Reduction of Barnardiella, Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis, Homeria, and Roggeveldia in Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae)

7 Pages·1998·5.2 MB·English

by  Peter Goldblatt

Reduction of Barnardiella, Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis,
Homeria, and Roggeveldia in Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae)
Peter Goldblatt
B. A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis,
Missouri 63166, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT. Moraea, central genus of the Old raea. Morphological and anatomical data (Gold¬
World and largely African subtribe Homeriinae of blatt, 1987; Rudall & Goldblatt, 1993) have
Iridaceae tribe Irideae and currently including suggested that Moraea is paraphyletic, and re¬
some 130 species, is understood to be paraphyletic. search using DNA sequence analysis has confirmed
The remaining genera of Homeriinae, Barnardiella the paraphyly of the genus (Goldblatt et al., in
(1 sp.), Galuxia (15 spp.), Gynandriris (9 spp.), prep.). DNA sequence analysis of two chloroplast
Hexaglottis (6 spp.), Homeria (ca. 32 spp.), and genes, trnV-Y and rbeL, shows that representative
Roggeveldia (2 spp.), are each believed to be mono- species of Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis, and
phyletic but nested in Moraea. Morphological and Homeria are nested in Moraea and most closely
anatomical evidence showing the likely paraphyly allied to different species of the genus. Barnar¬
of Moraea has now been confirmed by DNA se¬ diella and Roggeveldia can also be confidently al¬
quence analysis of two chloroplast genes, tmL-F lied to particular species or lineages within Moraea
and rbcL. The species of the six genera nested in on morphological and cytological grounds. While
Moraea are here transferred to the genus. Members other genera of Homeriinae have discrete synapo-
of Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis, and Homeria morphies and can readily be defined, Moraea can
are provisionally assigned to sections bearing their only be defined by synapomorphies that define
names. Barnardiella is included in section Moraea, Homeriinae. In order to have a phylogenetic clas¬
in which it is evidently closely related to M. rigi- sification with Moraea monophyletic, the remaining
difolia. The two species of Roggeveldia are placed genera of Homeriinae are reduced to synonymy
in section Polyanthes, and they are believed to be here and their constituent species transferred to
allied to the M. crispa group of that section. New Moraea.
combinations or new names are provided lor spe¬
cies transferred to Moraea. Preliminary data show Morphology of Homeriinae
that the infrageneric classification of Moraea will
Vegetative morphology. The genera of Homeri¬
require extensive revision, but until more molecular
inae are defined by two derived features, a cormous
data are available the current classification of this
rootstock, with the corms covered by fibrous to
genus, now including some 200 species, must re¬
more or less woody tunics, and a bifacial and dor-
main in place.
siventral leaf. Most other Iridaceae have unifacial,
isobilateral leaves, as do Iris and Dietes (Iridinae)
As currently defined, Moraea, the largest genus and Ferraria (Ferrariinae), the genera believed to
of Irideae subtribe Homeriinae (Goldblatt, 1990), be most closely allied to Homeriinae on both mor¬
comprises some 130 species spread throughout phological and molecular grounds (Goldblatt, 1990,
sub-Saharan Africa (Goldblatt, 1986a; Goldblatt & 1991; Souza-Chies et al., 1997). The leaf is spe¬
Manning, 1995). Other genera of this largely Afri¬ cialized in having a closed sheath and a bifacial,
can subtribe are centered in southern Africa (Gold¬ usually channeled, blade lacking a midrib. In Hom¬
blatt, 1981). Gynandriris (9 spp.), however, occurs eriinae the unifacial blade ancestral in the family
outside southern Africa, and it has two or possibly is represented by a short, flattened apical portion.
three species in the Mediterranean and Middle East The corm of all Homeriinae consists of a single
(Goldblatt, 1980a). The subtribe comprises some swollen internode with a terminal apical bud, ami
200 species, and seven genera are usually recog¬ on germination roots are produced from the base of
nized, these being Homeria (including Sessilistig- the apical bud (Goldblatt, 1990). The corm is en¬
ma—Goldblatt, 1991) (32 spp.), Galaxia (15 spp.), tirely axillary in origin and is also distinguished by
Hexaglottis (6 spp.), Roggeveldia (2 spp.), and Bar¬ the presence of persistent tunics of the corm of var¬
nardiella (1 sp.) in addition to Gynandriris and Mo¬ ious texture and color. Tunics are formed from a
Novon 8: 371-377. 1998.
372 Novon
cataphyll subtending the axillary bud from which a of the spathe-enclosed inflorescence on an elon¬
conn is produced. The ancestral rootstock in Iri- gated tubular extension of the ovary (Goldblatt,
deae (and probably in all Iridaceae) is a creeping 1980a). In Barnardiella, Galaxia, Ilomeria, Hex-
rhizome, and, except for Homeriinae, only Ferraria aglottis, and Roggeveldia the differences between
has a corm. In that genus the corm comprises sev¬ the outer and inner tepal whorls are weak or absent.
eral intemodes, the old corms persist, lasting many The tepal limbs of both whorls may have nectar
years (as does a rhizome), and new corms, produced guides, and both inner and outer tepals may have
annually, develop from tissue in the base of the basal nectaries. Together the tepal claws form a
flowering stem, incorporating axillary buds in this narrow to wide cup surrounding a staminal column
part of the stem (De Vos, 1979). Corm tunics of that encloses at least part of the style anil some¬
Ferraria consist of the membranous bases of foliage times the style branches and anthers. This type of
leaves and are short lived, seldom persisting on the flower defines Homeria (Goldblatt, 1981) but is not
mature corm. restricted to the genus. Barnardiella, like Gynan¬
The genera of the subtribe all have this basic driris, also has a sessile ovary with an elongate tu¬
vegetative organization, and each is recognized tax- bular upper part (Goldblatt, 1976). Galaxia has the
onomically largely by its flower, an organ that is Homeria-like flower, but plants are acaulescent,
central to the pollination strategy of the plant and and the tepals are basally united to form a tube
more directly subject to selection than either fun¬ (Goldblatt, 1979a). Hexaglottis has flowers closely
damental leal form, suq>risingly uniform in the sub¬ resembling some species of Homeria, but the an¬
tribe, or corm features, which vary within limited thers diverge, and the style branches are each di¬
parameters and show no correlation between habi¬ vided to the base into filiform arms that extend be¬
tat and morphology. Corm tunics are the only fea¬ tween the anthers (Goldblatt, 1987). In Roggeveldia
tures useful for recognizing large species clusters the style arms are filiform but simple and extend
throughout Homeriinae. Their utility for phyloge¬ between free stamens (Goldblatt, 1979b).
netic interpretation is, however, hindered by their Few of the above specializations are unique with¬
uniqueness within the subtribe so that polarity by in Homeriinae. Moraea hexaglottis Goldblatt has a
outgroup comparison cannot be determined. Objec¬ flower like that of Hexaglottis, several species of
tive interpretation of tunic types is sometimes dif¬ Moraea have Homeria-like flowers (e.g., M. crispa
ficult, evidently due to subsequent modification, Thunberg (subg. Moraea), M. elsiae Goldblatt (subg.
but their morphology is, nevertheless, useful in Visciramosa) (Goldblatt, 1986a)), and acaulescence
studies of the phylogeny of Moraea. is developed in several species of Moraea, evi¬
Basic flower organization. The ancestral (ple- dently unrelated to Galaxia. A perianth tube com¬
siomorphic) flower type in Homeriinae is similar to parable to that in Galaxia is present in three spe¬
that of Dietes and Iris (Goldblatt, 1990). The outer cies of Moraea belonging to two different lineages.
tepals are larger than the inner and strongly Lastly, a sterile, beak-like upper part of the ovary
clawed, with the claw appressed to an enlarged pet- characterizes sections Deserticola and Subracemo-
aloid style branch, and the spreading tepal limb is sae of Moraea. This is a similar, though less pro¬
marked with a nectar guide. The inner tepals typ¬ nounced condition than the tubular ovary extension
ically have an ascending claw and spreading limb of Barnardiella and Gynandriris.
and lack contrasting markings. Perigonal nectaries
are located within the flower at the base of the outer
Discussion
tepals. The style in such flowers is short and much
exceeded by three broad style branches against The basic flower of Iris and Moraea (and presum¬
which the upper part of the filaments and the an¬ ably of tribe Irideae) has been said to function as
thers are appressed (Goldblatt, 1986a, 1990). In three separate bilabiate units, or meranthia, each
Homeriinae and Ferraria the filaments are united consisting of a lower lip with a nectar guide (outer
in the lower part, a synapoinorphy for the clade, tepal limb), an upper lip (the petaloid style crests),
whereas in Dietes and Iris the stamens are free. The and a gullet (the narrow space enclosed by the out¬
style branches each bear a pair of conspicuous ter¬ er tepal claw and the lightly appressed style
minal petaloid appendages, the style crests, ex¬ branch) (Muller, 1883; Proctor et al., 1996). Each
tending above a transverse stigmatic lobe. unit or meranthium bears a close resemblance to
This basic flower organization varies in several the zygomorphic, bilabiate flower of many species
ways, and it is the flower alone that defines the of dicot families like Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, and
several other genera of Homeriinae. In Gynandriris Scrophulariaceae. Such flowers are usually polli¬
the ovary is subsessile, and the flower is raised out nated by large, long-tongued bees, and both anec-
Volume 8, Number 4 Goldblatt 373
1998 Moraea Paraphyly
dotal and documented observations indicate that Gynandriris appears to have evolved convergently
bees (Bombus in the case of Iris, Apidae, Antho- within Moraea. The adaptation, presumably for pro¬
phoridae, and Mellitidae lor Moraea) treat the flow¬ tection of the ovules, is less strongly developed in
er in just this way, visiting one bilabiate meran- some lineages of Moraea, and in this light no longer
thium of a flower before moving to a meranthium seems as remarkable. It is the climax of a trend
of a different flower (Muller, 1883; Knuth, 1909; within the Moraea lineage for concealment and pro¬
Goldblatt et ah, 1989). In such flowers the inner tection of the ovary that has occurred repeatedly,
tepals apparently serve a minor role in attracting associated either with shorter pedicels (Moraea
potential pollinators, and they may be erect, sect. Deserticola), the development of an ovary beak
spreading, or reduced in various ways. They are (Moraea sect. Subracemosae), a perianth tube (Hex¬
absent or vestigial in several species that otherwise aglottis virgata (Jacquin) Sweet, M. cooperi Baker),
maintain the /rfs-type floral organization and pol¬ or a sterile, elongate ovary tube (Gynandriris, Bar¬
lination ecology. nardiella). Gynandriris is nested within Moraea
Both morphological eladistic analyses (Goldblatt. (Goldblatt et al., in prep.), and Barnardiella is al¬
1990; Rudall & Goldblatt, 1993) and DNA se¬ most certainly as well, although it is not closely
quence data (Souza-Chies et ah, 1997; Goldblatt et allied to Gynandriris. The flowers of Barnardiella
ah, in prep.) support the view that this complex, externally resemble those of M. rigidifolia, and
highly specialized flower most probably arose once both species have the same basic chromosome
in tribe Irideae, but the complexity has been lost number, centric leaves, and sessile lateral branches
or modified repeatedly (Goldblatt. 1980b, 1986b). (Goldblatt, 1976, 1986a), the latter both specialized
The decrease in size of the style branches and features. There is no merit in maintaining either
crests, accompanied by the tendency for the inner Barnardiella or Gynandriris.
tepals to resemble the outer in size as well as hav¬ The revised taxonomy of Homeriinae proposed
ing a nectar guide at the base of the limb and a here represents an unconventional treatment of sev¬
nectary at the claw base is evidently an important eral southern African and one Eurasian genus. It
adaptive shift. Such flowers are adapted for differ¬ flaunts traditional taxonomy based on Linnaean
ent pollination strategies (Goldblatt & Bernhardt, (phenetic) principles, and it will, for a time, con¬
unpublished). found and confuse many biologists, naturalists, and
Species with a short floral cup and prominently ecologists. Nevertheless, the revised classification,
displayed anthers (Barnardiella, Hexaglottis, Hom- which is, as far as knowledge allows, phylogenetic,
eria sect. Conanthera, Moraea pseudospicata Gold¬ must be adopted. The reason for this, which is also
blatt) are pollinated largely by female bees foraging the ultimate reason for my decision to upset tradi¬
for pollen (Goldblatt, 1981, 1987; Goldblatt & tion, is that a phylogenetic classification is predic¬
Bernhardt, unpublished). Those wilh longer tepal tive and the logical goal of systematics.
claws have larger, wider floral cups, and both nec¬
tar and pollen are available to a variety of insects.
Nomenclature: New Combinations and New
Such species (e.g., Homeria comptonii L. Bolus, H.
Names
elegans (Jacquin) Sweet, //. ochroleuca (Salisbury)
Sweet) may be pollinated by a range of different It is premature to attempt a complete reclassifi¬
insects, and depending on the type of floral odor cation of Moraea until a more extensive molecular
and tepal markings, they may be visited by muscid analysis has been done. The degree of homoplasy
and scathophagid flies, hopbine beetles, and hal- in morphological characters renders traditional
ictid and honey bees (Goldblatt et al., 1998). Thus, phylogenetic analysis impractical. The five subgen¬
what have been considered morphological special¬ era of Moraea (Goldblatt, 1986a) thus continue to
izations deserving taxonomic recognition at generic be recognized (Table 1). Four of these, Monocepha-
level are now understood to be adaptations for a lae, Visciramosa, Vieusseuxia, and Grandiflora, ap¬
range of pollination strategies. These adaptations pear to be monophyletic. Subgenus Moraea is evi¬
have evolved repeatedly in different lineages (Gold¬ dently defined only by plesiomorphic features and
blatt, 1986b), anil, I argue, are not per se useful for is too heterogeneous to be maintained in its present
defining genera in Homeriinae. The demonstration state. It will have to be redefined. Provisionally
that species of Galaxia, Hexaglottis, and Homeria Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis, and Homeria are
are nested within Moraea now makes the reduction treated as new sections of subgenus Moraea (Table
of these genera necessary for the maintenance of a 1). Barnardiella is referred to section Moraea and
phylogenetic classification. Roggeveldia to section Polyanthes of subgenus Mo¬
Likewise, the unusual ovary of Barnardiella and raea.
374 Novon
Table 1. Outline of the current classification of Mo¬ Section Moraea
raea based on the system hy Goldblatt (1986). Generic
synonyms are indicated in parentheses under the appro¬
Moraea herrei (L. Bolus) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
priate section or subgenus.
Basionym: Homeria herrei L. Bolus, S. African
Subg. Moraea Gard. 211: 367. 1931.
Sect. Moraea
Other names: Moraea spiralis Baker, Handb. Irid. 55.
(Barnardiella Goldblatt)
1892, nom. illeg., non M. spiralis L. fil. (1782). He¬
Sect. Deserticola Goldblatt
lixyra spiralis N. E. Brown, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Africa
Sect. Subraeemosae baker
17: 349. 1929. Barnardiella spiralis (N. E. Brown)
Sect. Polyanthes Goldblatt
Goldblatt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 312. 1976.
(Roggeveldia Goldblatt)
Sect. Acaules (Baker) Goldblatt
Sect. Homeria (Ventenat) Goldblatt Section Polyanthes Goldblatt (1976)
(Homeria Ventenat; Sessilistigma Goldblatt)
Sect. Hexaglottis (Ventenat) Goldblatt
(Hexaglottis Ventenat) Moraea fistulosa (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
Sect. Gynandriris (Parlatore) Goldblatt Basionym: Roggeveldia fistulosa Goldblatt,
(Gyn an dr iris Parla tore) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: 840. 1979.
Sect. Tubiflora Goldblatt
(Helixyra Salisbury ex N. E. Brown; Rheome Goldblatt)
M. monticola Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced
Sect. Flexuosae Goldblatt
name: Roggeveldia montana Goldblatt, S. Af¬
Sect. Galaxia (Thunberg) Goldblatt
(Galaxia Thunberg) rican J. Bot. 58: 211. 1992, non M. montana
Ser. Galaxia Schlechter (1900) (= M. lurida Ker Gawler).
Ser. Eurystigma (Goldblatt) Goldblatt
Subg. Visciramosa Goldblatt Section Homeria (Ventenat) Goldblatt, comb, et
Subg. Monocephalae (Baker) Goldblatt
stat. nov. Basionym: Homeria Ventenat, Dec.
Subg. Vieusseuxia (Delaroche) Goldblatt
(Vieusseuxia Delaroche) Gen. Nov. no. 2. 1808.
Sect. Thomasiae Goldblatt
Sect. Vieusseuxia Moraea aspera Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced
Subg. Grandiflora Goldblatt name: Homeria spiralis L. Bolus, J. Bot. 69:
(Hymenostigma Hochstetter)
260. 1931, non M. spiralis L. fil. (1782) ( =
Aristea spiralis (L. fil.) Ker Gawler).
M. autuinnalis (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
In the list that follows all the species of the gen¬ Basionym: Homeria autumnalis Goldblatt,
era reduced to sectional rank are listed for com¬ Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 467. 1981.
pleteness, including those that have valid names in
Moraea. Complete lists of species assigned at the M. bifida (L. Bolus) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Basionym:
time to sections Moraea and Polyanthes are provid¬ Homeria bifida L. Bolus, Ann. Bolus Herb. 3:
ed hy Goldblatt (1986). 10. 1920.
M. brachygyne (Schlechter) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
Moraea Miller, Fig. pi. Card. Diet. 2: 159. 1766
Basionym: Homeria brachygyne Schlechter,
(as Morea). TYPE: Moraea vegeta L.
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 94. 1900.
Galaxia Thunberg, Gen. pi. nov. 50. 1782. Syn. nov.
TYPE: Galaxia graminea L. fil. (lectotype, designat¬ M. britteniae (L. Bolus) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
ed by E. P. Phillips (1951)). Basionym: Homeria britteniae L. Bolus, J. Bot.
Homeria Ventenat, Dec. gen. nov. no. 2. 1808. Syn. nov. 69: 11. 1931.
TYPE: Homeria collina (Thunberg) Ventenat.
Hexaglottis Ventenat. Dec. gen. nov. no. 3. 1808. Syn. nov. M. bulhillifera (G. J. Lewis) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
TYPE: Hexaglottis longifolia (Jacquin) Salisbury
Basionym: Homeria bulbillifera G. J. Lewis, J.
(lectotype, designated by Lewis (1959)).
Gynandriris Parlatore, Nuov. gen. sp. 49. 1854. Syn. nov. S. African Bot. 11: 117. 1945.
TV PE: Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parlatore.
Barnardiella Goldblatt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 312. M. cedarmonticola Goldblatt, nom. nov. Re¬
1976. Syn. nov. TYPE: Barnardiella spiralis (N. E. placed name: Homeria cedarmontana Gold¬
Brown) Goldblatt.
blatt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 451. 1981,
Roggeveldia Goldblatt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66: 840.
1979. Syn. nov. TYPE: Roggeveldia fistulosa Gold¬ non M. cedarmontana (Goldblatt) Goldblatt
blatt. (1998).
Volume 8, Number 4 Goldblatt 375
1998 Moraea Paraphyly
M. collina Thunberg, Moraea 11. 1787. M. louisabolusiae Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced
name: Homeria bolusiae Goldblatt, Ann. Mis¬
Other name: Homeria collina (Thunberg) Salisbury, Trans.
souri Bot. Gard. 68: 438. 1981, non M. bolusii
Hort. Soc. London 1: 307. 1812.
Baker (1892).
M. comptonii (L. Bolus) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
Basionym: Homeria comptonii L. Bolus, S. Af¬ M. inarlothii (L. Bolus) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Bas¬
rican Gard. 19: 294. 1929. ionym: Homeria marlothii L. Bolus, S. African
Gard. 19: 320. 1929.
M. cookii (L. Bolus) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Basionym:
Homeria cookii L. Bolus, FI. PI. S. Africa 8: M. miniata Andrews, Bot. Repos. 5: pi. 404. 1804.
pi. 366. 1928.
Other name: Homeria miniata (Andrews) Sweet. Brit. FI.
Gard. 2: pi. 152. 1826.
M. demissa Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced name:
Homeria tenuis Schlechter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. M. minor Ecklon, Topogr. verz. Pfianzensamml.
27: 95. 1900, non M. tenuis Ker Gawler (1802) 15. 1827.
(= M. unguiculata Ker Gawler).
Other name: Homeria minor (Ecklon) Goldblatt, Ann. Mis¬
souri Bot. Gard. 68: 473. 1981.
M. elegans Jacquin, PI. hort. schoenbr. 1: 6. 1797.
Other name: Homeria elegans (Jacquin) Sweet, Hort. brit. M. ochroleuca (Salisbury) Drapiez, Diet. Class.
395. 1826.
Nat. Sci. 4: 447. 1841.
M. fenestrata (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Other name: Homeria ochroleuca Salisbury, Irans. Hort.
Basionym: Homeria fenestrata Goldblatt, Ann. Soc. London 1: 308. 1812.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 491. 1981.
M. pallida (Baker) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Basionym:
M. flaccida Sweet, Hort. brit. 395. 1826. Homeria pallida Baker, Handb. Irid. 75. 1892.
Other name: Homeria flaccida (Sweet) Steud.. Nomencl. M. patens (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Bas¬
Bot. ed. 2, 2: 160. 1840.
ionym: Homeria patens Goldblatt, Atm. Mis¬
souri Bot. Gard. 68: 477. 1981.
M. flavescens (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
Basionym: Homeria flavescens Goldblatt, Ann.
M. pendula (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Bas¬
Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 481. 1981.
ionym: Homeria pendula Goldblatt, Ann. Mis¬
souri Bot. Gard. 68: 488. 1981.
M. fragrans Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced name:
Homeria odorata L. Bolus, Bull. Misc. Inform.
1932: 326. 1932, non M. odorata G. J. Lewis M. pyrophila Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced
name: Homeria galpinii L. Bolus, FI. PI. S.
(1941) (= M. viscaria (L. fil.) Ker Gawler).
Africa 10: pi. 417. 1931, non M. galpinii
M. fuscoinontana (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb, (Baker) N. E. Brown (1929).
nov. Basionym: Homeria fuscomontana Gold¬
blatt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 497. 1981. M. radians (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Bas¬
ionym: Sessilistigma radians Goldblatt, J. S.
M. karroica Goldblatt, nov. nov. Replaced name: African Bot. 50: 156. 1984. Homeria radians
Homeria tricolor G. J. Lewis, S. African Gard. (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, Contr. Bolus Herb. 13:
23: 266. 1933, non M. tricolor Andrews 51. 1991.
(1880).
M. reflexa Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced name:
M. knersvlaktensis Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced Homeria hantamensis Goldblatt & J. C. Man¬
name: Homeria ramosissima Schlechter, Bot. ning, FI. PL Africa 55: pi. 2128. 1997, non M.
Jahrb. Syst. 22: 95. 1900, non Moraea ramo¬ hantamensis Klatt (1882) (= M. ciliata (L. fil.)
sissima (L. fil.) Druce (1916). Ker Gawler).
M. longistyla (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. M. schlechteri (L. Bolus) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
Basionym: Homeria longistyla Goldblatt, Ann. Basionym: Homeria schlechteri L. Bolus, FI. PI.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 475. 1981. S. Africa 8: sub pl. 306. 1928.
376 Novon
M. serratostyla (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. M. contorta Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replac ed name:
Basionym: Homeria serratostyla Goldblatt, S. Gynandriris anomala Goldblatt, Bot. Not. 133:
African J. Bot. 58: 212. 1992. 250. 1980, non M. anomala G. J. Lewis
(1940).
M. vallisbelli (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
Basionym: Homeria vallisbelli Goldblatt, Ann. M. hesperantha (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov.
Basionym: Gynandriris hesperantha Goldblatt,
Missouri Bot. Card. 68: 479. 1981.
Bot. Not. 133: 248. 1980.
Section Hexaglottis (Ventenat) Goldblatt comb, et
M. mediterranea Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced
stat. nov. Basionym: Hexaglottis Ventenat, Dec.
name: Gynandriris monophylla Boissier &
gen. nov. 6. 1808.
Heldreich ex Klatt, Linnaea 34: 578. 1866,
non M. monophylla Baker (1906) (= M. tri-
Moraea brevituba (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb, petala (L. iil.) Ker Gawler).
nov. Basionym: Hexaglottis brevituba Gold¬
blatt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 74: 562. 1987. M. pritzeliana Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 17.
1900.
M. lewisiae (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Bas¬
Other name: Gynandriris pritzeliana (Diels) Goldblatt. Bot.
ionym: Hexaglottis lewisiae Goldblatt, S. Afri¬
Not. 133: 248. 1980.
can J. Bot. 37: 234. 1971.
M. setifolia (L. fil.) Druce, Bot. Exch. Club Brit.
M. longifolia (Jacquin) Persoon, Syn. pi. 1: 49. Isles Rep. 1916: 363. 1916.
1805. Basionym: Ixia longifolia Jacquin, Hort.
Other name: Gynandriris setifolia (L. fil.) Foster, Contr.
bot. vindob. 3: 47 & pi. 90. 1776. Hexaglottis
Gray Herb. 114: 40. 1936.
longifolia (Jacquin) Salisbury, Trans. Hort.
Soc. 1: 313. 1918. 1812, non M. longifolia M. siinulans Baker, Handb. Irid. 58. 1892.
(Schneevoogt) Sweet (1830) (= M. fugax (De-
laroche) Jacquin (1776)). Other name: Gynandriris simulans (Baker) R. C. F'oster,
Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 40. 1936.
M. naniaquana (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. M. sisyrincliiuin (L.) Ker Gawler, Ann. Bot. (Kon-
Basionym: Hexaglottis namaquana Goldblatt, ig & Sims) 1: 201. 1805.
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 554. 1987.
Other names: Gynandriris sisyrinehium (L.) Parlatore,
Nuov. gen. sp. 49. 1854; Iris sisyrinehium L., Sp. PI.
M. riparia (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Bas¬ 40. 1753.
ionym: Hexaglottis riparia Goldblatt, Ann.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 559. 1987. Section Galaxia (Thunberg) Goldblatt, comb, et
stat. nov. Basionym: Gilaxia Thunberg, Gen.
M. virgata Jacquin, Icon. pi. rar. 2: pi. 228. 1791 pi. nov. 50. 1782.
et Collecteana 3: 194. 1791.
Series Galaxia
Other name: Hexaglottis virgata (Jacquin) Sweet, Hort.
Brit. ed. 2. 498. 1830.
Moraea albiflora (G. J. Lewis) Goldblatt, comb,
nov. Basionym: Gilaxia albiflora G. J. Lewis,
Section Gynandriris (Parlatore) Goldblatt, comb,
J. S. African Bot. 7: 44. 1941.
et stat. nov. Basionym: Gynandriris Parlatore,
Nuov. Gen. Sp. 49. 1854.
M. angulata Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced name:
Galaxia alata Goldblatt, J. S. African Bot. 45:
Moraea australis Goldblatt, comb. nov. Basionym: 418. 1979, non M. alata Vahl (1804) (= Sis-
Gynandriris australis Goldblatt, Bot. Not. 133: yrinchium sp.).
251. 1980.
M. fugacissima (L. fil.) Goldblatt, comb. nov. Bas¬
M. cedarniontana (Goldblatt) Goldblatt, comb, ionym: Ixia fugacissima L. fil., Suppl. PI. 94.
nov. Basionym: Gynandriris cedarmontana 1782. Gilaxia fugacissima (L. fil.) Druce, Bot.
Goldblatt, Bot. Not. 133: 250. 1980. Exch. (dub Brit. Isles Rep. 1916: 624. 1916.
Volume 8, Number 4 Goldblatt 377
1998 Moraea Paraphyly
M. kamiesensis Goldblatt, nom. nov. Replaced M. versicolor (Salisbury ex Klatt) Goldblatt,
name: Galaxia grandiflora Andrews, Bot. Re¬ comb. nov. Basionym: Galaxia versicolor Sal¬
pos. pi. 164. 1801, non M. grandiflora Sesse isbury ex Klatt, Linnaea 32: 783. 1863.
& Mogino (1893) (— Tigrulia sp.).
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