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Reducing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility PDF

320 Pages·2004·5.83 MB·English
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Committee on Developing a Strategy to Reduce and Prevent Underage Drinking Richard J. Bonnie and Mary Ellen O’Connell, Editors Board on Children, Youth, and Families Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee respon- sible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This project, N01-OD-4-2139, Task Order No. 109, received support from the evaluation set-aside Section 513, Public Health Service Act, of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government. International Standard Book Number 0-309-08965-4 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http:// www.nap.edu. Printed in the United States of America. Cover: First Night celebrations are meant to recapture the symbolic significance of the passage from the old year to the new; to unite the community through a shared cultural celebration; to deepen and broaden the public appreciation of the visual and performing arts; to help revital- ize the urban core of a community; and to offer a family-friendly, alcohol-free alternative to traditional New Year’s Eve revelry. For more information or to find a First Night Celebration near you go to www.firstnight.com. Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Suggested citation: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2003). Reducing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility. Committee on Develop- ing a Strategy to Reduce and Prevent Underage Drinking, Richard J. Bonnie and Mary Ellen O’Connell, Editors. Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Acad- emy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engi- neers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer- ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is presi- dent of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org COMMITTEE ON DEVELOPING A STRATEGY TO REDUCE AND PREVENT UNDERAGE DRINKING RICHARD J. BONNIE (Chair), School of Law, University of Virginia MARILYN AGUIRRE-MOLINA, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University PHILIP J. COOK, Department of Public Policy Studies, Duke University JUDITH A. CUSHING, The Oregon Partnership, Portland JOEL W. GRUBE, Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California BONNIE HALPERN-FELSHER, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco WILLIAM B. HANSEN, Tanglewood Research Inc., Greensboro, North Carolina DENISE HERD, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley ROBERT HORNIK, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia JANIS JACOBS, Undergraduate Education and International Programs, Pennsylvania State University MARK H. MOORE, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University DANIEL A. TRUJILLO, Department of Community Development and Substance Abuse Programs, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MARY ELLEN O’CONNELL, Study Director JOAH IANNOTTA, Research Associate SUSAN McCUTCHEN, Research Associate ANTHONY MANN, Senior Project Assistant MICHAEL BIEHL, Consultant v BOARD ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES MICHAEL COHEN (Chair), Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York JAMES A. BANKS, Center for Multicultural Education, University of Washington, Seattle THOMAS DEWITT, Children’s Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati, Ohio MARY JANE ENGLAND, Regis College, Weston, Massachusetts BRENDA ESKENAZI, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley MINDY FULLILOVE, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University PATRICIA GREENFIELD, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles RUTH T. GROSS, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University NEAL HALFON, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles MAXINE HAYES, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington MARGARET HEAGARTY, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University, (retired) RENÉE R. JENKINS, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University, Washington, DC HARRIET KITZMAN, School of Nursing, University of Rochester, New York SANDERS KORENMAN, School of Public Affairs, Baruch College, City University of New York HONORABLE CINDY LEDERMAN, Juvenile Justice Center, Miami, Florida GARY SANDEFUR, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin- Madison RUTH STEIN, Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York ELLEN WARTELLA, College of Communication, University of Texas vi Acknowledgments n addition to the expertise and hard work of the committee members, we benefited from the expertise and intellectual insights of a range of leaders I in the field who enthusiastically contributed to the project. Numerous leading researchers wrote papers on a range of topics that helped to inform the work of the committee; see Appendix D for a list of their names. Most of these papers were presented by the lead author and discussed at an October 2002 workshop, and many of the papers are published as a separate volume to this report, Reducing Underage Drinking: Issues and Interventions. The many participants at this workshop (see Appendix B) helped to enrich the discussion. The committee is grateful for their insights. The committee would also like to acknowledge contributions of Robert Pandina, Rutgers University, who shared his extensive expertise as a re- spondent at the workshop. In November 2002 numerous individuals and organizations concerned with underage drinking provided written and verbal comments to the com- mittee on their research findings, priorities, and concerns. We are thankful for the tireless, continued efforts of these groups: see Appendix C for the meeting agenda and participants. The committee also thanks Jeff Arnett, University of Maryland, for his insightful comments on youth perspectives at the November meeting. Dozens of stakeholders and scientists provided program materials, lit- erature, and other written materials or responded to requests for informa- tion from the committee; see Appendix D. vii viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with proce- dures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council (NRC). The purpose of this independent review is to provide can- did and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confiden- tial to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals for their review of this report: David S. Anderson, Center for the Advancement of Public Health, George Mason University; Johnnetta Davis-Joyce, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD; Mary Jane England, Regis College; Susan Ennett, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina; Rob MacCoun, Goldman School of Public Policy and Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley; Michael Moore, Darden School of Business, University of Virginia; Rosalie Pacula, RAND, Santa Monica, CA; Seth J. Schwartz, Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine; Jose Szapocznik, Center for Family Studies, Depart- ment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine; Larry Wallack, School of Community Health, Portland State University; and Henry Wechsler, Harvard School of Public Health. Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by David S. Cordray, Insti- tute for Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University, and John E. Dowling, The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an inde- pendent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully con- sidered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution. The committee recognizes the support provided by members of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families under the leadership of Michael Cohen. We are grateful for the leadership and support of Susanne Stoiber, executive officer of the Institute of Medicine; Michael Feuer, executive director of the NRC’s Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Edu- cation (DBASSE); his predecessor, Barbara Torrey; Jane Ross, director of the Center for Economic and Social Sciences; and Susan Cummins, former director of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix Finally, the committee benefited from the support and assistance of several members of The National Academies staff. Joah Iannotta and Susan McCutchen provided valuable assistance in collecting, summarizing, and organizing materials and helping draft sections of the report. The research needs of the project were greatly aided by the able assistance of Georgeann Higgins of the National Research Council library. Anthony Mann managed numerous and sometimes complicated administrative responsibilities. We are indebted to Eugenia Grohman, who worked with us on several revisions and provided superb editorial guidance; and Yvonne Wise, who helped prepare the report for publication. We also acknowledge Michael Biehl, University of California, San Fran- cisco, who tirelessly prepared analyses of National Household Survey on Drug Abuse data and provided invaluable assistance to the committee. Richard J. Bonnie, Chair Mary Ellen O’Connell, Study Director Committee on Developing a Strategy to Reduce and Prevent Underage Drinking

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