Religion and Development in the Global South PDF
Preview Religion and Development in the Global South
RELIGION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH Rumy Hasan Religion and Development in the Global South Rumy Hasan Religion and Development in the Global South Rumy Hasan University of Sussex Brighton, UK ISBN 978-3-319-57062-4 ISBN 978-3-319-57063-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57063-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017938540 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover design by Samantha Johnson Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to my late father, Dr. Ahmed Muzaffar Hasan. Acknowledgements I should like to thank Grace Jackson, commissioning editor; April James, assistant editor; and other colleagues at Palgrave Macmillan for their support. The staff at Sussex University Library and at the British Library for Development Studies at the Institute of Development Studies were always most helpful with my enquiries. As always, warm appreciation goes to Paola, who read the whole manuscript, made numerous suggestions and corrections, and always provided encourage- ment and support. Chapter 4 is an expansion of a paper “Is Rodney Stark correct on the reasons for the West’s economic success?”, published in Journal of Religion and Society, vol. 18, 2016. vii Contents 1 Introduction: The Nexus Between Religion and Development 1 Insights from Weber’s the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism 1 Limitations of Economic Analysis 14 The Challenge of Lewis and Myrdal 22 Women and Development 26 Corruption and Development 29 Freedom and Development 32 References 35 2 Islam and Development 41 Present-Day Socio-economic Situation 41 Reasons for Low Development 49 Health and Economic Impact of Religious Duties 66 Low Status of Women 72 Corruption 74 References 75 ix x Contents 3 India, Hinduism and Development 79 Key Socio-economic Indicators 79 Main Characteristics of Hinduism and the Centrality of Caste 80 Phule, Ambedkar and Periyar’s Critique of Hinduism 95 The Impact of the Caste System on Modern India 99 Gender Inequality 104 Corruption 107 Concluding Remarks 111 References 112 4 Christianity and Development 115 Christian Doctrines Concerning Wealth and the Economy 116 Christian Rituals 120 Socio-economic Situation of the Modern Christian World 126 Corruption 142 Political Freedom 145 Degree of Religiosity 146 Status of Women 147 References 151 5 Confucianism and Development 155 Key Confucian Precepts 155 Weber and Confucianism 164 China’s Economic Performance Since 1 CE 171 Key Socio-economic Indicators of the Confucian Culture Area 174 Confucianism and Women 177 Confucianism, Asian Values and Modernity 180 Concluding Remarks 186 References 188 6 Conclusion 191 Population Growth, Climate Change and Migration 192 Conflicts and Wars 195 Religion and Cognitive Development 198 Contents xi Striking Correlations 207 References 211 Index 213 List of Tables Table 2.1 Data for Muslim-majority countries (2010 estimates) 43 Table 3.1 GDP per capita (dollars) for various countries and regions from 1 CE–2003 CE 80 Table 4.1 Data for Christian-majority countries (2010 estimates) 128 Table 4.2 Christian-majority countries with low HDI 131 Table 4.3 GDP per capita and extent of religiosity 146 Table 5.1 GDP per capita (dollars) for various countries and regions from 1 CE–2003 CE 171 Table 5.2 Shares of world GDP 1700–2003 (%) 172 Table 5.3 Rates of growth of world GDP 1700–2003 (%) 172 Table 5.4 Religious breakdown of confucian culture area countries (data for 2012 in %) 174 Table 5.5 Socio-economic indicators of the confucian culture area 176 xiii
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