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Geochemical Database of Feed Coal and Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) from Five Power Plants in the United States Selected Coal Utilization References By Kelly L. Conrad and Ronald H. Affolter Pamphlet to accompany Data Series 635 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 About USGS Products For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS About this Product Publishing support provided by Denver Science Publishing Network For more information concerning this publication, contact: Center Director, USGS Central Energy Resources Science Center Box 25046, Mail stop 939 Denver, CO 80225 (303) 236-7775 or visit the Central Energy Resources Science Center Web site at: http://energy.cr.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Affolter, R.H., Groves, Steve, Betterton, W.J., Benzel, William, Conrad, K.L., Swanson, S.M., Ruppert L.F., Clough J.G., Belkin, H.E., Kolker, Allan, and Hower, J.C., 2011, Geochemical database of feed coal and coal combustion products (CCPs) from five power plants in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 635, pamphlet, 19 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. ISBN 978-1-4113-3268-3 Cover: Photograph of a coal-fired power plant in the northwestern United States. Photograph by Ronald H. Affolter. Contents Selected Coal Utilization References .........................................................................................................1 Geochemical Database of Feed Coal and Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) from Five Power Plants in the United States By Kelly L. Conrad and Ronald H. Affolter Selected Coal Utilization References [Bracketed numbers indicate total page counts. These are provided to aid identification for the work.] The purpose of this bibliography is to provide a source of information to assist decision makers, land and resource managers, other Federal and State agencies, the domestic energy industry, foreign governments, nongovernmental groups, academia, and other scientists making decisions in the face of rapid energy development in the U.S. This document attempts to encompass the most relevant literature that will help serve as a foundation on which to appropriately understand the complexities of coal utilization. Since the early 1970s, the U.S. Geological Survey has been involved in evaluations of data collected from various coal utilization and power plant-related studies. The publications in this bibliography cover the last 50+ years and include many past, unique, and current studies involving coal utilization. Subject material ranges from utilization of coal to disposal of coal combustion products (CCPs) with topics on new technology and regulations. These references were compiled as a source of associated material for this Data Series—Geochemical database of feed coal and coal combustion products (CCPs) from five power plants in the United States: consisting of major-, minor-, and trace- element contents, proximate and ultimate analyses, forms of sulfur, calorific values, ash fusion temperatures, mineralogy, petrological data, and selected coal utilization references. Aaranson, M.L., Krishna, K., Mahr, D., and Nechvatal, T.M., eds., 1990, Fuel strate- gies—coal supply, dust control, and byproduct utilization: Fact, v. 8, 101 p. [Presented at the International Joint Power Generation Conference, October 21–25, 1990, Boston, Mass.]. Abbas, T., Costen, P., and Lockwood, F.C., 1992, The influence of near burner region aerodynamics on the formation and emission of nitrogen oxides in a pulverized coal- fired furnace: Combustion and Flame, v. 91, no. 3–4, p. 346–363. Abbott, M.F., and Austin, L.G., 1985, Studies on slag deposit formation in pulverized- coal combustors: Fuel, v. 64, p. 832–838. Abd-Elhady, M.S., Clevers, S.H., Adriaans, T.N.G., Rindt, C.C.M., Wijers, J.G., and van Steenhoven, A.A., 2007, Influence of sintering on the growth rate of particulate fouling layers: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, v. 50, p. 196–207. 2 Geochemical Database of Feed Coal and Coal Combustion Products Abel, W.T., and Fisher, E.P., 1976, Limestone to remove hydrogen sulfide from hot producer gas: Morgantown, W.V., U.S. Department of Energy, Research and Develop- ment Administration, 24 p. Abel, W.T., Rice, R.L., Shang, J.Y., Turek, D.G., and Ayers, W.J., 1981, Combustion of western coal in a fluidized bed: Morgantown, W.V., U.S. Department of Energy, Mor- gantown Energy Technology Center, Report DOE/METC/RI-178, 32 p. Abel, W.T., Zulkoski, M., Brady, G.A., and Eckerd, J.W., 1973, Removal of pyrite from coal by dry separation methods—Report of investigations: U.S. Bureau of Mines Research Investigations Report RI-7732, 26 p. Abel, W.T., Zulkoski, M., and Gauntlett, G.J., 1972, Dry separation of pyrite from coal: Industrial Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development, v. 11, no. 3, p. 342–347. Abrams, Courteny, 2009, America’s biggest polluters: carbon dioxide emissions from power plants in 2007: Environment Arizona Research and Policy Center, last accessed 28 July 2011, at https://pincdn.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/334c7bc17d52073fc5e9737c 2131091e/Americas-Biggest-Polluters.pdf, November, 2009, [53] p. Abu-Zahra, M.R.M., Schneiders, L.H.J., Niederer, J.P.N., Feron, P.H.M., and Versteeg, G.F., 2007, CO2 capture from power plants: Part I. A parametric study of the technical performance based on monoethanolamine: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 1, no. 1, p. 37–46. Ackerman, F., Biewald, B., White, D., Woolf, T., and Moomaw, W., 1999, Grandfather- ing and coal plant emissions: the cost of cleaning up the Clean Air Act: Energy Policy, v. 27, p. 929–940. Acuna-Caro, C., Thorwarth, H., Scheffknecht, G.A., 2006, A thermodynamic study on the effects of individual flue gas components on mercury speciation: Power Plant Chemistry, no. 8, p. 374–381. Adamczyk, Z., and Bialecka, B., 2005, Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites from Polish coal fly ash: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, v. 14, no. 6, p. 713–719. Adams, B., and Senior, C., 2006, Curbing the blue plume: SO3 formation and mitigation: Power, v. 150, no. 4, p. 39–41. Adams, D.M.B., 2004, Utilisation of CFBC and IGCC residues: London, United King- dom, International Energy [IEA] Coal Research, Report IEACCC/93, 38 p. Adams, D.M.B., and Fernando, R., 1998, Coal-fired power station effluents: London, United Kingdom, International Energy [IEA] Coal Research, Report IEACCC/10, 63 p. Adams, D.M.B., and Smith, I.M., 1995, Sulphates, climate and coal: London, United Kingdom, International Energy Agency [IEA] Coal Research, Report IEAPER/16, 30 p. Adams, J.L., 2002, Field scale study results for the beneficial use of coal ash as fill mate- rial in saturated conditions, Varra Coal Ash Burial Project, Weld County, Colorado, in Vories, K.C. and Throgmorton, Dianne, eds., Proceedings of the Coal Combustion By- Products and Western Coal Mines: A Technical Interactive Forum, Golden, Colorado: Alton, Ill., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, and Carbondale, Ill., Coal Extraction and Utilization Research Center, Southern Illinois University, p. 151–154. Selected Coal Utilization References 3 Adams, J.L., and Warner, J.W., 2002a, A feasibility study for the beneficial use of coal ash as fill material in water saturated sediments [abs.], in Abstracts of the Coal Com- bustion By-Products and Western Coal Mines: A Technical Interactive Forum, Golden, Colorado: Alton, Ill., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, and Carbondale, Ill., Coal Extraction and Utilization Research Center, Southern Illinois University, p. 2. Adams, J.L., and Warner, J.W., 2002b, A feasibility study for the beneficial use of coal ash as fill material in saturated conditions, in Vories, K.C. and Throgmorton, Dianne, eds., Proceedings of the Coal Combustion By-Products and Western Coal Mines: A Technical Interactive Forum, Golden, Colorado: Alton, Ill., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, and Carbondale, Ill., Coal Extraction and Utilization Research Center, Southern Illinois University, p. 13–14. Adams, L.M., Capp, J.P., and Gillmore, D.W., 1972, Coal mine spoil and refuse bank reclamation with powerplant fly ash: Journal of Compost Science, v. 13, p. 20–26. Adams, R.G., Alin, J., Biede, O., Booth, N.J., deMontigny, D., Drew, R., Idem, R., Laursen, M., Peralta-Solorio, D., Sanpasertparnich, T., and Trunkfield, A., 2009, CAPRICE Project—engineering study on the integration of post combustion capture technology into the power plant gas path and heat cycle: Energy Procedia, v. 1, no. 1, p. 3801–3808. Adriano, D.C., Page, A.L., Elseewi, A.A., Chang, A.C., and Straughan, I., 1980, Utiliza- tion and disposal of fly ash and other coal residues in terrestrial ecosystems: a review: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 9, p. 333–344. Adrović F., Ninković, M., and Todorović, D., 1997a, Natural radioactivity of soil within the zone of influence of the Kosovian coal power plants: Balkan Physics Letters, Pro- ceedings Supplement, v. 5, part 3, p. 1813–1816. Adrović, F., Ninković, M., and Todorović, D., 1997b, Natural radionuclides and radiation measurements in the vicinity of the Kosovian coal-fired power plants, in Sabol, Jozef, ed., Proceedings of the IRPA Regional Symposium on Radiation Protection in Neigh- bouring Countries of Central Europe: Prague, Czech Republic, 8–12 September, 1997: International Radiation Protection Association, p. 334–336. Adrović, F., Prokić, M., Ninković, M., and Glišić, R., 2004, Measurements of environ- mental background radiation at location of coal-fired power plants: Radiation Protec- tion Dosimetry, v. 112, no. 3, p. 439–442. Adrović, F., Todorović, D., Ninković, M., and Prokić, M., 1996, Investigation of the contents of natural radionuclides in coal and ashes from Kosovian power plant, in International Radiation Protection Association, eds., Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association, April 14–19, 1996, Vienna, Austria, 9th Congress: p. 681–683. Afanas´eva, O.V., and Mingaleeva, G.R., 2009, Energy efficiency of small coal-fired power plants as a criterion of their wide applicability: Solid Fuel Chemistry, v. 43, no. 1, p. 55–59. Affolter, R.H., 1998, The chemical composition of feed coal, fly ash, and bottom ash, in Breit, G.N., and Finkelman, R.B., eds., Characterization of coal and coal combustion products from a coal-burning power plant—preliminary report and results of analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-342, p. 17–43. 4 Geochemical Database of Feed Coal and Coal Combustion Products Affolter, R.H., 2007, Introduction, project summary, and trace elements, in Ellis, M.S., and Affolter, R.H., eds., From Cradle to Grave, The Power of Coal, International Tech- nical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems, June 10–15, 2007, Clearwater, Fla., 32nd Conference: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1160, p. 6–23. Affolter, R.H., Betterton, W.J., and Olea, R., 2009, Chemical and mineral variation of coal and coal combustion products from a western power plant utilizing Powder River Basin coal [abs.]: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, no. 7, p. 333. Affolter, R.H., Betterton, W.J., Olea, R., Brownfield, M.E., and Ellis, M.S., 2009, Prelim- inary results of the characterization of coal and coal combustion products (CCPs) from a western power plant utilizing Powder River Basin coal from the Wyodak-Anderson Coal Zone, in Coal Technology Association and American Public Power Association, eds., Coal—world energy security, Proceedings of the International Technical Confer- ence on Clean Coal and Fuel Systems, May 31–June 4, 2009, Clearwater, Fla., 34th Conference: Gaithersburg, Md., Coal Technology Association, p. 1178–1189. Affolter, R.H., Brownfield, M.E., and Breit, G.N., 1997, Temporal variations in the chem- istry of feed coal, fly ash, and bottom ash from a coal-fired power plant, in University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research and U.S. Federal Energy Technology Center, eds., Pushing the Envelope, Proceedings, 1997 International Ash Utilization Symposium, October 20–22, 1997, Lexington, Kentucky: Lexington, University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research [CAER], p. 757–764. Affolter, R.H., Brownfield, M.E., and Cathcart, J.D., 1999, Chemical variation of feed coal and coal combustion products from an Indiana power plant utilizing low sulfur Powder River Basin coal, in Schmidt, C.E. and Robl, T.L., Materials for the next mil- lennium, Proceedings, International Ash Utilization Symposium, October 18–20, 1999, Lexington, Kentucky. 3rd Symposium: Lexington, University of Kentuky Center for Applied Energy Research [CAER], 7 p. Affolter, R.H., Ruppert, L., and Swanson, S.M., 2008, Preliminary results of the U.S. Geological Survey’s power plant cradle to grave studies: goals for future planning, in American Society of Mechanical Engineers Power Division, U.S. Dept. of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, Coal Technology Association, and Ameri- can Public Power Association, eds., Proceedings of the 33rd International Technical Conference on Clean Coal and Fuel Systems, June 1–5, 2008, Clearwater, Florida: Gaithersburg, Md., Coal Technology Association, p. 818. Agrawal, M., and Agrawal, S.B., 1989, Phytomonitoring of air pollution around a ther- mal power plant: Atmospheric Environment, v. 23, no. 4, p. 763–769. Agrawal, M., and Singh, J., 2000, Impact of coal power plant emission on the foliar elemental concentrations in plants in a low rainfall tropical region: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 60, p. 261–282. Agrawal, M., Singh, J., Jha, A.K., and Singh, J.S., 1993, Coal-based environmental prob- lems in a low-rainfall tropical region, in Keefer, R.F., and Sajwan, K.S., eds., Trace elements in coal and coal combustion residues: Boca Raton, Fla., Lewis Publishers, p. 27–57. Ahlberg, M., Berghem, L., Nordberg, G., Persson, S.A., Rudling, L., and Steen, B., 1983, Chemical and biological characterization of emissions from coal and oil fired power plants: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 47, p. 85–102. Aho, M., Paakkinen, K., Pirkonen, P., and Hupa, M., 1995, The effects of pressure, oxygen partial pressure and temperature on the formation of N2O, NO, and NO2 from pulverized coal: Combustion and Flame, v. 102, p. 387–400. Selected Coal Utilization References 5 Aho, M., Rantanen, J., Hernberg, R., and Häyrinen, V., 1995, Factors influencing the vaporisation of sodium and potassium in pressurized coal combustion, in Carvalho, M.G., ed., Proceedings of the International Conference on Combustion Technologies for a Clean Environment, Lisbon, Portugal, July 3–6, 1995, 3rd Conference: Lisbon, Portugal, Instituto de Combustão, v. 2, p. 1–5. Aho, M., Rantanen, J., and Linna, V., 1989, N2O, NO, and NO2 emissions in pulverized fuel combustion between 730 and 950°C, in Korhonen, M., ed., Proceedings of the Symposium on Low-grade Fuels, June 12–16, 1989, Helsinki, Finland: Espoo, Fin- land, Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus, Symposium series 108, v. 2., p. 175–186. Aho, M., Vainikka, P., Taipale, R., and Yrjas, P., 2008, Effective new chemicals to pre- vent Cl-originated superheater corrosion in power plants: Fuel, v. 87, p. 647–654. Aikin, T.L.H., Cashion, J.D., and Ottreya, A.L., 1984, Mössbauer analysis of iron phases in brown coal ash and fireside deposits: Fuel, v. 63, no. 9, p. 1269–1275. Aineto, M., Acosta, A., Rincón, J.M., and Romero, M., 2006, Thermal expansion of slag and fly ash from coal gasification in IGCC power plant: Fuel, v. 85, p. 2352–2358. Ainsworth, C.C., and Rai, D., 1987, Chemical characterization of fossil fuel combustion wastes: Batelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories Report published as Electric Power Research Institute [EPRI] Report no. EA-5321, 148 p. Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Air Pollution Aspects: United States. Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], Office of Research and Monitoring, Office of Air Programs, 54 p. Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Appendix A, Southwest Energy Study, air pollu- tion aspects of Southwest Energy Study, southwest power plant air pollutant emissions: Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Water Programs, Office of Air Programs, Stationary Source Pollution Control Programs, Applied Technology Division, Air Quality Management Branch, National Source Inventory Section, 89 p. Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Appendix B, Southwest Energy Study, air pollution aspects of Southwest Energy Study, selected information of pollution aspects of mer- cury emissions from Four Corners Power Plant: Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Monitoring, 12 p. Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Appendix C, Southwest Energy Study, air pollution aspects of Southwest Energy Study, rules and regulations for southwest power plants: Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Water Programs, Office of Air Programs, Stationary Source Pollution Control Programs, Standards Development and Implementation Division, Plans Management Branch, 14 p. Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Appendix D, Southwest Energy Study, air pollution aspects of Southwest Energy Study, conventional air pollution control alternatives for power plants: Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Water Programs, Office of Air Programs, Stationary Source Pollution Control Programs, Standards Development and Implementation Division, Performance Standards Branch, 57 p. Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Appendix E, Southwest Energy Study, air pol- lution aspects of Southwest Energy Study, unconventional methods of air pollution control for power plants: Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Water Programs, Office of Air Programs, Stationary Source Pollution Control Programs, Control Systems Division, Office of Engineering Analy- sis, Technical Analysis and Evaluation Section, 66 p. 6 Geochemical Database of Feed Coal and Coal Combustion Products Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Appendix F, Southwest Energy Study, air pollu- tion aspects of Southwest Energy Study, selected information on air pollution effects on visibility: Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Monitoring, National Environmental Research, Division of Chemistry and Physics, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Branch, 11 p. Air Pollution Work Sub-group, 1972, Appendix G, Southwest Energy Study, air pollution aspects of Southwest Energy Study, meteorological estimates of air pollution concen- trations and effects on meteorological range due to Navajo and Kaiparowits Generating Stations, Arizona–Utah: Research Triangle Park, N.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Monitoring, National Environmental Research, Divi- sion of Chemistry and Physics, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Branch, 19 p. Air and Waste Management Association, 2003, Controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants: Pittsburgh, Pa., Air and Waste Management Association, 1 vol., variously paged. Airey, D., 1982, Contributions from coal and industrial materials to mercury in air, rain- water, and snow: The Science of The Total Environment, v. 25, p. 19–40. Ake, T., Erickson, C., Medeiros, Hutcheson, L., Barger, M., and Rutherford, S., 2003, Limestone injection for protection of SCR catalyst, in Air and Waste Management Association, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Electric Power Research Institute, and U.S. National Energy Technology Laboratory, eds., Proceedings of the Department of Energy-Electric Power Research Institute-Air and Waste Management Association, Combined Power Plant Air Pollutant Control “Mega” Symposium, May 19–22, 2003, Washington, D.C.: Riley Power Inc., Worchester, Mass., 10 p. Akers, D., and Arnold, B., 1998, Assessment of coal cleaning for trace element control: Palo Alto, Calif., Electric Power Research Institute [EPRI] Report no. TR-111852, 110 p. Akers, D., and Dospoy, R., 1994, Role of coal cleaning in control of air toxics: Fuel Processsing Technology, v. 29, no. 1-3, p. 73–86. 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(CCPs) from five power plants in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Abbas, T., Costen, P., and Lockwood, F.C., 1992, The influence of near burner region Abbott, M.F., and Austin, L.G., 1985, Studies on slag deposit formation in pulverized 5, p. 795–799. Arora, N., and Kumar, D., 1997,
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