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Religion in international politics and development: the World Bank and faith institutions PDF

224 Pages·2011·2.625 MB·English
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Religion in International Politics and Development MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd ii 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd iiii 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 Religion in International Politics and Development The World Bank and Faith Institutions John A. Rees Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations, University of Notre Dame Australia (Sydney) Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd iiiiii 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 © John A. Rees 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited The Lypiatts 15 Lansdown Road Cheltenham Glos GL50 2JA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. William Pratt House 9 Dewey Court Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011925751 ISBN 978 1 84980 308 3 Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire Printed and bound by MPG Books Group, UK 3 0 MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd iivv 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 Contents List of fi gures vi List of tables vii List of abbreviations viii Foreword by Scott M. Thomas x Acknowledgements xii Introduction xiv 1 The discourses of religion in international politics 1 2 Modelling religion in international relations 21 3 Religion and the discourse of development 46 4 Religion and the World Bank 75 5 Analyzing World Bank faith and development partnerships 100 6 The World Faiths Development Dialogue (1998–2005) 120 7 Development and the sacral defi cit 138 Appendix: WFDD phases of development (1998–2005) 150 Bibliography 153 Index 187 v MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd vv 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 Figures 1.1 Secular and sacral discourses of IR 5 1.2 Situating the integrated discourse of religion 19 2.1 Binding secular and sacral discourses 25 2.2 Integrating secular and sacral discourses 28 2.3 Situating secular and sacral interests in world politics 29 2.4 The dimension of global dynamics 31 2.5 The dynamics of religion model (1) 31 2.6 The dynamics of religion model (2) 33 2.7 The dynamics of religion model (3) 43 3.1 Situating the discourse of development in the dynamics of religion model 68 3.2 Situating Haynes’s typology of religious groups and political interaction (2000) in the dynamics of religion model 70 3.3 Situating Clarke’s typology of faith- based organizations (2008) in the dynamics of religion model 71 3.4 Borders of dispute between and within development ideologies on the dynamics of religion 73 4.1 The dynamics of religion infl uencing the WBG: secular, integrated and sacral elements 97 4.2 Borders of potential dispute between dynamics of religion at the WBG 98 5.1 Situating three WBG partnerships with faith institutions 116 5.2 Disputes in WBG faith and development partnerships 118 6.1 The dynamics of religion in the integration phase of the WBG- WFDD partnership 125 6.2 Dynamics of dispute in the contestation phase of the WBG- WFDD initiative 130 6.3 The disintegration of the WBG- WFDD partnership 137 vi MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd vvii 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 Tables 3.1 Number of articles with references to the listed keywords, by journal 49 3.2 The secular, integrated and sacral elements of religion in orthodox and critical development approaches 57 4.1 The World Bank and religion: secular and sacral dynamics 80 7.1 Classifying religious actors linked to the World Bank within a critical development typology of civil society actors 142 vii MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd vviiii 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 Abbreviations APRODEV Association of World Council of Churches related to Development Organizations in Europe ARC Alliance of Religions and Conservation CCIA Commission of the Churches on International Aff airs CDF Comprehensive Development Framework (World Bank) CGE Centre for the Study of Global Ethics (University of Birmingham) DIRGD Guatemalan Inter- religious Dialogue on Development DDVE Development Dialogue on Values and Ethics EIFDDA Ethiopian Interfaith Forum for Development Dialogue and Action FBOs faith- based organizations FC faith community FMG Friday Morning Group (World Bank) GPE global political economy HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative (World Bank) IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IFIs international fi nancial institutions IGO intergovernmental organization ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IIPE international political economy IO international organization IR international relations LDC less developed country MAP Multi- country AIDS Projects (World Bank) MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MOU Memorandum of Understanding (WBG- WFDD) viii MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd vviiiiii 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 Abbreviations ix NGO non- governmental organization PACANet Pan- African Christian AIDS Network PRSPs Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (World Bank) RGC responsible global capitalism SAPs structural adjustment programmes (World Bank) TAP Treatment Acceleration Program (World Bank) UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme WBG World Bank Group (WBG) WCC World Council of Churches WDR World Development Report WFDA Women, Faith and Development Alliance WFDD World Faiths Development Dialogue WFDD- B(1–16) World Faiths Development Dialogue Bulletins (1–16) WFDD- OP(1–5) World Faiths Development Dialogue Occasional Paper (1–5) WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization WWF World Wide Fund for Nature MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd iixx 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044 Foreword Scott M. Thomas There is now a growing literature bringing the concerns of culture and religion into our understanding of international relations, international development and international security. Where is one to begin reading, and what does one expect to fi nd in this reading? Also, where can one go for the kind of critical engagement with this literature that encourages us to step back and ask some of the larger, harder, questions – such as, while it might be easy to recognize why the study of culture and religion were marginalized in international relations, it is particulary more troublesome to ask, given the almost inherent religiosity of the global South, why culture and religion were marginalized for so long in the study of international development? What, therefore, is the purpose of bringing religion into our understanding of international development, and who is to do it, what is the agenda, who controls it and who benefi ts from doing this? What does it mean to talk about religious or ‘faith- based’ actors, and what do they bring that secular actors do not bring to the practice of international development; or is this even the right question to ask? This book by John Rees provocatively asks these kind of questions in an engaging way, but also in a way that directly tries to link theoretical debates to a very specifi c and very important case study – the rise and fall of the World Bank’s part- nerships with religious actors, and its participation in the World Faiths Development Dialogue, as the largest multilateral development institution in international development. The book begins by setting out a ‘dynamics of religion model’ – how sacred and secular elements are combined, how ideological diff erences separate religious actors, which maps out the terrain of the current debates, discourses and key scholars who have contributed to bringing religion into the study of international relations and international devel- opment. The book uses this model to evalute the often confl icting values, goals and assumptions behind the secular and religious organizations that have become indentifi ed with the ‘religious turn’ in international relations and international development. It is then from the case study of the World Bank that the book examines many of these crucial, critical, questions, x MM22668866 -- RREEEESS TTEEXXTT..iinndddd xx 2299//0077//22001111 1100::0044

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