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Religion and Civil Society in Europe PDF

319 Pages·2013·3.168 MB·English
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Joep de Hart Paul Dekker Loek Halman Editors Religion and Civil Society in Europe Religion and Civil Society in Europe Joep de Hart (cid:129) Paul Dekker (cid:129) Loek Halman Editors Religion and Civil Society in Europe Editors Joep de Hart Paul Dekker The Netherlands Institute for Social Tilburg University/The Netherlands Research | SCP Institute for Social Research | SCP The Hague , The Netherlands Tilburg/The Hague , The Netherlands Loek Halman Department of Sociology Tilburg University Tilburg , The Netherlands ISBN 978-94-007-6814-7 ISBN 978-94-007-6815-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6815-4 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013944287 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Note on the European Values Study as Main Data Source Many of the contributions in this book make use of the survey data collected by the European Values Study. This longitudinal and international comparative survey research project started collecting data in 1981 for the fi rst time in all, then, European Community member states and organised repeat surveys with a time interval of 9 years in an expanding number of countries. The latest wave of surveys took place in 2008 in all European countries, not only members of the European Union but also in candidate states and beyond, up to Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The latter country is, however, excluded from the analyses because of poor data quality. The questionnaires used contain items about a range of life issues, such as religion and morality, society including volunteering and citizenship, politics, family life and relations, work and leisure time. The English Master questionnaire was translated in all national languages according to strict rules and using a webtool specially deve- loped for this purpose. In all countries random samples were drawn and at least 1,500 cases were interviewed face to face. Sweden is an exception, because there postal surveys were applied. All steps taken are fully documented and publicly avail- able at Gesis data archive in Cologne. The data can be downloaded free of charge via ZACAT ( z acat.gesis.org/webview ) . That website also offers extensive possi- bilities to analyse the data online, even for nonstatistical experts. Basic analyses can also be made via an educational website that has been developed in close collabora- tion between Tilburg University and Fontys University of Applied Sciences in Tilburg. From this website, maps of Europe can be made of all substantive items in the questionnaire: www.atlasofeuropeanvalues.eu . Maps are also presented in the Atlas of European Values (Brill Academic Publishers). Further detailed information about the project and data is available in the sourcebook which have been produced on the previous waves (Loek Halman, Ronald Inglehart, Jaime Díez-M edrano, Ruud Luijkx, Alejandro Moreno & Miguel Basáñez (2008), Changing Values and beliefs in 85 Countries. Leiden & Boston: Brill) and which will be produced on the latest dataset (in 2013). The latter also includes data from previous waves (provisional v vi Note on the European Values Study as Main Data Source title: European values in European Values in Numbers. Trends and Traditions at the turn of the Century) and will appear in the Brill series on European values ( http:// www.brill.com/publications/european-values-studies ) . More information on the European Values Study project is available at w ww.europeanvaluesstudy.eu . The Hague, The Netherlands Joep de Hart Tilburg/The Hague, The Netherlands Paul Dekker Tilburg, The Netherlands Loek Halman Acknowledgements This book brings together contributions about the role of religion in contemporary European civil societies. Our goal was to bring together a diverse group of scholars for a broad coverage of aspects of civil society and regions of Europe. We started more than 5 years ago to discuss the key issues by inviting not only theologians and students of comparative religion but also sociologists of religion, historians and civil society scholars. The history of developing chapters was marked by two confe- rences, fi nancially supported by the CINEFOGO European network of excellence. One was hosted by the Dutch WRR (Scientifi c Council for Government Policy) in The Hague (on October 24–25, 2008) and the other by the Ersta Sköndal University College in Stockholm (on September 17–19, 2009). We are greatly indebted to these organisations for their support. Besides The Netherlands Institute for Social Research | SCP and Tilburg University as our prime employers for awarding us time and facilities to complete this project, Joep de Hart and Paul Dekker want to thank, respectively, the Protestant Theological University (PThU) and the Synthesis Foundation for their additional support. Further, we wish to express our appreciation for the willingness of all authors to repeatedly and decisively respond to our comments and those of the reviewers. Finally, we are grateful to the publisher and especially Hendrikje Tuerlings for being so patient. The Hague and Tilburg Joep de Hart Paul Dekker Loek Halman vii Contents 1 Introduction: European Diversity and Divergences ............................ 1 Joep de Hart, Paul Dekker, and Loek Halman 2 Religion and Civil Society: Theoretical Refl ections ............................. 13 David Herbert 3 Religion, State and Civil Society in Europe: Triangular Entanglements ..................................................................... 47 John T.S. Madeley 4 The Dynamics of Civil Society: Density, Age, Fertility and Completeness in the Religious Voluntary Sector .......................... 69 Sigrid Roßteutscher 5 Secularization and the Sources of Morality: Religion and Morality in Contemporary Europe................................. 87 Loek Halman and Erik van Ingen 6 Social Trust and Religion in Sweden: Theological Belief Versus Social Organization ..................................... 109 Susanne Wallman Lundåsen and Lars Trägårdh 7 Religion and Civil Society in Italy and in Other Latin Countries ................................................................ 125 Franco Garelli 8 Secular Values, Religious Beliefs and Civil Life: A Comparative Analysis of Helping Values and Behaviour ................ 147 Kingsley Purdam and Ingrid Storm 9 Religion, Spirituality and Civic Participation ...................................... 169 Joep de Hart and Paul Dekker 10 The Spiritual Revolution and Social Capital in Denmark .................. 189 Peter Lüchau ix

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