Redirections in the Study of Expert Labour Established Professions and New Expert Occupations Edited by Daniel Muzio, Stephen Ackroyd and Jean-François Chanlat Redirections in the Study of Expert Labour October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-i 9781403_998705_01_prexiv AlsobyStephenAckroyd DATACOLLECTIONINCONTEXT(withJohnA.Hughes) INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYANDPRACTICALPOLICEWORK(withJohn A.Hughes,K.L.SoothillandR.R.Harper) ORGANISATIONALMISBEHAVIOUR(withPaulThompson) REALISTPERSPECTIVESONMANAGEMENTANDORGANISATION(withSteve Fleetwood) THEORGANISATIONOFBUSINESS:ApplyingOrganisationTheoryto ContemporaryChange CRITICALREALISTAPPLICATIONSINORGANISATIONANDMANAGEMENT STUDIES(withSteveFleetwood) THENEWMANAGERIALISMANDTHEPUBLICSERVICEPROFESSIONS (withIanKirkpatrickandRichardWalker) THEOXFORDHANDBOOKOFWORKANDORGANISATION(withRoseBatt, PamelaTolbertandPaulThompson) AlsobyJean-FrançoisChanlat L’ANALYSEDESORGANISATIONSUNEANTHOLOGIESOCIOLOGIQUETOME ILESTHÉORIESDEL’ORGANISATION(withF.Séguin) L’ANALYSEDESORGANISATIONSUNEANTHOLOGIESOCIOLOGIQUETOME IILESCOMPOSANTESDEL’ORGANISATION(withF.Séguin) L’INDIVIDUDANSL’ORGANISATIONLESDIMENSIONSOUBLIÉES SCIENCESSOCIALESETMANAGEMENT GESTIONENCONTEXTEINTERCULTUREL:Problématiques,Approcheset Pratiques(withEduardoDavelandJean-PierreDupuis) CULTURESETGESTIONDANSLEMONDECONTEMPORAIN:LaPlongée Interculturelle(dir)(withEduardoDavelandJean-PierreDupuis) L’ANALYSEDESORGANISATIONSPERSPECTIVESCONTEMPORAINES ANALISEDASORGANIZAÇOES,PERSPECTIVASLATINAS(withRobertFachin andTâniaFischer) October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-ii 9781403_998705_01_prexiv Redirections in the Study of Expert Labour Established Professions and New Expert Occupations Editedby Daniel Muzio, Stephen Ackroyd and Jean-François Chanlat October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-iii 9781403_998705_01_prexiv Selectionandeditorialmatter©DanielMuzio,StephenAckroydand Jean-FrançoisChanlat2008 Individualchapters©Contributors2008 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, 90TottenhamCourtRoad,LondonW1T4LP. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentified astheauthorsofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2008by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XSand 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10010 Companiesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld PALGRAVEMACMILLANistheglobalacademicimprintofthePalgrave MacmillandivisionofSt.Martin’sPress,LLCandofPalgraveMacmillanLtd. Macmillan(cid:2)isaregisteredtrademarkintheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom andothercountries.PalgraveisaregisteredtrademarkintheEuropean Unionandothercountries. ISBN-13:978(cid:3)1(cid:3)4039(cid:3)9870(cid:3)5hardback ISBN-10:1(cid:3)4039(cid:3)9870(cid:3)1hardback Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby CPIAntonyRowe,ChippenhamandEastbourne October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-iv 9781403_998705_01_prexiv Contents ListofTables vii ListofFigures viii Acknowledgements ix NotesonContributors x 1 Introduction: Lawyers, Doctors and Business Consultants 1 Daniel Muzio, Stephen Ackroyd and Jean-François Chanlat Part I Developments in the Legal Profession 2 Change in the Legal Profession: Professional Agency and the Legal Labour Process 31 Daniel Muzio and Stephen Ackroyd 3 Partnership and Professionalism in Global Law Firms: Resurgent Professionalism? 52 John Flood 4 Developments in the Jurisdictions of In-House Legal Advisors: Researching the Australian Experience 75 Ashly Pinnington and Yuliani Suseno Part II Interpreting Change in Contemporary Medicine 5 Medicine, Nursing and Changing Professional Jurisdictions in the UK 101 Mike Dent 6 Organization and Subjectivity in the US Medical Profession: Physician Responses to Structural Changes within Advanced Capitalism 118 Theresa A. Domagalski 7 Community, Market, and Hierarchy in the Evolving Organization of Professional Work: The Case of Medicine 139 Paul S. Adler and Seok-Woo Kwon v October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-v 9781403_998705_01_prexiv vi Contents Part III New Expert Labour: Management Consultancy and Related Occupations 8 From Taylorism as Product to Taylorism as Process: Knowledge-Intensive Firms in a Historical Perspective 163 Matthias Kipping and Ian Kirkpatrick 9 Knowledge Narratives and Heterogeneity in Management Consultancy and Business Services 183 RobinFincham,TimothyClark,KarenHandleyand Andrew Sturdy 10 ŽGive Professionalization a Chance!^ Why Management Consulting May Yet Become a Full Profession 204 Christopher D. McKenna 11 The New Professionals: Professionalisation and the Struggle for Occupational Control in the Field of Project Management 217 Damian Hodgson References 235 AuthorIndex 266 SubjectIndex 269 October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-vi 9781403_998705_01_prexiv List of Tables 2.1 Percentageandabsolutenumberoffirms,solicitorsand revenuesacrosssizebands(1989–1990and1999–2000) 37 8.1 Three waves of consultancy development in the twentiethcentury 168 8.2 Differentmodesoforganizingineachwave 172 9.1 Dimensionsofknowledgenarratives 190 9.2 Definingthecasestudynarratives 197 10.1 Thetwofunctionsofprofessionals:knowledgetransfer andlegitimacy 212 vii October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-vii 9781403_998705_01_prexiv List of Figures 2.1 TheproportionofprincipalsandassociatesintheEnglish andWelshsolicitorfirms 39 2.2 Ratiooffee-earnerstonon-fee-earningstaff 42 2.3 Annual percentage change in the employment of qualified solicitors and non-fee-earners and annual percentagechangeingrossfeestoallsolicitorfirms 1988/1989–1999/2000 45 10.1 Triangulartradeoffsinprofessionalization 209 11.1 MembershipofPMI(1970–2005) 225 11.2 TotalnumberofPMIProjectManagementProfessionals (PMPS)(2004onwards) 226 11.3 PMIsourcesofrevenueandexpenditure 229 viii October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-viii 9781403_998705_01_prexiv Acknowledgements Professionals and other experts have been the subject of much discus- sion amongst colleagues in organisation studies and related fields in recent years. They have been discussed in various conferences and workshops,includingseminarsintheLancasterUniversityInstitutefor Advanced Study in Management and the Social Sciences in 2005 and 2006. However, the present project crystallised in 2005, in the context ofthe4thconferenceonCriticalManagementStudiesattheUniversity of Cambridge, when, as the organisers of a stream on the profes- sions and expert occupations, we realised that it would be possible to bring together contributions from a number of leading scholars and researchers who were focussing on similar themes and issues, but were interested in very different occupations. We saw then that it would be possible to make a well-focussed comparison of the current situation of the key occupations of medicine, law and management consultancy. Selected contributions presented to the Cambridge CMS conference make up the bulk of this book, however these chapters have been augmented and integrated with a small number of specially commissionedadditions. Theeditorswouldliketothankthefollowinggroupsandindividuals in the academic community. There are many organisers, contributors and participants to the above conferences and workshops: people who gave material and not merely tacit support to our endeavours. In addi- tion we would like to mention by name the following people: Bob Jessop, Steve Fleetwood, David Cooper, Royston Greenwood, David Brock, Glenn Morgan, Sigrid Quack, Mike Reed, James Faulconbridge, SharonBolton,GerryHanlon,FrankMuller,LauraEmpson,TimMorris and David Sugarman. We would also like to extend our gratitude to the publisher, Palgrave Macmillan, and in particular to the commis- sioningeditorsVirginiaThorpandJackyKippenberger,fortheirsupport and patience in front of the complications and delays that this project generated. Finally, we would like to thank Blackwell Publishing for grantingthepermissiontoreprintsectionsfrom‘OntheConsequences of Defensive Professionalism: The Transformation of the Legal Labour Process’byDanielMuzioandStephenAckroyd,originallypublishedin 2005intheJournalofLawandSociety,32(4),pp.615–642. ix October26,2007 20:23 MAC/RIS Page-ix 9781403_998705_01_prexiv
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