Reducing Soil-Borne Diseases of Potatoes Shellfish Processing Waste and Compost

30 Pages·2010·1.41 MB·English

by  Sandra Hindson

Reducing Soil-Borne Diseases of Potatoes
using
Shellfish Processing Waste and Compost
R Henry, R.D. Peters, and J.A. MacLeod,
1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Crops and Livestock Research Centre,
440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6;
Chitin – In Nature
Insects and Arachnids
Marine Invertebrates
Fungi and Algae
Chitin Structure
Chitin
 non-toxic, biodegradable, naturally-
occurring polysaccharide
 second most abundant natural polymer
after cellulose
Shellfish Processing Waste
14 – 35% chitin (dry weight basis)
 2 - 4% Nitrogen
15 - 20 % Calcium
Applications
Health Care Food and Beverages
• wound dressing and healing • preservative/stabilizer
• surgical sutures • anticholesterol and fat-binding
• arthritis • flavours and tastes
• orthopaedics
• pharmaceuticals
• cosmetics
Waste Treatment Agriculture
• removal of metal ions • insecticides
• purify drinking water • fungicides
• pools and spas • seed, in-furrow,
• product separation and • foliar and post-harvest
recovery treatments
Possible mechanisms of disease control
 antimicrobial properties

 stimulation of host resistance mechanisms
 enhance complement of beneficial bacteria and fungi
- chitinolytic species – this work
- competitive effects
- direct antibiosis
Successful disease control reports
common scab of potato
 grey mold of fruits
 blue mold of fruits
 Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato
 green mold of citrus
 downy mildew of grapes
 powdery mildew
Only a handful of registered products available.
Objectives

Is shellfish waste and shellfish waste compost an
effective source of plant nutrition and biological
control method for soil-borne fungi diseases of
potatoes?

Is disease suppression related to the complex
of soil organisms?
Methodology
Cultivar: Superior (white skin and flesh)
Field Treatment:
A. raw lobster waste - 10,000 lbs/ac
B. compost – 10,000 lbs/ac
C. conventional fertilizer (control) 120 N
Application: Banded or Broadcast
Field Design: 4 replications, 6 plots/rep
Making a seafood based compost,
with moderate N release ability
Lay down 12 inch bed of straw
 Add shell waste
Cover with wet sawdust