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Redescription Of The Poorly Known Porcelain Crab, Lissoporcellana Nakasonei (Miyake, 1978) (Crustacea : Decapoda : Anomura : Porcellanidae) PDF

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Preview Redescription Of The Poorly Known Porcelain Crab, Lissoporcellana Nakasonei (Miyake, 1978) (Crustacea : Decapoda : Anomura : Porcellanidae)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON lll(4):875-882. 1998. Redescription of the poorly known porcelain crab, Lissoporcellana nakasonei (Miyake, 1978) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) Masayuki Osawa Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1, Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan — Abstract. Lissoporcellana nakasonei (Miyake, 1978a) is redescribed based on the holotype specimen, which Miyake (1957) established as Porcellana maculata, and on material recently obtained. Miyake's P. maculata is ajunior primary homonym ofP. maculata H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (=Neopetrolisthes maculatus) and was replaced with P. nakasonei by Miyake (1978a). Reexam- ination of Miyake's specimen has revealed that P. nakasonei belongs in Lis- soporcellana and resembles L. miyakei Haig, 1981 more closely than previ- ously realized. Lissoporcellana nakasonei is distinguishable from L. miyakei primarily by the subparallel branchial margins of the carapace. Lissoporcellana nakasonei (Miyake, Examination ofthe holotype ofMiyake's 1978a) was originally described as Porcel- species and comparison with material re- lana maculata by Miyake (1957), based on cently obtained from Kushimoto near the three male specimens collected from Tana- type locality, have confirmed that Porcel- be Bay, Wakayama Prefecture (Kii Penin- lana nakasonei belongs in the genus Lis- sula of Honshu mainland, Japan). In a spe- soporcellana. This species is here rede- cies list of decapod crustaceans around the scribed in detail, and is compared with the Amakusa Marine Biological Laboratory on closely similar congener, L. miyakei Haig, the western coast of Kyushu, Japan, a new 1981. name, Porcellana nakasonei, was proposed The carapace length (CL), an indication by Miyake (1978a) for his P. maculata of specimen size, was measured from the without comment, but probably because he anteromedian notch of rostrum to the pos- noticed that the latter name was a junior teromedian end of carapace. Measurements primary homonym of Porcellana maculata of chelipeds were made as follows: length H. Milne Edwards, 1837 [=Neopetrolisthes of carpus, along dorsomedian longitudinal maculatus (H. Milne Edwards)]. Miyake's axis, and breadth on dorsal transverse mid- taxon can be readily distinguished from H. line (excluding the extensor teeth); length Milne Edwards' by the structure ofthe car- of chela, along extensor margin, and height apace. Haig (1978), unaware of Miyake's along dorsodistal transverse line of palm; replacement of the name, assigned his Por- and length of dactyl, along flexor margin. cellana maculata to her new genus Lisso- Measurements of ambulatory legs were porcellana in a revision of the genus Por- made as follows: length of merus, carpus, cellana Lamarck, 1801, and also pointed and propodus, along extensor margin; and out that Miyake's species required a new height of propodus along lateral transverse name because of the homonymy; however, midline. The holotype remains deposited in she did not examine material of Miyake's the Seto Marine Biological Laborotory, taxon. Kyoto University (SMBL) and additional 876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON specimens examined are deposited in the with median longitudinal, shallow groove Natural History Museum and Institute, Chi- extending near protogastric region, divided ba (CBM). into 2 sublobes by V- or U-shaped anterior notch bearing 1 or 2 small spines or minute Lissoporcellana nakasonei denticles; lateral lobes curved inwards on (Miyake, 1978a) lateral distal margin, sharply pointed ante- Figs. 1-3 riorly; dorsal surface with numerous, very Porcellana maculata Miyake, 1957:75, short, faint, transverse striae. Orbits (Fig. IK, L) relatively shallow; supra-orbital figs. 1-3 (type locality: Shis—o-jima, Tan- abe Bay, Wakayama Pref.). Miyake et margin strongly oblique, slightly convex, al., 1962:125 (list). Not Porcellana ma- unarmed; outer orbital angle produced into culata H. Milne Edwards, 1837 [=Neo- acute, small or minute spine. Protogastric petrolisthes maculatus (H. Milne Ed- ridge almost very weakly demarcated. Gas- wards)]. tric region covered with short, faint, trans- Porcellana nakasonei Miyake, 1978a:28 verse striae. Hepatic regions less striate (list); 1978b:173 (key, English part), 149 than in gastric and branchial regions, bear- (key, Japanese part). — ing minute setae; lateral margin with strong Lissoporcellana maculata. Haig, 1978: acute spine. Cervical grooves weakly de- 712. — marcated. Anterior branchial regions with Lissoporcellana nakasonei. Miyake, short, faint, transverse striae less numerous 1982:204 (list), 240 (key). than in gastric region. Inner posterior bran- — chial and cardiac regions punctate or weak- Material examined. Holotype, male ly striate, several striae with short setae. (CL 3.8 nmi), Shiso-jima (Tanabe Bay, Pterygostomian flaps (Fig. IB, C) with Shirahama, Wakayama Pref.), commensal strong longitudinal ridges, relativelyweakly with Dendronephthya gloriosa, lobster gill net, —1 May 1954, coll. T. Yamamoto, SMBL npoairnrtoewd;poasntteerrioordloyr;salantmearirogrinangwliethacsumtaellly 164. 1 male (CL 3.4 mm), Takatomi, Ku- spine near posterior end. shimoto, Wakayama Pref., associated with Third thoracic sternite (Fig. IG, H) rather Dendronephthya nipponica, lobster gill net, 31 Mar 1995, coll. M. Osawa, CBM-ZC weakly depressed, trilobate anteriorly; me- 3687.—1 female (CL 3.2 mm), 1 ovig. fe- dian lobe much broader than laterals, with male (CL 3.7 mm), data as in CBM-ZC broadly truncate anterior margin; lateral lobes narrow, not exceeding median, with 3687, but attached to different host colony, CBM-ZC 3688. rounded apex. Fourth thoracic sternite with — Description. Carapace (Fig. lA, B) series of short, faint striae bearing several weakly or moderately convex dorsally, ap- short or long setae along strongly concave, proximately 1.2 times as long as broad, anterior margin. broadest on medianbranchial margin. Bran- Telson (Fig. II) composed of 7 plates; chial margins very weakly convex, subpar- proximolateral plates much smaller than allel, without distinct longitudinal ridge; an- others; distal plates relatively broad. terior margin minutely denticulate, 1 or 2 Ocular peduncles (Fig. IK) large, short, spines at anterior comer larger than others; with several short and long striae on dorsal median margin with well developed spine; surface; dorsal extension onto cornea posterior margin and adjacent region with broadly triangular, with rounded apex. long oblique rugae. Rostrum (Fig. ID-F) Basal segment of antennular peduncles broad, horizontal, produced well beyond (Fig. IJ) transversely rugose on anterior re- eyes, trilobate anteriorly; median lobe ap- gion ofventral surface. Anterior margin mi- proximately 3.0 times as broad as laterals. nutely denticulate or tuberculate except for VOLUME 111, NUMBER 4 877 Fig. I. Lissoporcellana nakasonei (Miyake, 1978a). A, C, D, G, I, K, M, N, holotype, male (CL 3.8 mm, SMBL 164); B, E, H, J, L, O, male (CL 3.4mm, CBM-ZC 3687); F, ovig. female (CL3.7 mm, CBM-ZC 3688). A, carapace, dorsal; B, carapace and left pterygostomian flap, lateral; C, right pterygostomian flap, lateral; D, rostrum, dorsal; E, F, same, median lobe, dorsal; G, H, anterior thoracic stemites, ventral; L telson, exposed; J, left basal segment ofantennular peduncle, ventral; K, right anterior lateral part ofcarapace, eye, and antennal peduncle, dorsal; L, leftanteriorlateralpartofcarapace andantennalpeduncle, dorsal; M, righteyeandantennal peduncle, lateral; N, right third maxilliped, merus and exopod, ventral; O, left third maxilliped, ventral. Scales equal 1.0 mm. 878 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 2. Lissoporcellana nakasonei (Miyake, 1978a). A, B, D, E, G, I, J, L, N, P-S, holotype, male (CL 3.8 mm, SMBL 164); C, F, H, K, O, T male (CL 3.4 mm, CBM-ZC 3687); M, ovig. female (CL 3.7 mm, CBM- ZC 3688). A, larger cheliped, right, dorsal; B, same, chela, dorsoextensor; C, same, carpus, dorsal; D, same, ventral; E, F, same, merus, distoflexorcorner, ventral; G, H, same, chelae, distal part, ventral; I, smallercheHped, left dorsal; J, same, chela, dorsoextensor; K, same, merus and carpus, dorsal; L, M, same, immovable VOLUME 111, NUMBER 4 879 Fig. 3. Lissoporcellana nakasonei (Miyake, 1978a). Entire animal, dorsal. A, male (CL 3.4 mm), CBM-ZC 3687; B, female (CL 3.2 mm), CBM-ZC 3688. 2 strong acute spines at mesial comer. Lat- of short rugae along extensor margin on eral margin fringed with short setae. ventral surface. Propodus relatively slender, Antennal peduncles (Fig. IK-M) rela- nearly smooth except for short rugae along tively short; first segment irmnovable, fol- extensor margin. Dactyl small, subtriangu- lowing 3 segments movable. First segment lar; ventral surface smooth. Merus to dactyl largest, strongly produced forwardin lateral with long setae on flexor margin (not illus- view, broadly in contact with anterior mar- trated). Exopod laminate, relatively robust; gin of carapace, acutely pointed anteriorly; proximal region strongly inflated; distal re- with longitudinal rugose ridge along ventral gion slender, with flagellum. margin. Second segment with slender spine Chelipeds (Fig. 2A-0) subcylindrical, near anterior distal comer. Third segment unequal (right larger than left in three of rather weakly elongate; anterior margin four specimens examined), not showing with minute protuberances, distal corner sexual dimorphism. Larger cheliped (Fig. usually with small spine (unarmed or with 2A-H) with short merus; dorsal surface weakly developed spine in each side ofho- transversely rugose, with distinct transverse lotype). Fourth segment small, rounded. ridge submedially; dorsoflexormargincren- Dorsal and ventral surfaces of second to ulated, distally with rounded or subrectan- fourth segments slightly rugose. gular lobe bearing small spine; dorsodistal Third maxillipeds (Fig. IN, O) with is- margin unarmed; ventral surfacetransverse- chium broad, ovate, transversely rugose on ly rugose, flexor comer with moderately or ventral surface; with longitudinal ridge well developed, acute spine. Carpus 1.7-1.8 along extensor margin; distoextensorcomer times as long as broad, broadened distally; with slender projection. Merus with lami- dorsal surface with numerous, faint, short nate, subrectangular lobe bearing rounded transverse rugae; dorsoextensor margin projection on ventroflexor margin; moder- with strong oblique rugae, unarmed entire- ately rugose on ventral surface. Carpus with ly; dorsoflexor margin weakly concave, broad triangular projection on median re- slightly crenulated, lacking or with up to 3 gion offlexor margin and longitudinal rows acutely pointed, small teeth; dorsodistal finger, distal end, extensor; N, O, same, chela, distal part, ventral; P, right first ambulatory leg, lateral; Q, right second ambulatory leg, lateral; R, same, dactyl and distal part of propodus, lateral; S, right third ambulatory leg, lateral; T, male pleopod on second abdominal somite, inner. Scales equal 1.0 mm. 880 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON margin with broad rounded lobe on flexor mately 0.5 of chela length, slightly longer part; ventral surface weakly rugose trans- than fixed finger. versely, flexor margin slightly crenulate. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 2P-S) relatively Chela relatively narrow, elongate, approxi- slender, with scattered, short and relatively mately 2.1 times as long as carpus, 2.9 long setae (propodus and dactyl more se- times as long as high, lying on extensor tose than in other segments). Merus elon- side; dactyl opening at more or less sharply gate, first and second legs subequal andlon- oblique angle; extensor margin thin, weakly ger than third, lateral surface with short concave on distal Vs, unarmed except for transverse rugae, extensor margin unarmed serrated or denticulate distal part of palm but slightly serrated, distoflexor part with and fixed finger, with short or minute setae rounded lobe minutely granulated or serrat- on median part ofpalmto fixed finger. Palm ed marginally. Carpus with 1 or 2 weakly with dorsal surface convex, covered with marked, longitudinal rows ofshortrugae on faint, short oblique rugae or small pits, no lateral surface; disto-extensor comer un- distinct median longitudinal ridge; dorso- armed. Propodus 1.6-1.7 times as long as flexor margin with longitudinal rugose carpus, 4.0-4.1 times as long as high; lat- ridge; ventral surface obliquely rugose. eral surface with several short, oblique ru- Fixed finger with slightly curved distal gae; flexor margin with 4 movable spines, claw; dorsal surface with very short rugae, distal pair much larger than median and small pits, and several minute setae; dor- subdistal spines. Dactyl terminating in nar- soflexor proximal part with broad, weakly row, moderately or strongly curved claw; developed rounded projection extending flexor margin with 3 corneous spines pro- gressively smaller proximally, proximal 2 onto dactyl; cutting edge minutely tuber- culate, median part with broad, low, round- spines movable, distal spine fixed, distinctly larger than others, with enlarged, produced ed or subtriangular tooth; ventral surface base adjacent to terminal claw. with very short rugae and small pits, prox- Fifth pereopod small, slender, chelate; imal flexor part with fringe of short setae propodus with approximately 10hooked se- extending to cutting edge. Dactyl approxi- tae. mately 0.4 of chela length, as long as fixed Males with pair of developed pleopods finger, with strongly curved distal claw, on second abdominal somite (Fig. 2T); pro- dorsal and ventral surfaces with very short topod naked; endopod spoon-shaped, ovate rugae and small pits; cutting edge minutely with narrowly rounded distal apex, bearing tuberculate, with broad, rounded tooth and numerous marginal setae except for proxi- more or less developed fringe ofshort setae mal part; exopod small, ovate, naked; no on ventral proximal part. traces of pleopods on third to fifth abdom- Smaller cheliped (Fig. 2I-0) almost inal somites. Females with paired pleopods identical to larger, except for: carpus lack- on third to fifth abdominal somites; third ing or with up to 4 acutely pointed, small pair small, fourth and fifth pairs well de- teeth on dorsoflexor margin; chela narrow- veloped. — er, approximately 3.5 times as long as high, Color (Fig. 3A, B). Background color with dactyl usually opening at near vertical of carapace, abdomen, and pereopods angle; fingers crossed distally, with more white. Carapace with reddish line along sharply pointed claw; fixed finger with dor- protogastric ridge and lateral lobes of ros- sal surface provided with broad subtrian- trum, and reddish ovate ring markings on gular or narrowly pointed projection ex- following regions: 2 in frontal, 1 in gastric, tending onto dactyl on proximal flexor part, and 3 in branchial regions, each sometimes cutting edge lacking distinct tooth, distal with smaller markings. Chelipeds with sev- end weakly bifurcate; and dactyl approxi- eral scattered, reddish ovate markings on VOLUME 111, NUMBER 4 dorsal surface. Ambulatory legs with 2 or bifurcation onthe fixed fingerofthe smaller 3 reddish, longitudinal stripes on lateral sur- cheliped, and armature of dactyls of am- face. — bulatory legs, were found to be incorrect Habitat. The specimens recently ob- during the present study. Lissoporcellana tained were found on colonies of a reddish nakasonei, however, can be distinguished alcyonacean octocoral, Dendronephthya from L. miyakei by another character on the nipponica Utinomi, caught with gill nets carapace. The branchial margins are sub- used in spiny lobster fishing. The nets are parallel in L. nakasonei, whereas they are generally set in depths of approximately 20 strongly convex in L. miyakei. m on rocky sho—re. Haig (1978) mentioned that Monod's Distribution. This species has been re- (1973) ''Porcellana sp." was perhaps iden- corded only from Japan, southwestern coast tical with Lissoporcellana nakasonei (as L. of Kii Peninsula of Honshu mainland (Mi- maculata). However, Monod's figures (figs. yake 1957, present study) and Amakusa in 44-51) show a female specimen that differs the middle western coast of Kyushu (Mi- from L. nakasonei in having strongly con- yake et al. 1—962). vex branchial margins of the carapace with Remarks. The present species is assign- two spines on the median part. As the ar- able to Lissoporcellana based on the fol- mature ofthe anteriormargin oftherostrum lowing: rather smooth (weakly striate) car- and the branchial margins of the carapace apace with a broad, horizontal trilobate ros- of his specimen does not appear to fit any trum (median lobe with an anterior notch) known species of Lissoporcellana, it may and indistinctly marked regions; first seg- well belong to another, perhaps undescribed ment of antennal peduncle strongly pro- species. duced forward in lateral view, and broadly Lissoporcellana now contains nine Indo- in contact with anterior margin ofcarapace; West Pacific species (Haig 1981, Yang & unequal, subcylindrical chelipeds with fin- Sun 1992). Most of the species are known gers opening at a rather sharply oblique an- to be associated with sponges, hydrozoans, gle; and asymmetry ofchelipeds in size and or anthozoans such as scleractinians, anti- armature ofcarpus and chela, and degree of patharians, alcyonaceans, and gorgonaceans bending of fingers (indistinctly bent), not (Haig 1981). Lissoporcellana nitida (Has- due to sexual dimorphism. well, 1882) and L. furcillata (Haig, 1965), Reexamination of the holotype specimen in particular, are quite distinct in that the has revealed that a number of features had dactyls of the ambulatory legs have deeply not been previously reported: the fingers of bifurcated tips forming two strong fixed both chelae possess a weakly developed claws (see Haig 1965). Although this struc- fringe ofshort setae on the ventral proximal ture resembles those of species of the com- base and cutting edges; the fixed finger of mensal genera such as Polyonyx Stimpson, & the smaller chela is weakly bifurcate at the 1858, Aliaporcellana Nakasone Miyake, distal end; and the propodi of all three am- 1969, and Eulenaios Ng & Nakasone, 1993 bulatory legs are provided with a median (see Ng & Nakasone 1993, Ng & Saseku- small spine on the flexor margin and their mar 1993, Ng & Goh 1996), Lissoporcel- dactyls have a fixed spine with an enlarged, lana seems to be more allied to Pisidia produced base adjacent to the terminal Leach, 1820, in the general appearance, in- claw. cluding the trilobate or tridentate horizontal Although Haig (1981) discussedmorpho- rostrum (some species of the latter genus logical differences between L. nakasonei have a weakly or moderately deflexed ros- and its closely similar congener, L. miyakei trum) and the bending of the fingers of the Haig, 1981, all differences such as presence smaller cheliped. The similarity ofstructure ofsetae on the gape ofthe fingers and distal on the ambulatory dactyls may be the result — 882 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON of habitat or degree of dependence on the —. 1978a. {Porcellananakasonei, nom. nov.] Pp. 28-29 in Y. Nakasone, Porcellanidae. In: T host. Kikuchi and S. Miyake, eds.. Fauna and flora ofthe sea around the AmakusaMarine Biolog- Acknowledgments ical Laboratory. Decapod Crustacea (Revised I wish to thank Dr. S. Kubota ofthe Seto edition). Amakusa Marine Biological Labora- Marine Biological Laboratory, Kyoto Uni- tory, 52 pp. (In Japanese.). — 1978b. The crustacean Anomura of Sagami versity, for arranging the loan of the holo- B.ay. Biological Laboratory, Imperial House- type specimen of Miyake's species. I am hold. Hoikusha, Osaka, Japan, ix + 200 pp. also indebted to Dr. P. K. L. Ng of the Na- (English part), 161 pp. (Japanese part). tional University of Singapore, Dr. R. K. —. 1982. Japanese crustacean decapods and sto- Kropp of Battelle Ocean Sciences, Dr. A. matopods in color. I. Macrura, Anomura and W. Harvey of the American Museum of Stomatopoda. Hoikusha, Osaka, Japan, viii -I- 261 pp. (In Japanese.) Natural History, and Dr. R. Lemaitre ofthe -, K. Sakai, & S. Nishikawa. 1962. Afauna-list National Museum of Natural History, of the decapod Crustacea from the—coasts Smithsonian Institution, for their critical re- washed by the Tsushima warm current. Rec- view of the manuscript and helpful com- ords of Oceanographical Works in Japan, Spe- cial Number 6:121-131. ments. Monod, T. 1973. —Surquelques Crustaces de Nouvelle- Caledonie. Cahiers du Pacifique 17:7-23. Literature Cited Nakasone, Y, & S. Miyake. 1969. A new porcellanid Haig, J. 1965. The Porcellanidae (Crustacea, Anomu- crab (Anomura: Porcellanidae) from Japan {Al- rfao)urofneWwestAeusrtnraAluisatnralspieaciweist.h—dJeosucrrniapltioonfsthoef sicarpioprtcieolnlaonfatkwikoucshpieicigeesn.oefttsph.ennove.w),gweintuhs.de- Royal Society ofWestern Australia48:97-118. Publications ofthe AmakusaMarine Biological Laboratory 2:17-32. pc.oarp1co9ed7la8l:.anCiAodnnotgmreuinrbuaus)ti.oP—norPtcroeolwclaearenddaian(grCservuisostfiaoctnehae:ofBDiteoh--e Ng, P.eKc.olLo.g,y&ofYt.heNapokracseolnlea.nid19c9r3a.bTPaolxyoonnoymxycoamn-d logical Society ofWashington 91:706-714. etes Walker, 1887 (Crustace—a: Decapoda), with HaswellP,.ac1iW9fi.8c1,.AP.Paorrt1c8eI8Il.2l—.anSiCtdaetecanrlsaotbgrsuupefiraoof7m:2tt6hhe9e-2AI9uns1dt.or-aWleisatn Hd,eis&sctroAir.pytiS2oa7ns:eo1fk1u0a3mn-a1er1w117g9.e9n3u.s.A nJeowursnpaelcioefsNaotiuProa-l stalk- and sessile-eyed Crustacea. Australian lyonyxStimpson, 1858, ofthe P. sinensisgroup Museum, Sydney, xxiv + 326 pp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellani- Lamarck, J. B. P. A. 1801. Systeme des animaux sans dae) commensal with—achaetopteridwormfrom vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des Peninsular Malaysia. Zoologische Mededelin- ordres et des genres de ces animaux; presentant gen 67:467-472. leurs caracteres essentiels et leur distribution, , & N. K. C. Goh. 1996. Notes on the taxon- d'apres la consideration de leurs rapports naturels omy and ecology oiAliaporcellana telestophila etde leurorganisation, et suivantI'arrangement (Johnson, 1958) (Decapoda, Anomura, Porcel- etabli dans les galeries du Museum d'Histoire lanidae), a cr—ab commensal on the gorgonian naturelle, parmi leurs depouilles conservees; Solenocaiilon. Crustaceana 69:652-661. precede du discours d'ouverture du cours de Stimpson, W. 1858. Prodromus descriptionis animal- zoologie, donne dans le Museum national ium evertebratorum, quae in expeditione ad d'Histoire naturelle Tan 8 de la Republique. oceanumpacificumseptentrionalem,arepublica PWaris, viii -I- 432 pp. federatamissa,CadwaladaroRinggoldetJohan- Leach, E. 1820. Galateadees. Dictionnaire des Sci- ne Rodgers ducibus, observav—it et descripsit. ences Naturelles 18:49-56. Strasbourg, F. G. Pars VII. Crustacea Anomura. Proceedingsof Levrault and Paris, Le Normant. the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- Milne Edwards, H. 1837. Histoire naturelle des Crus- phia 10:225-252. taces, comprenant 1'anatomic, la physiologic et Yang, S., & X. Sun. 1992. On the porcellanid crab la classification de ces animaux 2:1-532. Paris. (Anomu—ra: Porcellanidae) ofGuangxi Province, Miyake, S. 19—57. A new porcellanidcrab from middle China. Transactions of the Chinese Crusta- Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Bio- cean Society 3:196-213. (In Chinese with En- logical Laboratory 6:75-78. glish abstract.)

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