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Religion and Innovation: Antagonists or Partners? PDF

321 Pages·2015·2.376 MB·English
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Religion and Innovation Also available from Bloomsbury Meditation in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, edited by Halvor Eifring Religion, Material Culture and Archaeology, Julian Droogan Secularization and Its Discontents, Rob Warner Religion and Innovation Antagonists or Partners? Edited by Donald A. Yerxa Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc LONDON • OXFORD • NEW YORK • NEW DELHI • SYDNEY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2016 © Donald A. Yerxa and Contributors, 2016 Donald A. Yerxa has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Editor of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the editor. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-1-4725-9101-2 PB: 978-1-4725-9128-9 ePDF: 978-1-4725-9102-9 ePub: 978-1-4725-9100-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Religion and innovation: antagonists or partners? / edited by Donald A. Yerxa. – 1 [edition]. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4725-9101-2 (hb) – ISBN 978-1-4725-9128-9 (pb) – ISBN 978-1-4725-9100-5 (epub) – ISBN 978-1-4725-9102-9 (epdf) 1. Religion and culture. 2. Civilization, Modern. 3. Technology–Religious aspects. I. Yerxa, Donald A., 1950- editor. BL65.C8R4445 2015 201’.7–dc23 2015017884 Typeset by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Contents List of Figures and Tables vii Acknowledgements x Introduction Donald A. Yerxa 1 Part 1 Religion and Innovation in Pre-Columbian Societies 9 1 Innovation, Religion and Authority at the Formative Period Andean Cult Centre of Chavín de Huántar John W. Rick 11 2 Religion and Political Innovation in Ancient Mesoamerica Arthur A. Joyce and Sarah B. Barber 27 3 Religious Innovation at the Emerald Acropolis: Something New under the Moon Timothy R. Pauketat and Susan M. Alt 43 Part 2 Religion and Innovation: Naturalism, Scientific Progress, Enlightenment and Secularization 57 4 The First Enlightenment: The Patristic Roots of Religious Freedom Timothy Samuel Shah 59 5 Religion, Innovation and Secular Modernity Peter Harrison 74 6 Religion, Scientific Naturalism and Historical Progress Peter Harrison 87 7 Religion, Enlightenment and the Paradox of Innovation, c. 1650–1760 William J. Bulman and Robert G. Ingram 100 8 Remembering the Reformation, 1817 and 1883: Commemorating the Past as Agent and Mirror of Social Change Thomas Albert Howard 113 9 Secularization and Religious Innovation: A Transatlantic Comparison David Hempton and Hugh McLeod 126 10 Christian Transnationalists, Nationhood and the Construction of Civil Society Dana L. Robert 141 Part 3 Religion, Progress and Innovation in the Contemporary World 157 11 Sin, Guilt and the Future of Progress Wilfred M. McClay 159 12 Religious Innovation and Economic Empowerment in India: An Empirical Exploration Rebecca Samuel Shah 176 13 Century of Progress? Chicago after Daniel Burnham Philip H. Bess 194 14 Technologies of Imagination: Secularism, Transhumanism and the Idiom of Progress J. Benjamin Hurlbut 213 Afterword: Innovation and Religion, Today and Tomorrow Adam Keiper 229 Notes 237 Selected Bibliography 285 Contributors 295 Index 299 vi Contents List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Artist’s reconstruction of Chavín de Huántar at its maximum extension, between 850 and 500 BCE. A human figure serves for scale in the large square plaza on the left. Drawing by Miguel Ortiz 16 1.2 Examples of Complex Stamped Chavín pottery, the end result of an intricate Chavín innovation; item in lower right is a fragment of one of the stamps used to create these designs 17 1.3 Example of low-relief granite plaque from Chavín’s Circular Plaza, showing feline design and, particularly, the inset right angle cuts bordering the main figure and the raised frame around the figure 19 1.4 Part of one of Chavín’s underground canals, with right angles interconnecting segments, and formal entrance staircase (far left) 20 1.5 View showing major risk factors at the site of Chavín (lower central area), including pathway of major landslides (narrow descending white arrow), constantly slipping hillslope (wide white arrow) and original direction and energy impact of the Mosna River (white arrow entering from left); directions of site’s architectural growth are shown by smaller black arrows 23 2.1 Map of the Lower Río Verde Valley and the Valley of Oaxaca showing sites mentioned in the text 27 2.2 Religious objects from the Terminal Formative in the lower Río Verde Valley: (a) Carved bone flute found with a burial at Yugüe (after Figure 6.12 in Arthur A. Joyce, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos: Ancient Peoples of Southern Mexico [Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010]); (b) Rain Deity mask from an offering at Cerro de la Virgen 32 2.3 San José Mogote Monument 3 (after Figure 1.3 in Javier Urcid, The Zapotec Scribal Tradition: Knowledge, Memory, and Society in Ancient Oaxaca (Coral Gables, FL: Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies Inc., 2005) www.famsi.org/zapotecwriting/; redrawn with permission from Javier Urcid 35 2.4 The Main Plaza of Monte Albán (after Figure 5.3 in Joyce, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos) 36 2.5 Late Formative period carved stone monuments from Monte Albán’s Main Plaza: (a) Young adult from the first rank in the lower row of Building L-sub (after Figure 5.5c in Joyce, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos; redrawn with permission from Javier Urcid); (b) Elder with beard from the upper rank of Building L-sub (after Figure 5.5b in Joyce, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos; redrawn with permission from Javier Urcid); (c) Rain god impersonator from the upper rank of Building L-sub (after Figure 5.5d in Joyce, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos; redrawn with permission from Javier Urcid); (d) Slab depicting a possibly revered ancestor (after Figure 41 in Alfonso Caso, ‘Calendario y escritura de las antiguas culturas de Monte Albán’, Obras completas de Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 1 (1947): 116–43); (e) Monument J-41 (after Figure 5.6d in Joyce, Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos; redrawn with permission from Javier Urcid) 37 3.1 Plan map showing location of Cahokia’s three precincts 46 3.2 Plan map of the Emerald acropolis showing mound locations; white dashed lines indicate uncertain mound locations while black dashed lines indicate confirmed mound locations (based on airborne LiDAR scan, used with permission of Illinois State Archaeology Survey) 48 3.3 Graph showing the numbers of early Cahokia-Mississippian sites documented in the Emerald Archaeological Project survey with distance from the Emerald acropolis 50 3.4 Plan map of excavation block 2 section, showing temple F157 and adjacent building outlines (F157 short axis azimuth is 067.01 degrees) 52 3.5 Plan map of council house F110 in excavation block 1 (northwest to southeast azimuth is 120.0 degrees) 53 13.1 Classical Humanist Urbanism: Left: The Ghent Altarpiece (1432, detail), Paradise as New Eden and New Jerusalem. Centre: The World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago (1893). Right: Proposed City Hall and Plaza, Plan of Chicago (1909). All images in the public domain 196 13.2 Chicago 2109: Land Use, existing and proposed. Courtesy Philip Bess 208 13.3 Chicago 2109: The Once and Future Civic Centre. Three images courtesy Philip Bess 209 13.4 Chicago 2109. Left: Civic Axis/Sacred Axis Crossing, plan diagram. Right: Preliminary perspective study. Courtesy Philip Bess 210 13.5 Chicago 2109. Top: Columbian Exposition Boulevard, partial elevation looking west. Bottom left: Civic Axis/Sacred Axis, aerial perspective looking northwest. Bottom right: Columbian Exposition Boulevard/ Sacred Axis, perspective looking north. Courtesy Philip Bess 210 viii List of Figures and Tables Tables 3.1 Inventory of Buildings in Emerald Archaeological Project Excavations 51 12.1 Percentage of Micro-Entrepreneurs Who Tithe/Give Zakat According to Frequency and Religious Tradition for 2011, 2012 and 2013 185 12.2 Percentage of Micro-Entrepreneurs Who Own or Rent Their Homes 187 12.3 Percentage of Micro-Entrepreneurs Who Sought Help to Stop Domestic Violence Source 190 List of Figures and Tables ix

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