Reflections on the Balkan Wars: Ten Years After the Break-up of Yugoslavia

277 Pages·2004·0.95 MB·English

by  Jeffrey S. Morton

Reflections on the
Balkan Wars
Ten Years After the
Break Up of Yugoslavia
Edited by
Jeffrey S. Morton, R. Craig Nation,
Paul Forage and Stefano Bianchini
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Reflections on the Balkan Wars
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Reflections on the
Balkan Wars:
Ten Years After the
Break Up of Yugoslavia
Edited by
Jeffrey S. Morton, R. Craig Nation, Paul Forage, and
Stefano Bianchini
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REFLECTIONSONTHEBALKANWARS
© Jeffrey S.Morton,2004
All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any
manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published 2004 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLANTM
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PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
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Union and other countries.
ISBN 1–4039–6332–0 hardback
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data
Reflections on the Balkan wars :ten years after the break-up of
Yugoslavia / edited by Jeffrey S.Morton… [et al.].
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN 1–4039–6332–0
1.Yugoslav War,1991–1995—Congresses.2.Yugoslavia—History—
1992–2003—Congresses.3.Balkan Peninsula—History-20th
century—Congresses.I.Morton,Jeffrey S.
DR1313.R44 2004
949.703—dc21 2003054932
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India.
First edition:January,2004
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America.
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Contents
Preface vii
Jeffrey S. Morton
Foreword ix
RupertSmith
Notes on Contributors xiii
Part One Wars in the Balkans
1 The Civil War in Former Yugoslavia and the International
Intervention 3
Patricia Kollander
2 The Genocide Factor in the Yugoslav Wars of Dismemberment 23
Henry R. Huttenbach
3 The Relationship Between the Dismemberment of Yugoslavia and
European Integration 35
Francesco Privitera
4 The Leaky Bucket: Ethnic Albanian Cross-Border Operations
in the Balkans 55
Lawrence E. Cline
5 Media and Communications Systems in the Balkan Conflicts 75
Peter W. Reynolds
Part Two The International Law and Organization
6 The UN Response to the Balkan Wars 93
Frances Pilch and Joseph Derdzinski
7 International Norms of Territorial Integrity and the Balkan Wars
of the 1990s 119
Mikulas Fabry
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vi ● Contents
8 The Balkan Wars and the International War Convention 147
R. Craig Nation
9 Rethinking the Legal Nuances of Kosovo: Toward an
Emerging Norm of Anticipatory Humanitarian Intervention? 165
Christopher C. Joyner and Anthony Clark Arend
Part Three Reflections on the Balkan Wars
10 Managing Ethnic Conflict in Bosnia: International Solutions to
Domestic Problems 189
Patrice McMahon
11 From Korea to Kosovo: Matching Expectations with Reality for
Modern Airpower in Limited Wars 211
Conrad C. Crane
12 The Future of Western Engagement in the Balkans 227
Stefano Bianchini and Paul Forage
Index 245
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Preface
Jeffrey S. Morton
With the tenth anniversary of the onset of the war in Bosnia
approaching, I was asked in the fall of 2001 to organize an
international conference on the Balkans on behalf of the Peace
Studies Program at Florida Atlantic University. Also sponsoring the
conference were the United States Army War College and the University
of Bologna. The conference was unique inthat it attempted to bridge the
academics who study the series of conflicts that raged in the Balkans
during the 1990s with the military and diplomatic professionals who dealt
directly with the situation on the ground.
The two-day conference was organized around eight panels, with
themes ranging from legal considerations of the Balkan wars to the
perspectives of various military operators with battlefield experience.
The conference welcomed a presentation by His Excellence Nikola
Dimitrov, Macedonia’s Ambassador to the United States, and a keynote
address by General Sir Rupert Smith, retired Deputy Supreme Allied
Commander, Europe.
The following individuals participated in the conference: Ron Adams,
Army War College; Stefano Bianchini, University of Bologna; Lawrence
Cline, American Military University; Conrad Crane, Army War College;
Joseph L. Derdzinski, United States Air Force; His Excellence Nikola
Dimitrov, Macedonia’s Ambassador to the United States; Mike Ellerbe,
Army War College; Mikulas Fabry, University of British Columbia; Paul
Forage, Florida Atlantic University; Robert Gard, US Army (retired);
Henry Huttenbach, City College of New York; Christopher Joyner,
Georgetown University; Patricia Kollander, Florida Atlantic University;
Ray Millen, Army War College; Noemi Marin, Florida Atlantic
University; Patrice C. McMahon, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Jeffrey
S. Morton, Florida Atlantic University; Craig Nation, Army War College;
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viii ● Preface
Fran Philch, United States Air Force Academy; Francesco Privitera,
University of Bologna; Tim Reese, Army War College; Peter Reynolds,
SHAPE; John Rovegno, Army War College; Pirityi Sandor, Hungarian
Assoc. for Military Science & Security; General Sir Rupert Smith,
DSACEUR (retired); Rick Swengros, Army War College.
This book is the product of the conference, with select papers chosen
for publication. In editing this book, my co-editors and I would like to
thank not only the above for their contributions to the conference but
also some of the many people who made that event and this manuscript
possible, including the Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts & Letters,
the Schmidt Foundation, Felipe Godoy, Zella Linn,Victoria Thur,
Palgrave Press reviewers, and the editorial staff at Palgrave Macmillan.
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Foreword
Rupert Smith
Iam delighted to be asked to write the foreword to this book. This
collection of essays is in part at least a record of a most interesting
and informative conference held at the Florida Atlantic University in
January 2002 in which I took part. We endeavored to view the experi-
ence of the various interventions into the Balkans in the round and to
draw conclusions that might be of value in the future. As one with direct
professional involvement in these events I found the wide range of
contributions when taken together gave an excellent context against
which to examine the particular issues. In addition, as a Briton, I found
the predominantly transatlantic viewpoint refreshing and clearheaded.
I commend this volume to both the academic and the more general
reader seeking an understanding of this complex and perplexing part of
Europe and the events of the past decade. I commend it also as a series
of case studies to those who might consider interventions in the affairs
of others; each intervention of the series is built on the mistakes of the
past, a series that has yet to be completed. There are many general
lessons to be drawn from the body of this international experience,
lessons that are applicable to other parts of the world and other circum-
stances. As one who has been involved in these events and conducted
intervention operations, I can vouch for our collective need to learn how
to do these things better. It is important to do this for despite the many
mistakes and delays the interventions have stopped the fighting, the
killing and ethnic cleansing has ceased, hunger and deprivation are not
endemic, and elected governments are in power. The presence of the
international military gives a sense of security to the peoples of the
Balkans, such that they are not so frightened of each other that they
fight. The problem that faces us all is how to develop the civil measures,