Regions of taxonomic disjunction in Australian Odonata and other freshwater insects: first addendum, with the description of Austrocordulia refracta jurzitzai ssp. nov. (Anisoptera: Corduliidae)

8 Pages·1999·1.1 MB·English

by  Theischinger, G

Odonatologica28(4):377-384 December I, 1999
Regionsof taxonomicdisjunction inAustralian
Odonataandother freshwaterinsects:
firstaddendum, withthe descriptionof
Austrocorduliarefracta jurzitzai ssp. nov.
(Anisoptera: Corduliidae)
G.Theischinger
2AHammersleyRd, GraysPoint, N.S.W., 2232,Australia
Received March 27, 1999/Reviewed andAcceptedApril23, 1999
The information ontaxonomic disjunctionalongthe HunterValley (NewSouth
Wales)ofmostlyspecies-pairsofOdonatais updatedand discussed.The holotype 3
ofA. refractajunitzaissp.n.comesfromNew SouthWales,Heathcote (bred21-XI-
-1916),depositedin ANIC, Canberra.
INTRODUCTION
Basedon thenavailableinformationonAustralianOdonataandotherfreshwater
insects, regions oftaxonomic disjunction were pointed out and discussed by
WATSON & THEISCHINGER (1984). More distributionalinformation, particu-
larly on Odonata,hassince been accumulated,and theeffectoftheseecological
andphysiographic boundariesonpossible formertaxonomiccontinuitieshavebeen
foundvariable.In thefollowing, theinformationgiven on theodonatetaxa listed
by WATSON&THEISCHINGER (1984)ashaving limitsofdistributionator near
theHunterValley (NewSouthWales) is updated and discussed.A newsubspecies
is described.
GENERALABBREVIATIONS: COLLECTION ACRONYMS:
ck creek AM Australian Museum,Sydney
c.u. collectorunknown ANIC Australian National Insect Collection,
E final instar exuviae CSIRO Canberra
L larva EPA Environment Protection Authority
New SouthWales,Sydney
GT Gunther Theischinger,Sydney
378 G.Theischinger
DISCUSSIONS
ARGIOLESTES SP. near A.ALPINUS TILLYARD vs ARGIOLESTES SP.“i”
Argiolestessp. nearA.alpinus Till,and Argiolestes sp. “i”havesincebeen de-
scribedas Austroargiolestes brookhouseiThei.& O’FarrellandAustroargiolestes
isabellae Thei. & O’Farrell (THE1SCHINGER & O’FARRELL, 1986). A.
brookhouseiandA.alpinus formawelldefinedspecies groupofAustroargiolestes
whichseemstoberestrictedtostreamsandboggy seepagesinthehigh countryof
New South Wales north ofthe Hunter, whereas A. isabellae belongs to another
species groupofAustroargiolestes whichincludesA. calcarisFraser,A. isahellae,
A. christineThei. &O’Farrell, A. elke Thei.& O’Farrellandpossibly A. aureus
(Tillyard), amixedbag of bog and streamdwellersdistributedacross some ofthe
montane areasofcoastaleastern Australia.A.brookhouseiandA.isabellaeare not
longerconsideredapairsensu WATSON& THEISCH1NGER(1984),eventhough
A. hrookhouseiis stillknown only fromnorthof the HunterandA. isabellaeonly
fromsouthoftheHunter.
ARGIOLESTES SP.nearA. CALCARIS FRASER vs ARGIOLESTESCALCARIS FRASER
Argiolestes sp.nearA. calcarisFraserhassincebeendescribedas/*Austroargiolestes
christineThei. &O’Farrell(THEISCHINGER&O’FARRELL. 1986).A.Christine
andA. calcaris are a typical species-pair sensu WATSON & THEISCHINGER
(1984).Bothspecies inhabithighaltitudestreamsandboggy seepages,A.Christine
north, A. calcaris south ofthe Hunter; neitherofthem has been found to have
crossedthe Hunter gap.
SYNLESTES TILLYARDIFRASER(hornless larvae)vs SYNLESTESTILLYARDIFRASER(horned larvae)
Synlestes tillyardi Fraseris now (WATSONetal., 1991)consideredtobeasub-
species ofSynlestes weyersii (S. w. tillyardi Fraser). It has alsosince been found
that at least some larval instars of both forms listed by WATSON &
THEISCHINGER (1984) havelarvaewith lateralpostocular horns.Morework is
neededto assess statusand validityofthetwoforms andtheirdistributions.
DIPHLEBIALESTOIDESTILLYARDI FRASER vs DIPHLEBIAL. LESTOIDES (SELYS)
Additionalinformationis not available.
AUSTROAESCHNA SIGMATHEISCHINGER vsAUSTROAESCHNA OBSCURATHEISCHINGER
Definitely aspecies pairsensuWATSON& THEISCHINGER(1984).Bothspe-
Taxonomic disjunctionin Australian Odonata 379
ciesare mainly small stream dwellers with a totalaltitudinalrange from 100to
1500m. It is not surprising that at leastone ofthem has crossed the Huntergap.
Both species now coexist at least atWatagan Mountains, south of the Hunter
(THEISCHINGER, 1982) whereevenacaseofinterspecific mating was observed
(THEISCHINGER, 1997).
AUSTROAESCHNA SUBAPICALIS THEISCHINGER(northern form) vs AUSTROAESCHNA
SUBAPICALIS THEISCHINGER(southernform)
Austroaeschnasubapicalis Thei.was considereda variablespecies whichmay
include discrete subspecies (THEISCHINGER, 1982). Generally there is a mor-
phological northoftheHunter/southofthe Huntertrend as pointed outand illus-
tratedby THEISCHINGER (1982).A. subapicalis is confinedto fastflowingme-
dium-sizedto large highaltitude(>600 m) streamsandratherhigh rainfallareas.
There is a wide gapalong the HunterValley lacking such conditions.However,
there are alsonumerous smallergapsbetween smallerareas withsuchconditions
andpopulations ofA. suhapicalis, particularly northof the Hunter. On onehand,
the moreorless isolatedpopulations oftendiffersomewhatfromeachother,onthe
otherhandsomeindividualsdonot differsignificantly fromsomeindividualsfrom
the opposite sideoftheHunter.Noneofthe hithertoknownsmall populations and
noneofthetwo groupsofpopulations south,respectively northoftheHunter,can
be considereddiscretesubspecies.
NOTOAESCHNA GEMINATA THEISCHINGER vs NOTOAESCHNA SAGITTATA (MARTIN)
Definitely aspecies-pair sensu WATSON&THEISCHINGER (1984).Bothspe-
ciesinhabitfast sectionsofmedium-sizedtolargestreamsandarenot knownfrom
lowaltitudeorcoastalareas.Therearecleardifferencesbetweenthetwo species in
ihe structure ofterminalabdominal segment and anal appendages ofthe male.
Crossing oftheHuntergapby eitherspecies has not yetbeen recorded.
EUSYNTHEMISGUTTATA“AUROLINEATA”(TILLYARD)vsEUSYNTHEMISGUTTATA(SELYS)s. str.
Eusynthemis guttata“aurolineata”(Till.) sensu WATSON& THEISCHINGER
(1984) has sincebeen foundto includeat least2species, namely E. aurolineata
(Till.)(= seniorsynonymofmelanosomaTill.),avery variablespecies, possibly a
species complex, known fromswampy high mountainstreams and mostly small
rainforeststreamsofvariousaltitudes, andE. rentziana Thei. whichhas beenre-
cordedfromrainforeststreams between300and700 m(THEISCHINGER, 1998).
E. guttata(Sei.) s.str. sensu WATSON& THEISCHINGER(1984)hassincebeen
foundto include E. guttata,aspecies known only from southoflatitude35°30’S,
andtheapparentlycircumalpine species E. tillyardiThei.(THEISCHINGER, 1995,
380 G.Theischinger
1998).Thetotalaltitudinalrangeofthese two species is from 100 to 1500m. E.
tillyardiandofcourseE. guttatahavenever beenrecordedfromnorthoftheHunter,
whereas there are no records ofE. aurolineata and only a single record of E.
rentzianafromsouthoftheHunter.Itappearsthataspecies givingrise toE. guttatta
andE. tillyardi was separated earlyby theHuntergapfromaspecies giving riseto
E.aurolineataandE.rentziana.Whereasnowboth,E.aurolineataandE.rentziana,
come closetothe Huntergap from thenorth,only E. tillyardi occurs closeto the
Huntergapin thesouth. Atpresent Eusynthemis aurolineata(Till.)+£. rentziana
Thei. vs Eusynthemis tillyardi Thei. is consideredtobeapair sensu WATSON &
THEISCH1NGER (1984).
EUSYNTHEMIS BREVISTYLA ‘SUBJUNCTA”(TILLYARD) vs EUSYNTHEMISBREVISTYLA
(SELYS) s. str.
Eusynthemis brevistyla “subjuncta” (Till.)andE.b. brevistyla(Sel.) weredistin-
guished by differences in thoracic pattern (TILLYARD, 1913; FRASER, 1960;
WATSON etal., 1991).Populations ofE. brevistylafromsouthoftheHunterhave
sincebeen foundto include individualswith typical brevistyla pattern and indi-
viduals withsubjuncta pattern butwithoutany indicationofspecific distinctness
ofthetwo forms. Itis possible that thereareother characters separating the two
forms,but morework is neededto confirmtheir statusas differentsubspecies.
AUSTROCORDULIAREFRACTA TILLYARD(shortspinelarvae) vs AUSTROCORDULIA
REFRACTA TILLYARD(long spinelarvae)
Only insufficientinformationon thedistributionledto theinclusionofthese two
formsbyWATSON&THEISCHINGER (1984).TheHunterValleyis notseparating
thesetwo forms.Shortspine larvaehavesincebeenfoundas farsouthasTareeregion,
andlong spinelarvaeare nowavailablefromasfarnorthastheBellingerRiver.There
appearstobeasmalldistributionaloverlapofthetwo differentlarvalformsandthey
canbeassociatedwithtwodifferentadultforms.However,asdifferencesoftheadults
havehithertobeendetectedonly inthemales,thetwo formsare treatedas subspecies
ofone andthesame species. A.refracta was originally describedfromCooktownon
CapeYorkPeninsulawhere the larvaehaveshortlateralabdominalspines andadult
maleshavelong anal appendages. Thesouthern form(long spine larvae, shortmale
analappendages) is describedas anewsubspecies below.
AUSTROCORDULIA REFRACTAJURZITZAI SSP.NOV.
Figures 1-3
Material.-Holotype i +E:Australia, New SouthWales,Heathcote. bred,2I-XI-1916,R.J.
Tillyard(ANIC).Paratypes:NewSouthWales: I 6,AllenCk nrWilton,3-XII-1979,G.Theischinger
& L. Mueller (ANIC); I S,Berowra, 9-XII-1973,L. Mueller (ANIC); I 9 + E,Engadine,emerged
Taxonomic disjunctionin Australian Odonata 381
24-IX-I980,J.A.L.Watson (ANIC); 1 5 +E, Heathcote, bred, 14-XI-I912, 1 S,samelocality,bred.
30-XO-1916,R.J.Tillyard(ANIC); 1 9 + E, Heathcote, bred,29-X-1912, Id + E, samelocality,
bred,26-XI-I9I2,1 9 + E,samelocality,B-XII-1912,R.J.Tillyard(AM);1 d,HeathcoteBrook,28-
-XI-1980,G.Theischinger(ANIC); I 9,KingfisherCk, nr Heathcote,X-1997,G.Theischinger&L.
Mueller (GT);I 9,NepeanR.,nrMaldon Bridge,3-XII-1979, 1 9 (incop. with A. leonardi Thei.),
samelocality, I4-X1-I983,G.Theischinger&L. Mueller(ANIC); 1 9,Stanwell Park, Bulli, 11-XI-
-1952,R.Dobson(ANIC). — Other material:New SouthWales:5E,BerowraCk, 11-XII-
-1976,G.Theischinger(ANIC); 2L, CabbageTree Ck,ClydeMt,28-11-1966,E.F.Riek (ANIC); 1E,
Engadine,24-IX-1980,J.A.L.Watson(ANIC); 1L, Galston,2-11-1936,C.Davis(ANIC);25E,Hack-
ing R.,nr Bola Ck,8-1-1999,G.Theischinger&L.Mueller(GT); I E,Heathcote, 29-XI-I916, R.J.
Tillyard(ANIC); 11E,HungryWayCk, 8-III-I996,G.Theischinger(GT); I E,Illawara,IO-X-1908,
R.J.Tillyard(ANIC); I L,KalangR..nr Rose Ck,8-V-I998,J.Potts(EPA); 3E,KarlooPool, 1-1980,
G.Theischinger(ANIC); 17E,KangarooCk,nrAudley,10-XI-I995,1E,samelocality,I5-III-1996,
G. Theischinger(GT); 4E, KangarooCk, S ofGrays Point, 12-XII-1998,D. Paulson & N.Smith
(GT); 10E, Kingfisher Pool, 25-X11-1993,G.Theischinger(GT); 1 L, MargaretCk,BourndaNa-
tional Park,4-VI-1998, E.Turak (EPA); 6E.MogoCk,nr PopranCk, 16-IV-1979, G.Theischinger
(ANIC); 2 E,MtWhite,8-XI-1995,G. Theischinger(GT); 2E,NepeanR.,Maldon Bridge,3-X1I-
-1979, G.Theischinger(ANIC); 1E,S ofNowra,IV-1980,G.Theischinger(GT); 1 E,OurimbahCk,
30-III-1979,G.Theischinger(ANIC);6E,PopranCk, 3-III-I979,G.Theischinger(GT), I E,same
locality, 15-IV-1979,G.Theischinger(ANIC);4E, Shellbrook,footofBarringtonTops, 10-X-1976,
G.Theischinger(GT); 1 E,SomersbyFalls, 11-1980, G.Theischinger(ANIC); 1 E,SomersbyFalls,
FloodsCk,Gosford, I5-XII-1976,G.Theischinger(ANIC); 3 E, StAlbans, McDonald R„ 16-X-
-1976,G.Theischinger(ANIC); 4E,Stanwell Park, Bulli,3-XI1-196I,R.Dobson (ANIC); I E, nr
WaragambaDam, I-I-1980,G. Theischinger(GT), 4E, same locality, 17-1-1980,G, Theischinger
(ANIC); 1 E,WoronoraDam, 17IV-1979, G.Theischinger(ANIC);2E,WoronoraR.,G.Theischinger
(GT); 3E, Woronora R.,nr Engadine, 2E, samelocality, XI-1979,G.Theischinger(ANIC); I E,
Woronora R.,nr Heathcote, 9-XI-I979, J.A.L.Watson&G.Theischinger(ANIC).
Etymology, - Dedication toProfessorDrGerhard Jur zitza whoacted incrediblyfastand
unselfishwhentheundescribed larval materialofGomphomacromiaBrauer wasneeded forastudyof
theAustralianGomphomacromiinae(THEISCHINGER &WATSON, 1984).
ADULT. — Head. — Shiny greenish- to greyish- and blackish brown, top of
frons,vertexandocciput darkest, labrumandlabiumpalest.
Thorax. — Largely shiny greyish-toblackish brown,withfrontofsynthorax
darkest; dorsal carina bright yellow; postscutella greyish yellow. Legs brown to
black.
Wings. — Veins brown to black; membranehyaline; costal and subcostal
spaces variablysuffusedwithbrownatbase; pterostigmaorangebrown;membranule
white.Venationas describedinthegeneric diagnosisby TILLYARD(1908)andby
THEISCHINGER& WATSON (1978).Anal loop starting withsingle cell.
Abdomen.— Subcylindrical; darkreddish-to greyish- andblackish brown.
Secondary genitalia withinner lobe ofhamulelonger thanouter andending ina
slimhook.Femalevalves trifid, eachwithlarge horn-likeoutertoothbentmediad,
smalltoothinthemiddle,andinnerhorn-liketooth, intermediateinsize.
Anal appendages. — Brown; superiors long, slender, very slightly curvedlater-
ally, basal 1/3with curved lateralkeel terminating in a ventral denticle; inferior
rathernarrow, subtriangular slightly curved, dorsally.
382 G. Theischinger
Measurements (inmm).
— Hindwing,male27.0-31.0,fe-
male 31.0-36.0;abdomen,male
33.0-39.0, female 33.0-40.0.
LARVA. — As described
forAustrocorduliarefracta
Till, (southern form) by
THEISCHINGER &WAT-
SON (1982).
DISCUSSION. - In
general appearance both
sexesofadult.A.r.jurzitzai
agree with the description
ofA. r. refracta (Figs 4-6)
presented by TILLYARD
(1908)and complemented
by THEISCHINGER
(1973)andTHEISCHING-
Figs 1-3.Austrocordulia refractajurzitzaissp.n.:(1,2)male anal
ER & WATSON (1978). appendages: — (1)dorsal view; — (2)lateralview; — (3)larva,
There are, however, con- abdomenfromsegment7,dorsalview. —Figs4-6.Austrocordulia
sistentdifferencesbetween r. refractaTill.:(4,5) male anal appendages:— (4) dorsal view;
the two subspecies in the - (5)lateralview; — (6)larva, abdomenfromsegment 7,dorsal
view.
maleanalappendages. A.r.
jurzitzai hasshorter, slightly straighter, superior appendages withamorestrongly
curved lateralkeel in basal 1/3, making the subsequent ventral denticle appear
larger,and ashorter andstouter inferiorappendage. Diagnostic characters ofthe
femaleare notavailable atpresent. The larvaofA. r.jurzitzai hasmuchlargerand
more sharply pointed lateralspines on abdominalsegments 7-9 than thelarvaof
typical A. refracta. Thereis evidence at present, basedon larvaeonly, ofa geo-
graphical overlap ofthetwo subspecies ofA.refracta. TypicalA. refractahasbeen
collectedas farsouthas theareaaroundTaree(Manning catchment),A. r.jurzitzai
as farnorthas theBellinger catchment.
Material ofAustrocordulia refractaTill, examinedfor comparison;New South Wales: 1 <3,
BoonooBoonooSwamp,ca 1000m,XI-1992,G.Theischinger(ANIC); 2E,CangaiCk, 1l-X-1979,
1 9,samelocality,15-1-1985,G.Theischinger(ANIC), 1E,samelocality,13-X1-1983.G.Theischinger
(GT); 1 E, CoombadjaCk, WashpoolN.P.,5/6-1-1986,G.Theischinger(GT); 1 E,Forbes R„2-XII-
-1998,G.Theischinger(GT); 1E,Landsdowne,nrTaree,G.Theischinger(GT);2E,Middle Brother
StateForest, 15/17-1-1999,G.Theischinger(GT); 1 E,NymboidaR.,7-XII-1998,G, Theischinger
(GT);IE,WashpoolN.P,5-1-1986,G.Theischinger(GT);2E.WattuiFalls, 17-1-1999,G.Theischinger
&L. Mueller(GT);2E,Wilson R„WildBullPark,2-X1I-1998, 9E,samelocality, 15/17-1-1999,G.
Theischinger(GT).Queensland: 1 E,northern tributaryofApis Ck,nrMarlborough,12/13-XII-1976,
G.Theischinger(ANIC); 1 $,Atherton,I-1963,C.Vallis(ANIC); 1L,BehanaGorge,SofGordonvale,
29-VI-197I,E.F.Riek(ANIC); 1E,BlencoeFalls(swamp), 19-X-I980,G.Theischinger&L.Mueller
(ANIC); 1 5,BluffRange, 17-XII-I970,1 <J, samelocality,25-X11-1970,H.Frauca (ANIC); I 6,
Taxonomic disjunctionin Australian Odonata 383
NWsectionofBluffRange, 11-1-1972,H.Frauca (ANIC); 18L,BluffRange,Biggenden,VIII-1971,
H,Frauca(ANIC); 1 S, Brisbane,8-1-1986,G.Theischinger(ANIC); IE,CaniaGorge,3l-XII-1980,
G.Theischinger& L, Mueller(ANIC); 2E, CapeTribulation,23/26-X-1980, G.Theischinger&L.
Mueller(ANIC); 2 E, Carnarvon Gorge, 3 E,same locality, 1/3-XII-1986,2 2,samelocality, XI-
-1990,G.Theischinger,I <J, 1 2,samelocality, 17/18-III-1992,G.Theischinger&L. Mueller(ANIC,
GT); 1 3,CoastRange, S ofBiggenden, 16-1-1977,H.Frauca (ANIC); 1 3,3 2, 1 E,Crows Nest
Falls National Park, I7/I8-I-I986,G.Theischinger&L. Mueller(ANIC, GT);4E,DalrympleCk,nr
Mackay, 14-XI-1976,G.Theischinger(ANIC); 9E,ElamanCk and LittleYabba Ck,nrKenilworth,
9-XI-1976, G.Theischinger(ANIC); 2E,EmuCkStateForest, 15/16-1-1986,G.Theischinger(GT); 1
c?,GapCk,MtFinleysonRange,S ofCooktown,2-1-1981,M.S.&B.J. Moulds(AM);I E,Flartley’s
Ck, 25mi. NCairns, 10-XI-195I,R. Dobson (ANIC); 1 3,Kiamba,Blackall Range,18-1-1981,c.u.
(ANIC); 1 <J,Kirrama Range,WofKennedy, 12-1-1990,M.S.&B.J. Moulds (AM);I E, Kroombit
Tops, 14-X-1983,G. Theischinger(GT); 1 3, Kuranda,3-X-1952, R. Dobson (ANIC); 4E, Lake
Freshwater, 12-XI-1982,G.Theischinger(GT); I L,LeoCk Rd,ca500 m ,Mcllwraith Range,30km
NEofCoen, 29-V1/7-VII-1976,G.B.& S.R.Monteith(ANIC); 2E,LittleYabbaCk,nrKenilworth,
11/12-1-1984, G.Theischinger(GT); 5 E,Lobster Ck,nr Kenilworth, 14-1-1986, G. Theischinger
(GT); 2E, Millstream Falls, Ravenshoe, 18/19-XM976,G.Theischinger(ANIC); 1 E, NW ofMt
Molloy,23-XI-1976,G.Theischinger(ANIC); 1E,MtTamborine,8-IX-1976,G.Theischinger(ANIC);
1 L, MtTozzerarea, Iron Ra.,23-IV/1-V-1973, S.R.Monteith(ANIC); 1 3, MtWalshNational Park,
Biggenden,10-11-1978,H.Frauca (ANIC); 4E, NerangR./Cave Ck,7-XII-1976,G.Theischinger
(ANIC); 13,StoneyCk,Byfield,Rockhampton,I6-X-1955, R. Dobson(ANIC); 1 3,StoneyCk,nr
Kilcoy,26-1-1986,c.u.(ANIC); 1 L, WangoolbaCk atCentral Station,Frazer Island,24-XII-1996,E.
Tsyrlin(GT).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many thanks toL, MUELLER (Berowra)for his helpwith collecting material and discussing
zoogeographyand speciation,andtoE. TSYRLIN (Adelaide)andDr D.R. PAULSON andMrs N.
SMITH(Seattle, USA)forsupplyingsomematerial. Alsoacknowledgedis the opportunitytostudy
material kept in theAustralian National InsectCollection,CSIRO Entomology,Canberra (curatorDr
P.S. CRANSTON), in the Australian Museum (Entomology),Sydney (collection manager M.S.
MOULDS) and inthe collection ofEPA(EnvironmentProtection Authority)NSW,Lidcombe.
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