Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocode 2 PDF
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Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering Giandomenico Toniolo Marco di Prisco Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocode 2 English Edition by Michele Win Tai Mak Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering (STCE) publishes the latest developments in Civil Engineering—quickly, informally and in top quality. The series scope includes monographs, professional books, graduate textbooks and edited volumes, aswellasoutstandingPh.D.theses.Itsgoalistocoverallthemainbranchesofcivil engineering, both theoretical and applied, including: Construction and Structural Mechanics Building Materials Concrete, Steel and Timber Structures Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Engineering Coastal Engineering Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Structural Health and Monitoring Surveying and Geographical Information Systems Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Transportation and Traffic Risk Analysis Safety and Security Tosubmitaproposalorrequestfurtherinformation,pleasecontact:PierpaoloRiva at [email protected], or Li Shen at [email protected] More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15088 Giandomenico Toniolo Marco di Prisco (cid:129) Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocode 2 English Edition by Michele Win Tai Mak 123 Giandomenico Toniolo Marcodi Prisco Department ofCivil andEnvironmental Department ofCivil andEnvironmental Engineering Engineering Politecnico di Milano Politecnico di Milano Milan Milan Italy Italy Publisher and Authors acknowledge the role and contribution of Michele Win Tai Mak, in translating into English the Italian language work, authoring the foreword and providing/ suggesting updates onthereference readings. ISSN 2366-259X ISSN 2366-2603 (electronic) SpringerTracts inCivil Engineering ISBN978-3-319-52032-2 ISBN978-3-319-52033-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52033-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017930409 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword Thisbookonreinforcedconcretedesignisuniqueforitscomprehensiveapproach, as each topic is thoroughly analysed from more theoretical aspects, through the development of design formulas with their assumptions and justifications, and terminates with construction requirements and practical examples. The textbook is primarily intended for undergraduate students and young practitioners. However, the strong link between theory and practical applications makesitavaluablehandbookthatexperiencedengineerswouldalsofinduseful.As the complexity of projects increases, designers face progressively greater chal- lenges, structural engineering deviates from standard solutions bringing the designers back to first principles; a thorough understanding of the theory and the structural fundamentals becomes extremely important to comprehend limits and worthiness of models. TheoriginalbookhasbeenattheforefrontofthedevelopmentoftheLimitState DesignforthestructuraluseofconcreteinItalyandithasbeenanationalreference for academics and practitioners for many years; since the first edition has been published, it has been continuously updated to incorporate the latest developments in reinforced concrete design. Because of its validity, the preface to the original editionhasbeenkeptasageneralintroductiontothework,withfewupdatesbythe authors. Theterminology,definitionsandexplanationsoftheoriginaltextareremarkably rigorous, in line with a cultural tradition that values consistency and preciseness, andthisaspectofthebookhasbeenretainedasmuchaspossible.Theneedtomake theEnglisheditioncomplywithamorepracticalnatureoftheindustrymadecertain aspects of the translation particularly difficult, especially where theoretical rigour and preciseness had to be abandoned in favour of terms and expressions that are common in practice. Conversely, when deemed important, consistency and accu- racy have been retained at the cost of less immediate clarity. Iwouldliketoapologizetothereaderforanyerrorsormistakesinthetextthat mayhaveinadvertentlybeenmade,despitethecountlessreviewsofaperfectionist who probably will never learn that “Better is Enemy of Good”. v vi Foreword Finally, I wish to thank the authors, Proff. Toniolo and di Prisco for giving me theopportunitytoworkontheirbookandbringittoawiderinternationalaudience, and for their continuous support and assistance. Michele Win Tai Mak Michele Win Tai Mak is a Structural Engineer at Ove Arup & Partners. His researchandprofessionalinterestsincludetheanalysisanddesignoftallbuildings, the assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures, seismic engineering, failure analysis and cementitious composites. He also undertakes project consul- tations and tutorials with engineering and architecture students in several univer- sities in the United Kingdom. He holds a Master’s degree from Politecnico di Milano and a Diplôme d’Ingénieur from École Spéciale des Travaux Publics, du Bâtiment et de l’Industrie de Paris. Preface Thepresentworkderivesfromtheuniversitytextbookoriginallydraftedwithinthe cultural tradition of the Structural Engineering School of the Politenico di Milano. ThisEnglisheditionhasbeendraftedfollowingthepublicationoftwofundamental documents: (cid:129) Eurocode 2—Design of concrete structures; (cid:129) fib Model Code, asbetterspecifiedinReferences.Thefirstonerepresentsthelastamendmentofthe final version of the official EN design code collecting the consolidated principles and rules for concrete structures. The second document represents the new edition of the design code issued by the International Association of Concrete Structures, collecting thelatestinnovative developments of theresearch proposed for possible future updating of the official regulations. With respect to the original edition, the text has therefore been revised and extended, incorporating the most important technological-scientific innovations, whicharethebasisofthetwoaforementioneddocuments,topresentacompleteset oflimitstatedesigncriteria ofthemoderntheoryofreinforcedconcrete,savingits educational purposes. First of all, the completeness typical of a general treatise has been abandoned, incorporating the topics considered of fundamental educational value but leaving outmanyfurtherdevelopmentsandalternatives.Specificreferencesarereservedfor those. Theintenthasbeentodevelopthetextbookexaminingindepthmethodological morethannotionalaspectsofthepresentedtopics,andfocusingontheverification ofassumptions,ontherigorousnessoftheanalysisandontheconsequentdegreeof reliability of results. The textbook refers to part of the course of structural design and analysis for civil and building engineering students. Form and extent of arguments are mainly drivenbyteachingneeds,asdevelopedthroughouttheweeksoftheacademicyear. vii viii Preface About its field of competence, the course of structural design and analysis is placed as a logical development after the course of structural mechanics. The fundamentalmodelsofstructuralbehaviourarerecalledfromthisdiscipline,fitting them out with the actual thicknesses due to the real construction materials. The specificpropertiesofthesematerialsandtheircomplexstructuralarrangementbring up the problemof the reliability of the model: not just one unique solution results, butadomainofpossiblesolutionscharacterizedbydifferent degrees ofrefinement can be obtained and in any case influenced by the randomness of the input data. Structural design and analysis is limited to problems of verifications related to simplestructuresforwhichtheextractionofamodelissimple.Thewiderproblem relative to the design choices and the analysis of real complex building arrange- ments is left to the subsequent specialized courses of the final academic year. Information for Students and Instructors The organization of teaching activities has weekly cycles of exercise sessions devoted to numerical applications of the topics already discussed from the theo- reticalpointofviewduringthelessons.Thestructureofchaptersinthistextclosely follows this organization. Each chapter develops an organic topic, which is even- tually illustrated by examples in each final paragraph containing the relative numerical applications. The application paragraphs altogether follow an overall plan with the develop- ment of the design of principal structural elements in a typical construction ‘from roof, to foundations’. Other than being an opportunity for the application of single topics(e.g.beaminbending,columnincompression,foundationfooting,etc.),the overallsubject showsthefirstexamples ofextraction ofcalculationmodelsfrom a real structural context and eventually gives the complete building arrangement on which the fundamental verifications of overall stability are to be carried. Specific appendices are also reported at the end of each chapter, to be used for practical design applications, containing data about materials, formulas for verifi- cations and auxiliary tables, in line with the latest European regulations. Milan, Italy Giandomenico Toniolo Marco di Prisco Contents 1 General Concepts on Reinforced Concrete. .... .... .... ..... .. 1 1.1 Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete .... .... .... ..... .. 1 1.1.1 Basic Properties of Concrete.. .... .... .... ..... .. 2 1.1.2 Strength Parameters and Their Correlation ... ..... .. 10 1.1.3 Failure Criteria of Concrete... .... .... .... ..... .. 18 1.2 Creep. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 22 1.2.1 Principles of Creep. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 23 1.2.2 Creep with Variable Stresses.. .... .... .... ..... .. 26 1.2.3 Models of Linear Creep . .... .... .... .... ..... .. 28 1.3 Structural Effects of Creep.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 33 1.3.1 Resolution of the Integral Equation. .... .... ..... .. 35 1.3.2 General Method ... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 37 1.3.3 Algebraic Methods . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 38 1.4 Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Sections. .... .... ..... .. 40 1.4.1 Mechanical Characteristics of Reinforcement . ..... .. 41 1.4.2 Basic Assumptions for Resistance Calculation ..... .. 46 1.4.3 Steel–Concrete Bond.... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 52 Appendix: Characteristics of Materials.. .... .... .... .... ..... .. 57 2 Centred Axial Force.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 83 2.1 Compression Elements..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 83 2.1.1 Elastic and Resistance Design. .... .... .... ..... .. 87 2.1.2 Effect of Confining Reinforcement . .... .... ..... .. 91 2.1.3 Effects of Viscous Deformations... .... .... ..... .. 96 2.2 Tension Elements.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 101 2.2.1 Verifications of Sections. .... .... .... .... ..... .. 102 2.2.2 Prestressed Tie Members .... .... .... .... ..... .. 104 2.2.3 Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Ties .. .... ..... .. 108 ix
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