REFAG 2014: Proceedings of the IAG Commission 1 Symposium Kirchberg, Luxembourg, 13–17 October, 2014 PDF
Preview REFAG 2014: Proceedings of the IAG Commission 1 Symposium Kirchberg, Luxembourg, 13–17 October, 2014
International Association of Geodesy Symposia 146 Tonie van Dam Editor REFAG 2014 Proceedings of the IAG Commission 1 Symposium Kirchberg, Luxembourg, 13-17 October, 2014 International Association of Geodesy Symposia ChrisRizos,SeriesEditor PascalWillis,SeriesAssociateEditor International Association of Geodesy Symposia ChrisRizos,SeriesEditor PascalWillis,SeriesAssociateEditor Symposium104:SeaSurfaceTopographyandtheGeoidSymposium Symposium105:EarthRotationandCoordinateReferenceFrames Symposium106:DeterminationoftheGeoid:PresentandFuture Symposium107:KinematicSystemsinGeodesy,Surveying,andRemoteSensing Symposium108:ApplicationofGeodesytoEngineering Symposium109:PermanentSatelliteTrackingNetworksforGeodesyandGeodynamics Symposium110:FromMarstoGreenland:ChartingGravitywithSpaceandAirborneInstruments Symposium111:RecentGeodeticandGravimetricResearchinLatinAmerica Symposium112:GeodesyandPhysicsoftheEarth:GeodeticContributionstoGeodynamics Symposium113:GravityandGeoid Symposium114:GeodeticTheoryToday Symposium115:GPSTrendsinPreciseTerrestrial,Airborne,andSpaceborneApplications Symposium116:GlobalGravityFieldandItsTemporalVariations Symposium117:Gravity,GeoidandMarineGeodesy Symposium118:AdvancesinPositioningandReferenceFrames Symposium119:GeodesyontheMove Symposium120:TowardsanIntegratedGlobalGeodeticObservationSystem(IGGOS) Symposium121:GeodesyBeyond2000:TheChallengesoftheFirstDecade Symposium122:IVHotine-MarussiSymposiumonMathematicalGeodesy Symposium123:Gravity,GeoidandGeodynamics2000 Symposium124:VerticalReferenceSystems Symposium125:VistasforGeodesyintheNewMillennium Symposium126:SatelliteAltimetryforGeodesy,GeophysicsandOceanography Symposium127:VHotineMarussiSymposiumonMathematicalGeodesy Symposium128:AWindowontheFutureofGeodesy Symposium129:Gravity,GeoidandSpaceMissions Symposium130:DynamicPlanet-MonitoringandUnderstanding... Symposium131:GeodeticDeformationMonitoring:FromGeophysicaltoEngineeringRoles Symposium132:VIHotine-MarussiSymposiumonTheoreticalandComputationalGeodesy Symposium133:ObservingourChangingEarth Symposium134:GeodeticReferenceFrames Symposium135:Gravity,GeoidandEarthObservation Symposium136:GeodesyforPlanetEarth Symposium137:VIIHotine-MarussiSymposiumonMathematicalGeodesy Symposium138:ReferenceFramesforApplicationsinGeosciences Symposium139:EarthontheEdge:ScienceforasustainablePlanet Symposium140:The1stInternationalWorkshopontheQualityofGeodetic ObservationandMonitoringSystems(QuGOMS’11) Symposium141:Gravity,GeoidandHeightsystems(GGHS2012) Symposium142:VIIIHotine-MarussiSymposiumonMathematicalGeodesy Symposium143:ScientificAssemblyoftheInternationalAssociationofGeodesy,150Years Symposium144:3rdInternationalGravityFieldService(IGFS) Symposium145:InternationalSymposiumonGeodesyforEarthquakeandNaturalHazards(GENAH) Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/1345 REFAG 2014 Proceedings of the IAG Commission 1 Symposium Kirchberg, Luxembourg, 13–17 October, 2014 Edited by Tonie van Dam 123 VolumeEditor SeriesEditor TonievanDam ChrisRizos UniversityofLuxembourg SchoolofSurveying&GeospatialEngineering FacultyofScience,Technology,andCommunication UniversityofNewSouthWales Luxembourg Sydney Luxembourg Australia AssociateEditor PascalWillis Institutnationaldel’Information géographiqueetforestière ServicedelaRechercheetdel’Enseignement France ISSN0939-9585 ISSN2197-9359 (electronic) InternationalAssociationofGeodesySymposia ISBN978-3-319-45628-7 ISBN978-3-319-45629-4 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-45629-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016963341 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsand regulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelieved tobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have beenmade. Thepublisher remains neutral withregardtojurisdictional claims inpublished mapsandinstitutional affiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Reference Frames for Applications in Geoscience (2014 IAG Commission 1 Symposium: Luxembourg,13–17October,2014) Accurate reference frames are fundamentally important for Earth science studies, satel- lite navigation, many applications relying on geo-spatial information, and increasingly for demandingcommercialapplicationssuchasagriculture,aviation,construction,publicsafety, andtransportation. In October, approximately 100 geodesists from 24 countries met to discuss the role of global and regional reference frames in science and practice. The international symposium, REFAG2014, took place at the Melia Hotel in Kirchberg, Luxembourg. This symposium provided a forum where the developers of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), the scientific users, and government sponsors of observing systems could discuss the most important questions. The symposium featured sessions on six topics: the theory andconceptsindevelopingreferenceframes,thespacebasedgeodetictechniquesrequiredto generatethereferenceframes,thetheorytotietheterrestrialreferenceframestothecelestial reference frame and Earth rotation parameters, regionalreference frames, the importance of referenceframesinthegeosciences,andhowgeoreferencingisusedinpractice. Themeetingconsistedof60oralpresentationsand18posters,with10invitedpresentations over4.5days.Invitedspeakerswerechosenfortheirexpertise,butalsofortheirabilitytolook beyondcurrentpractices and requirementsand to visualize needs for the future. The invited speakersrepresentedthegroupsworkingatthecuttingedgetodevelopalgorithmstocombine all the geodetic observations into a frame. They also represented some of the best scientists usinggeodeticdataforgeodynamicandclimatestudies. This volume contains the proceedings of selected papers from sessions organized under the six themes listed below. In contrast to most workshopsor symposia, here we decided to arrangethesessionsaroundthemostpressingquestionsregardingreferenceframesthatneed tobeaddressedatthispointintime. Session1:TheoryandConcepts AssociateEditor:ZuheirAltamimi (cid:129) Are present reference frame theory and concepts adequate for current measurement accuracyandalltypesofstationpositiontimevariations? (cid:129) How well do the concepts match current practice (e.g., UTC/Terrestrial time versus geocentrictime)?Arechangesneeded? (cid:129) What about the mismatch between long-term linear theoretical frames and the reality of constantlymovingstations?Isanewconceptualframeworkneeded? (cid:129) Towhatextentarefundamentalphysicalstandardslimiting,e.g.,thepresentinaccuracyof the constants G and GmE, relativistic formulation,the time-variable gravity field and the presentinaccuracyofgeocenterandgeocentermotion? v vi Preface Session2:GeodeticMeasurementTechniques AssociateEditor:TomHerring (cid:129) Howcanthestrengthsandweaknessesofcurrenttechnologiesbebettermeshedtoimprove theITRF? (cid:129) Whatarethepresentleadinggeophysicalmodellimitationsandhowcantheybeimproved? How do we ensure consistency of geophysical model application among different tech- niques? (cid:129) How can we best cope with the rapidly expanding volume of geodetic data (esp. GNSS data)? (cid:129) Should more synergistic and multi-technique analysis approaches be promoted for the future? (cid:129) How do we precisely quantify the limiting factors of the legacy network and optimally deploynextgenerationsystems? Session3:RegionalReferenceFrames AssociateEditor:RichardWonnacott (cid:129) Isthereafutureroleforsub-globalreferenceframesofhighaccuracy? (cid:129) If the main justification for regionalframesis to removelarge-scale tectonic effects, how wellcanthisreallybedone?Whataboutresidualmotions? (cid:129) Howshouldnationalandregionalframeeffortsbebestcoordinated? Session4:CelestialtoTerrestrialFrameTransformations AssociateEditor:JohannesBoehm (cid:129) Can the value of EOPs as monitors of global variationsof the Earth system be improved (e.g.,betteraccuracy,highertemporalresolution)? (cid:129) Isadditional,non-geodeticdataneededtoachievegreaterinsightorvalue?Ifso,whattypes? (cid:129) Is the current array of observing systems evolving towards an optional delivery of EOP resultsorarechangesneeded? (cid:129) IstheinteractionbetweenthegeodeticEOPcommunityandgroupsengagedinmodelling large-scaleterrestrialfluidsadequate?Canthebenefitstobothsidesbeimproved? (cid:129) How can the currentICRF implementationmadeconsistentwith the ITRF and EOPsand whatisthecurrentlevelofconsistency? Session5:UsageandApplicationsofReferenceFramesinGeosciences AssociateEditor:TonievanDam (cid:129) In what ways are geoscience and geophysical applications under-served by the present geodeticsystem?Arelarge-scaleshiftsinemphasisneededorbeneficial? (cid:129) What are the major questions of geoscience that are not currently well addressed by the geodeticobservingsystems?Whatistherequiredaccuracyofalltypesofgeodeticproducts needed? (cid:129) Howbesttointegrategeodeticandgravimetricsystems? (cid:129) Howtomaintainasuitablebalancebetweensocietalneeds(e.g.,naturalhazardmonitoring) andbasicscientificgoals? Session6:GeoreferencinginPractice AssociateEditor:MikaelLilje (cid:129) Are emerging commercial geodetic applications (e.g., GIS) approaching high accuracy requirements? (cid:129) How best to synchronize commercial requirements with basic research needs? How can conflictsofinterestbeminimized? (cid:129) How can the basic infrastructure observing systems that have traditionally been funded by national research bodies be sustained, especially as commercial applications grow in importance? (cid:129) Arelarge-scalechangesinthenational,regional,andglobalgeodeticframeworksneeded? Ifso,whatsort? Preface vii I would like to express my gratitude to all those who have contributed to the success of REFAG2014: the conveners who devoted their time to organizing interesting and timely sessions all the meeting participants, my post-docs and PhD students who helped me to organize and run the meeting, and Jim Ray and Zuheir Altamimi whose advice I sought throughoutthe organizationofthismeeting.I alsothanktheLuxembourgFondsNationalde laRecherche,theUniversityofLuxembourg,theEuropeanGeosciencesUnion,andLeicafor theirfinancialsupportofthesymposium I thank the associate editors of these proceedings who played a leading role in the peer review process and all reviewers who contributed to reviewing the papers contained in this volume.Finally,mysincerethanksalsogoestotheIAGproceedingseditorDr.PascalWillis whosereminderskeptthereviewandpublicationprocessesonschedule. Luxembourg,Luxembourg TonievanDam Contents PartI TheoryandConcepts TheHelmertTransformationApproachinNetworkDensificationRevisited ...... 3 C.Kotsakis,A.Vatalis,andF.Sansò A Study on the Impact of Reference Frame Implementation Strategy on GNSS TimeSeriesforRegionalNetworkAnalysis ................................... 11 MiltiadisChatzinikosandAthanasiosDermanis ValidationofComponentsofLocalTies ...................................... 21 Susanne Glaser, Mathias Fritsche, KrzysztofSos´nica, Carlos Javier Rodríguez-Solano, KanWang,RolfDach,UrsHugentobler,MarkusRothacher,andReinhardDietrich PartII GeodeticMeasurementTechniques CombinationofSpaceGeodeticTechniquesontheObservationLevelwithc5++: CommonNuisanceParametersandDataWeighting ........................... 31 ThomasHobigerandToshimichiOtsubo TheProcessingofSingleDifferencedGNSSDatawithVLBISoftware ........... 39 YoungheeKwak,JohannesBöhm,ThomasHobiger,andLuciaPlank IVSContributiontoITRF2014 .............................................. 47 S.Bachmann,L.Messerschmitt,andD.Thaller AntennaAxisOffsetsandTheirImpactonVLBIDerivedReferenceFrames ..... 53 Tobias Nilsson, Julian A. Mora-Diaz, Virginia Raposo-Pulido, Robert Heinkelmann, MariaKarbon,LiLiu,CuixianLu,BenediktSoja,MinghuiXu,andHaraldSchuh SchedulingVLBIObservationstoSatelliteswithVieVS ........................ 59 Andreas Hellerschmied, Johannes Böhm, Alexander Neidhardt, Jan Kodet, RüdigerHaas,andLuciaPlank RefinedTroposphericDelayModelsforCONT11 .............................. 65 D.Landskron,A.Hofmeister,andJ.Böhm Loading-InducedDeformationDuetoAtmosphere,OceanandHydrology:Model ComparisonsandtheImpactonGlobalSLR,VLBIandGNSSSolutions......... 71 O.Roggenbuck,D.Thaller,G.Engelhardt,S.Franke,R.Dach,andP.Steigenberger TheInternationalMassLoadingService...................................... 79 LeonidPetrov Pre-combinedGNSS-SLRSolutions:WhatCouldbetheBenefitfortheITRF? ... 85 D.Thaller,K.Sos´nica,P.Steigenberger,O.Roggenbuck,andR.Dach ix x Contents GGOS-SIM: Simulation of the Reference Frame for the Global Geodetic ObservingSystem .......................................................... 95 Harald Schuh, Rolf König, Dimitrios Ampatzidis, Susanne Glaser, Frank Flechtner, RobertHeinkelmann,andTobiasJ.Nilsson OverviewoftheILRSContributiontotheDevelopmentofITRF2013 ............ 101 V.Luceri,E.C.Pavlis,B.Pace,D.König,M.Kuzmicz-Cieslak,andG.Bianco PartIII RegionalReferenceFrames A Spatial Analysis of Global Navigation Satellite System Stations Within theContextoftheAfricanGeodeticReferenceFrame .......................... 111 IvanF.Muzondo,LudwigCombrinck,JoelO.Botai,andCilenceMunghemezulu The Development of a Station Coordinate Estimation Program to Model Time SeriesfromContinuousGPSStationsinNewZealand.......................... 119 C.Pearson,C.Crook,andP.Denys ResultsfromtheRegionalAUSTRALVLBISessionsforSouthernHemisphere ReferenceFrames .......................................................... 129 Lucia Plank, James E.J. Lovell, Jamie McCallum, Elizaveta Rastorgueva-Foi, Stanislav S. Shabala, Johannes Böhm, David Mayer, Jing Sun, Oleg Titov, StuartWeston,SergeiGulyaev,TimNatusch,andJonathanQuick ImplementationoftheETRS89inEurope:CurrentStatusandChallenges........ 135 CarineBruyninx, ZuheirAltamimi, ElmarBrockmann, AlessandroCaporali, RolfDach, JanDousa, RuiFernandes, MichailGianniou, HeinzHabrich, JohannesIhde, LottiJivall, AmbrusKenyeres, MartinLidberg, RosaPacione, MarkkuPoutanen, KarolinaSzafranek, WolfgangSöhne, GünterStangl, JoãoTorres,andChristofVölksen Defining a Local ReferenceFrame Using a Plate MotionModel and Deformation Model..................................................................... 147 RichardStanaway, CraigRoberts, ChrisRizos, NicDonnelly, ChrisCrook, andJoelHaasdyk ADevelopmentoftheRussianGeodeticReferenceNetwork..................... 155 SuriyaTatevianandSergeiKuzin Weightedvs.UnweightedMCsfortheDatumDefinitioninRegionalNetworks .... 161 M.ChatzinikosandC.Kotsakis Is Nubia Plate Rigid? A Geodetic Study of the Relative Motion of Different CratonicAreasWithinAfrica................................................ 171 MaryNjoroge,RoccoMalservisi,DenisVoytenko,andMatthiasHackl PartIV CelestialtoTerrestrialFrameTransformations HowConsistentareTheCurrentConventionalCelestialandTerrestrialReference FramesandTheConventionalEarthOrientationParameters? .................. 183 RobertHeinkelmann,SantiagoBelda,JoséM.Ferrándiz,andHaraldSchuh TheEffectsofSimulatedandObservedQuasarStructureontheVLBIReference Frame..................................................................... 191 Stanislav S. Shabala, Lucia Plank, Robert G. Schaap, Jamie N. McCallum, JohannesBöhm,HanaKrásná,andJingSun
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