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Relating Trainees' Personal Development to Their Leeuwin II Ocean Adventure by Dianne ... PDF

256 Pages·2014·1.53 MB·English
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Relating Trainees’ Personal Development to Their Leeuwin II Ocean Adventure by Dianne Ashworth BSW (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Deakin University August 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family for their love and support throughout the many years of my PhD journey. A special thanks to William and Simon who understood why their mum moved from Melbourne to Geelong to undertake this research. Now it is complete, it is so good to be back with you all! A PhD journey can have many twists and turns, and mine was no different. Thank you to my associate supervisors, Associate Professor Liz Eckermann and Associate Professor Rohan Bastin for being there if I needed them. A very special thank you to my principle supervisor, Dr Phil Connors who unequivocally believed in my ability and allowed me to do things ‘my way’! I would also like to thank my friends for understanding my absence(s) and at times distraction over the last six years. Finally, while this is not a thank you, I would like to acknowledge Matthew and his family. I dedicate this thesis to Matthew, and hope his family can find solace in this research. Contents CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................... 1 SEA-ING YOUNG PEOPLE’S IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT: AN INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 PREAMBLE ......................................................................................................... 1 YOUNG PEOPLE’S RELATIONSHIP WITH AN INDIVIDUALISED SOCIETY ............................................................................................................. 4 YOUNG PEOPLE’S CONTEMPORARY TRANSITIONS INTO ADULTHOOD ..................................................................................................... 6 FEMALE CONTEMPORARY TRANSITIONS INTO ADULTHOOD ............ 8 INDIGENOUS YOUNG PEOPLE’S CONTEMPORARY TRANSITIONS INTO ADULTHOOD .......................................................................................... 9 YOUNG PEOPLE’S SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN AN INDIVIDUALISED LIFE .................................................................................................................... 11 YOUNG PEOPLE’S IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT AND OUTDOOR ADVENTURE .................................................................................................... 12 YOUNG PEOPLE’S IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE .................................................................................................. 13 CONCEPTUALISING THE RESEARCH ........................................................ 14 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 15 RESEARCH DESIGN ....................................................................................... 20 CHARTING THE CHAPTERS ......................................................................... 23 ANCHORS AWAY ........................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................ 25 OUTDOOR ADVENTURE: A LITERATURE REVIEW .................................... 25 PREAMBLE ....................................................................................................... 25 DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES ...................................................................... 28 LEADERSHIP .................................................................................................... 29 SELF CONCEPT ............................................................................................... 30 ACADEMIC ....................................................................................................... 32 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS ............................................................ 33 RESILIENCE ..................................................................................................... 35 PERSONALITY ................................................................................................. 36 ADVENTURESOMENESS ............................................................................... 38 TYING UP THE OUTCOMES .......................................................................... 38 HOW AND WHY OUTDOOR ADVENTURE WORKS ..................................... 40 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT: THE WILDERNESS ...................................... 41 WILDERNESS AS CONTRAST ...................................................................... 42 PARTICIPANT PROCESSING ......................................................................... 43 THE SOLO ......................................................................................................... 44 THE GROUP ...................................................................................................... 44 ACTIVITIES: CHALLENGE AND RISK ........................................................ 45 THE INSTRUCTOR .......................................................................................... 47 TRADITION IN THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY ....................................... 48 A RITE OF PASSAGE ...................................................................................... 50 LIMINALITY AND COMMUNITAS .............................................................. 52 THE PARTICIPANT ......................................................................................... 55 CONCLUDING REMARKS ............................................................................. 56 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................... 58 THEORISING YOUNG PEOPLE’S IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT AND OUTDOOR ADVENTURE IN AN INDIVIDUALISED SOCIETY ................... 58 PREAMBLE ....................................................................................................... 58 AGENCY ........................................................................................................... 60 SOCIAL STRUCTURE ..................................................................................... 63 SOCIAL DIMENSIONS .................................................................................... 64 SOCIAL FIELDS ............................................................................................... 65 HABITUS ........................................................................................................... 67 HABITUS AND FREE AGENCY ..................................................................... 69 SOCIAL FIELDS AND FREE AGENCY ......................................................... 70 SOCIAL FIELDS AS INITIATION .................................................................. 73 HABITUS AND COMMUNITAS ..................................................................... 74 HABITUS, TRADITION AND CONTEMPORARY MILIEU ........................ 75 THE SUTRA OF THE ELEPHANT AND THE BLIND MEN ........................ 77 CONCLUDING REMARKS ............................................................................. 78 CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................................................... 80 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE FIELD OF THE LEEUWIN II TALL SHIP ..... 80 PREAMBLE ....................................................................................................... 80 BOARD MEMBERS: INTRODUCING THE FIELD ...................................... 82 LEEUWIN II WORKERS: DESCRIBING THE FIELD .................................. 84 MY JOURNAL .................................................................................................. 89 Day 1 .................................................................................................................. 90 Day 2 .................................................................................................................. 92 Day 3 .................................................................................................................. 94 Day 4 .................................................................................................................. 96 Day 5 .................................................................................................................. 97 Day 6 .................................................................................................................. 99 WORKER PERSPECTIVES: TRAINEE DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES .......................................................................................................................... 101 WORKER PERSPECTIVES: HOW AND WHY THE LEEUWIN II FIELD WORKS ............................................................................................................ 106 CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................... 110 CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................................................... 112 CATEGORY ONE – ADOLESCENTS ............................................................... 112 PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................... 112 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................... 112 SENSE OF SELF: CONFIDENCE .................................................................. 112 SENSE OF SELF: ACCOMPLISHMENT ...................................................... 115 INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS ......................................................... 115 COMMUNICATION ....................................................................................... 117 FEELING FREE ............................................................................................... 118 ADVENTURESOMENESS ............................................................................. 119 CONSEQUENCES .......................................................................................... 120 PROCESSING: THE IMAGINED .................................................................. 120 SENSE OF SELF: ADULTHOOD .................................................................. 121 ADULTHOOD: WHAT IS IT? ............................................................................ 123 RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................... 123 INDEPENDENCE AND CHOICE .................................................................. 123 IDENTITY ....................................................................................................... 124 A SOCIAL DEFINITION ................................................................................ 125 EXPERIENCE .................................................................................................. 126 HOW AND WHY THE LEEUWIN II ADVENTURE WORKS ........................ 126 RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................... 126 WORKERS ...................................................................................................... 129 SUPPORT ........................................................................................................ 129 ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................ 130 TEAMWORK .................................................................................................. 131 EQUALITY ...................................................................................................... 132 PEERS .............................................................................................................. 133 CONTRAST ..................................................................................................... 133 COMMUNITAS ............................................................................................... 134 NEW: RELATIONSHIPS ................................................................................ 136 NEW: ACTIVITIES AND CHALLENGE ...................................................... 137 A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE ........................................................................... 138 PROCESSING AND REFLECTING .............................................................. 139 CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................... 140 CHAPTER SIX ........................................................................................................ 142 CATEGORY TWO – POST ADOLESCENTS ................................................... 142 PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................... 142 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................... 143 SENSE OF SELF: CONFIDENCE .................................................................. 143 SENSE OF SELF: ACCOMPLISHMENT ...................................................... 144 LEADERSHIP .................................................................................................. 144 AWAKENING IDENTITY ............................................................................. 145 SENSE OF SELF: ADULTHOOD .................................................................. 146 POST ADOLESCENTS OR RESISTING ADULTHOOD ............................. 148 AN ADULT: WHAT IS IT? ................................................................................ 149 RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................... 149 CONSEQUENCE ............................................................................................. 150 A SOCIAL DEFINITION ................................................................................ 151 EXPERIENCE .................................................................................................. 153 HOW AND WHY THE LEEUWIN II ADVENTURE WORKS ........................ 155 CONTRAST AND RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................... 155 LEADERSHIP AND RESPONSIBILITY ....................................................... 156 PROCESSING AND REFLECTING .............................................................. 157 TEAMWORK AND CHALLENGE ................................................................ 159 A NEW EXPERIENCE .................................................................................... 160 COMMUNITAS ............................................................................................... 162 CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................... 163 CHAPTER SEVEN .................................................................................................. 165 CATEGORY THREE PAST TRAINEES ........................................................... 165 PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................... 165 PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................... 166 SENSE OF SELF: CONFIDENCE .................................................................. 166 SENSE OF SELF: ACCOMPLISHMENT ...................................................... 169 INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS .......................................................... 170 TEAMWORK .................................................................................................. 170 ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ....................................................................... 172 NO DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................... 172 AMBIVALENCE ............................................................................................. 174 SENSE OF SELF: ADULTHOOD .................................................................. 175 ADULTHOOD: WHAT IS IT? ............................................................................ 177 EXPERIENCE .................................................................................................. 177 RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................... 178 RESPECT ......................................................................................................... 178 INDEPENDENCE AND RESPONSIBILITY ................................................. 179 A SOCIAL DEFINITION ................................................................................ 181 HOW AND WHY THE LEEUWIN II ADVENTURE WORKS ........................ 181 RESPONSIBILITY .......................................................................................... 181 A NEW EXPERIENCE .................................................................................... 185 ACTIVITIES: CHALLENGE AND RISK ...................................................... 188 WORKERS ...................................................................................................... 189 RELATIONSHIPS ........................................................................................... 191 TEAMWORK .................................................................................................. 192 COMMUNITAS ............................................................................................... 192 CONCLUDING REMARKS ........................................................................... 196 CHAPTER EIGHT ................................................................................................... 199 CONCLUSIONS AND BEGINNINGS ............................................................... 199 PREAMBLE ..................................................................................................... 199 A SENSE OF CONFIDENCE ......................................................................... 201

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