Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation

325 Pages·2007·2.86 MB·English

by  Aaron J. Shenhar & Dov Dvir

REINVENTING
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
REINVENTING
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
The
DIAMOND APPROACH
TO SUCCESSFUL GROWTH
AND INNOVATION
Aaron J. Shenhar ♦ Dov Dvir
Harvard Business School Press
Boston, Massachusetts
Copyright 2007 Aaron J. Shenhar and Dov Dvir
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
11 10 09 08 07 5 4 3 2 1
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to
[email protected] or mailed to Permissions, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60
Harvard Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02163.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Shenhar, Aaron
Reinventing Project Management: The Diamond Approach to Successful Growth and Innovation: the
diamond approach to successful growth and innovation / Aaron J. Shenhar and Dov Dvir.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-1-59139-800-4 (hardcover: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-59139-800-2
1. Project management. I. Dvir, Dov. II. Title.
HD69.P75S52 2007
658.4'092—dc22
2007009137
The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for
Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives Z39.48-1992.
To our children
Ayelet, Galit, and Ben
and
Ori, Hilla, and Omer
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
PART ONE
A NEW MODEL FOR MANAGING PROJECTS
1. Why Your Business Success Depends on Projects
2. What Makes a Project Successful
3. The Diamond Framework
PART TWO
THE FOUR BASES OF SUCCESSFUL PROJECTS
4. Novelty
5. Technology
6. Complexity
7. Pace
PART THREE
PUTTING THE DIAMOND APPROACH TO WORK
8. Managing Projects for Business Innovation
9. Managing Projects Within the Existing Organization
10. How Markets and Industries Affect Project Management
11. Reinventing Project Management: The Diamond Approach to
Successful Growth and Innovation for Your Organization
RESEARCH APPENDIXES
1. Our Research Steps
2. Project Success Assessment Questionnaire
3A. Building the Contingency Approach to Project Management
3B. Project Classification Questionnaire
3C. Principles and Design of Classification Systems
4. Project Novelty and Traditional Project Management
5A. Empirical Results for Project Technology
5B. Project Technology and Traditional Project Management
6A. Empirical Results for Project Complexity
6B. Project Complexity and Traditional Project Management
7. Project Pace and Traditional Project Management

Notes
Index
About the Authors
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
There are never too many people to thank, particularly for a work that
extended beyond a decade and a half, with its seeds planted even earlier. My
early inspiration came from Ze’ev Bonen, Rafael’s CEO, who has always
promoted the idea that projects differ and who developed a four-type
categorization of projects, which later inspired this research. I will ever be
grateful to him and to some exceptional managers such as Yorm Valfish,
Reuven Regev, Aharale Shapira, and Giora Shalgi, who taught me the art of
project management and demonstrated what excellence really means.
As a practitioner turned academician, I was lost at first, and I needed
guidance in uncharted territory. My new colleagues at Tel-Aviv University,
Dov Eden, Shimcha Ronen, Asya Pazy, Zeev Neumann, Niv Ahituv, Yair
Aharoni, Zvi Adar, Shlomo Globerson, Boaz Ronen, Israel Shpigler, Gadi
Ariav, Igal Ayal, Yechiel Zif, Shoshi Anily, Yehuda Kahane, Yair Tauman,
Avraham Beza, Elie Segev, and Dalia Etzion, helped to keep my thinking
straight and my standards high within a unique culture of strong scholarship.
Their support and energy never failed; I will forever cherish what they taught
me.
A great deal of the research that Dov and I did for this book was
performed in collaboration with others. The friendship and interaction with
these outstanding colleagues made this endeavor particularly rewarding. They
are Asher Tishler, Avi Grossfeld-Nir, Tzvi Raz, Hans Thamhain, Dragan
Milosevic, Andy Sage, Stanislav Lipovetsky, Paul Adler, Yechiel Shulman,
Joca Stefanovic, Rias van Wyk, Ofer Levy, Alan Maltz, Michael Poli,
Richard Reilly, Brian Sauser, Jerry Mulenberg, Zvi Ahronson, Peerasit
Patanakul, Thomas Lechler, William Guth, Gus Gaynor, Alex Laufer,
Shlomo Alkaher, Arik Sadeh, Amnon Shefi, Daniel Kuhn, Michael Cooper,
Larry French, Gary Lynn, Lynn Crawford, Max Wideman, Scott Fricke,
Sabin Srivannaboon, Moshe Ayal, Tim Phelan, Nancy Tighe, Ayala Malach-
Pines, Arie Ben-David, and Michael Ryan.
Other colleagues and scholars were no less supportive. Often reading
drafts of the work or engaging in discussions about it, they offered advice and
encouragement that put me back on track more than once. Such people as
Clayton Christensen, Jim Collins, David Cleland, Ed Roberts, Ralph Katz,
Karlos Arrto, Alan Pearson, Rodney Turner, Jeff Butler, Dundar Kocaolgu,
Peter Morris, Rajan Anand, Pritesh Shah, Bob Mason, Ari Plonski, Dick
Cardozo, George Farris, Harold Linstone, Isak Kruglianskas, Janice Thomas,
Louis Lefebvre, Mel Silverman, Miriam Erez, Yehouda Shenhav, Josh
Weston, Elie Geisler, Roberto Sbragia, Jacob Levy, and Roland Gareis were
an inseparable part of this journey. I was often inspired by the works of great
scholars, including Kathleen Eisenhardt, Michael Tushman, Robert
Burgleman, Rebecca Henderson, Christoph Loch, Kim Klark, Steve
Wheelwright, Richard Rosenbloom, Dorothy Leonard, James Utterback, Tom
Allen, Gary Pisano, Marco Iansiti, Harold Kerzner, Gideon Kunda, Jeff
Pinto, Terry Williams, Tim Kloppenborg, Alan McCormack, Stephen
Thomke, Eric von Hippel, Geoffrey Moore, and Andy van de Ven.
Administrators and colleagues at Stevens Institute of Technology
provided a highly supportive environment. This group includes Harold
Raveche, James Tietjen, Jerry Hultin, Arthur Shapiro, Lex McCuster, George
Korfiatis, Edward Friedman, Erich Kunhardt, Peter Koen, Murrae Bowden,
Audrey Curtis, Ted Stohr, Ann Mooney, Hosen Fallah, Steve Savitz, Donald
Merino, Tim Koeller, Bernard Gallois, Bernard Skwon, Dinesh Verma, Bob
Ubell, Charles Suffel, Christos Christodoulatos, Dinesh Verma, Elliot
Fishman, Frank Fernandez, Helena Wisniewski, Jerry Luftman, Joe Moeller,
Jeff Nickerson, Larry Gastwirt, Patrick Berzinski, Lem Tarshis, Lu
Terminello, Pete Dominick, Peter Jurkat, Mary Gaspar, Melissa Vinch, and
Susan Pavelchack.
We are extremely indebted to many executives and employees in industry
and government who supported this work in so many ways within their
organizations. To each of the following people, we express our hope that this
work may reward their efforts in some way: Sefi Katzenelson and Iris Elia-
Shaul at Mafat, the Israeli Minsitry of Defense; Ed Hoffman, Lewis Peach,
David Holdridge, Tony Maturo, Jon Boyle, Jerry Mulenburg, and Bruce
Sauser at NASA; Harry Stefanou, Ed Andrews, Eva Godlman, Shellie
Gaddy, Mary Devon, and Ed Miller at PMI; Karen Sorenson, Tony
Rodriguez, Pamela Au, and Mike Bakaletz at Johnson & Johnson; Carole
Hedden, Greg Hamilton, and Tony Velocci at Aviation Week; David
Gutman, Joe Incremona, Barry Dayton, Ron Kubinski, and Mark Hynnek at
3M; Dennis Dorman and Paul Glamn at Trane; Jim Schneidmuller at AT&T;
Mike Devine, Joe Lehman, and Vic Lindner at U.S. Army ARDEC; Paul
Malinowski and Brendan McDonald at Becton Dickenson; Cheryl Badger
and Mike Salvatore at Dow Jones & Co.; Tom Rabaut at United Defense; Joe
Hennessey and Don Senich at NSF; Roy Nicolosi at ISO; and Miles Braffett
at BMG.
But the finest gratitude goes to the many students whose endless
intelligence and inquisitive minds kept reminding me how much I don’t
know. They were the real drivers of this research by offering invaluable ideas
and helping produce some of its case studies. This group includes Atish
Babu, Donald Olson, Tim Phelan, William Sverapa, Doris Schultz, Michael
Peled, Shlomo Klein, Zadok Hougui, Arie Lagerwaard, Paula Richards, Brian
Cohn, Brian Nofzinger, David Walden, Kevin Lay, Zvi Yami, Derek Jensen,
Givi Peradze, Balazs Vandor, Nancy Conrad, Maureen Lanucci, Arnold Lo,
Stefan Merino, David Morgan, Seham Salazar, Daniel Marionni, Marc
Martinez, Steve Szalanczi, Randall Vendetti, Xiang Yu, Anthony Mueller,
Jody Berk, Kevin Pettersen, Mani Guruswamy, Mohesh Punjabi, Chris
Switzer, Paul Tupaczewski, Nilesh Shringarpure, John Tracy, Ned Rogers,
David Walter, Matthew Gilvey, Durga Bhogal, Fernando de la Vega,
Deborah Ehrlich, Stan Jadwinski, Chris Long, Raj Sundar, Brian Coughlin,
Mark Eppedio, Sumen Gupta, Joyce Jordan, Darren Birmingham, Alan
Bader, Biren Desai, Jinsoo Kim, William Judge, Milton Maisonet, Darryl
Clark, Michele Macleod, Wesley Patterson, Shashi Sinha, Anand Chouthai,
Shawn Hopkins, Kalyan Narayanan, Nick Stampone, Eda Kilic, Jorymel
Shada Jaquinet, and Todd Dennison.
Several agencies supported this research at different phases. We are
indebted to them for their generous help and for their trust in this direction.
They are Israeli Ministry of Defense, Mafat, the National Science
Foundation, the Project Management Institute, and the Center for Project and
Program Management Research at NASA’s USRA.
Dov and I owe special thanks to Kirsten Sandberg, our editor at Harvard
Business School Press. She was a wonderful mentor, teacher, and colleague
and an outstanding friend who never failed to get the best from us. And to the
rest of the Harvard Business School Publishing team, Dino Malvone,