikal 90, 103, 154 bull 32-33, 38, 45-46, 54, 57, 60, 69, 76, 80, Croesus 181, 183-184 divine laws 132
Astabi 100, 115 96-97, 107, 115 cult gen. 28, 30, 34, 42, 57, 68-69, 74-80, 101- diviner 105, 139, 142
Astarte 98, 127 burial customs 30, 34, 37-38, 45-48, 61, 116, 102, 139-151, 168-169, 173, 182, 184, 188, doctor 82, 105
Asâur 54 154-158, 171, 175-176, 180, 185-186, 192-193 190-191; ancestor e. 30, 153; fertility c. 33, Dorak 44
Assuritum 54 burial gifts 36, 44-47, 61, 156-157, 185, 193 dead's c. 32, 34, 152-155; c. horns 33, 42;
Dorians 177
Assuwa 181 burials 30-31, 34-37, 43-45, 47, 155-157, 171; e. image 68, 76-77, 139-140, 146, 166, 178,
double axe 178, 183
Assyria 109, 161, 163 extramural b. (cf. cemetery) 43, 48, 61, 156- 182, 184, 188-191; e. journey 72, 78, 149-
157,-171; intramural b. 31, 34-37, 46, 48, 61, 150; local e. 74-75, 78, 94; e. meal/feast 78, dreams 134-135
Assyrians 51-52, 63, 140, 163
155, 171 153, 155, 191; c. objects 30, 34, 36, 41, 60, Dryos 174
Aşıklı Höyük 31 76-77, 101-102,. 139-140, 145, 158, 189; c. Dunna 114
Büyük Güllücek 37
Atargatis (Dea Syria) 170-171, 183 personnel 74, 76, 96, 142, 154; scull c. 24, Durmitta 112
Büyük Kapıkaya 189
■ Atatürk Lake 27 30-31, 33, 38; c. staffs 46, 76; c. stela 30,
Athena 178; A. Polîas 173 Büyük Menderes 16 42-43, 60-61, 76, 101, 140, 146, 188-189; e.
Ha, Neo Hitt I(ya) 54, 57, 94, 99, 112, 115,
Büyükkale 140 throne 71, 76, 80-81, 140, 142; tree c. 42-
Atlas 129 123, 125-127, 132, 165-166
43, 146-147, 182; e. vessels 21, 59-60, 75,
Attis 182, 190-191 eagle 60, 81, 83, 101, 106; double-headed e. 58
Cabeira 192 101, 115, 140
attributes of gods 58-59, 65, 76, 89, 101, 110, Early Bronze Age 16, 23-24, 39-48, 60
139-140, 166-167, 190-191 Cafer Höyük 30 Cyaneae 173-175 Early Iron Age 160-162
Cybele 101, 167, 169, 179, 181, 184-185, 188-
augur 105, 135, 137 Caicus 42 190 Earth (also Dark Earth) 70, 73, 88, 96, 113,
augury 137 calendar 29, 78, 102, 120, 136, 147-148 115-116, 120, 123-124, 129, 152, 165
Cybistra 94
Aya 100, 115 Calycadnus 16 Ebla 97-99
Cyme 182
Ayvalık 157 Cappadocia 16, 55, 160, 164, 187 Cyrus 164 Eflatun Pınar 141
Azazel Caria 42-43, 167-168, 170, 173, 176-180, 192 Egypt 22, 109, 127-128, 177
Carian 21, 177 Çatalhöyük 23, 31-34, 57 Eheledi 174
Ba'al 126, 128, 166-167 carrier 82-83 with n. 209, 108 Çayönü 24, 30-31 El 99, 117, 128
Babaköy 43 Casius 97 Çiftlik 166 Eleuthera 174
Babylonian (culture, ete.) 93, 98, 100, 103-104, Castabnla 170 Çorum 37 Eliyäna 173
112, 117-119, 127-128, 131-132, 135-136, 166 castration 179, 182, 190-191 Elkunirsa 128
Bacchus (Baki) 185 Cataonia 63, 169 Dagan 99, 117 Elmalı 175
Bahalat 166 Cekke 165 Daha(ya) 55, 72, 146 Elysian Fields 152
Bahçelievler 189 cella 75-76, 140-141, 143, 145 dahanga 147 Emar 20, 99, 109
Baîıbağı 45 cemetery 43, 46, 61, 156-157, 171, 182, 185-193 Damkina/Tapkina 112, 115 empire period 63, 65, 82, 108-160
Baltaik 117 Ceyhan 170 Dardanelles 16, 41 Enki 99
Bambyce 170 Chalcolithic 23-24, 27, 35-38, 40, 42 Darende 165 Enlil 99, 117, 125
Başpmar 43 Charon of Lampsacus 182 Dastarcon 170 entertainment 78, 148, 191
Batman Su 27 Chersiphron 183 Ddewe 174 enthusiast 134
Beldibi 27 Chimaera 175 dead 151-155, 176, 185 Enyo 169
Beİlerophon 174-175 chthonic (deİty, ete.) 33, 59, 70, 97, 103, 110- death 151-154 Ephesus 179
Berecynthia 189 111 deer (see also stag) 37, 45 epithets of gods 65, 69-70, 73, 92, 114, 116,
Beşiktepe 157 Cilicia 16, 36-37, 47-48, 63, 85, 93, 99, 164- Değirmentepe 157 147, 168, 173, 175, 178, 183, 188-189, 191-
Beycesultan 42-43, 51, 60 165, 168-169, 187 Delphi 184 192
Bin Tepe 185 Cilician Gates 16, 164, 188 Demeter Erra 93
bird orade Cimmerians 164, 179, 181 Demircihöyük 41-43, 61 Ereskigal 99, 118
Bitik vase 75, 79 Colophon 157 demons 112 Erewa 174
black color 79 Comana Cappadociae 101, 144, 169-170 Deucalion 190 Eribuski 101
Black Sea 16, 40, 53, 62 Comana Pontica 169-170 Deve Höyük 171 Eskişehir 188
blood 42-43, 83 Commagene 163, 167, 169 Didyma 184 Eskiyapar 75
Bodrum Kale 170 Corycus 122, 168 Dindymeian 189 Estan 70, 113
Ί
INDEX
Abara 114 Ancoz 167
Acemhöyük 20, 23, 52, 55, 57, 60 aniconic (cult object) 41, 76, 101, 139, 188
Aceramic Neoiithic 24, 29-31 Anitta 53, 56-57, 60, 64, 68, 70
Achaeans 85, 116, 177, 179 Ankuwa 72, 97, 113-114, 118, 143
Adad 54, 57 Antakya 27
Adonis 119, 190 Antalya 27-28
Aduntarri 99 Antiocheia Pisidiae 168, 171, 192
adyton 75 anthropomorphic (gods, cult objects) 25, 33,
Aegean 16-17, 20, 63, 156-157, 170 36, 41, 49, 60 with n. 127, 76, 92, 97, 101,
Aeolians 181 139
Anti-Taurus 16
Aeolis 158, 161, 182
Aezani 192 Antiphellus 174
Antu 99
afterlife 30, 35, 47, 151-154, 158
Anu(m) 54, 99, 123-124
Afyon 42, 139, 188
Anunnaki 99; cf. Primeval Gods
Agdistis 190-191
Apasa 179
Agdos 190
Aphrodite (also Fordisis, Pedrite) 173, 178
agrarian deity 71-72, 91-92, 97, 99, 106, 110,
111, 167, 190 Apollo 116, 170, 173, 175, 178-179, 183-184; A.
La(i)rbenus 178; A. Pleurenos 184; A.
Ahhiya(wa) 85, 716
Tarseus/Tarsios 170; A. Thyrxeus 173
Ahurhisar 139
Apollodorus 168
Ala 55, 88-89
Appu 127
Aiacahöyük 23, 37, 44-46, 55, 72, 145, 188
Aramaean 163, 166
Alaksandu 116
Aramaeans 163
Alalah 96, 98
Arinna 72, 74-75, 79, 110, 118, 144-145, 149
Alalu 123
Arkesimas 174
Allani 71, 89, 99, 101, 111, 118, 130
Arma 92, 168, 173, 177, 184
AJlanzu/Alasuwa 115, 166
Arnobius 191
AUatu(m) 99, 115
Arnuwanda I 90, 103
Alexander the Great 160, 182, 192
Arputa 167
Aiişar 23, 44, 51-52, 75
Arsalos 174
altar 30, 37, 41-42, 44, 61, 69, 71, 76, 79, 102,
Arslantaş 189
145-146, 174, 182, 188-189
Arslantepe 37
Alyattes 186
Artemis 170, 173, 178, 182, 190; A. of Coloe
(A)m(m)amma 114, 143
(Kulumsi) 183; A. Hphesia (Ibsimsi) 179,
Amanus 97, 126 182-183; A. Perasia 170; A. Polymastos 179;
Ammunki 99 A. Sardiane (Sfarda) 183
Amurrum 54, 57 Artemisium 179
Anaitis 169 Arzawa 63, 179
atman 89 Assanuwant 114
Annarumenzi 93 Asarlik 180
Anat 128 Asertu 128
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