Red Saxony : election battles and the spectre of democracy in Germany 1860-1918 PDF
Preview Red Saxony : election battles and the spectre of democracy in Germany 1860-1918
RED SAXONY OTHER TITLES BY THE SAME AUTHOR DecadesofReconstruction:PostwarSocieties,State-Building,andInternationalRelations,from theSevenYears’WartotheColdWar,ed.withUtePlanert Germany’sSecondReich:PortraitsandPathways ImperialGermany1871–1918.TheShortOxfordHistoryofGermany,ed. Localism, Landscape, and the Ambiguities of Place: German-Speaking Central Europe, 1860–1930,ed.withDavidBlackbourn Forging an Empire: Bismarckian Germany (1866–1890), vol. 4 of German History in DocumentsandImages,ed.(online) TheGermanRight,1860–1920:PoliticalLimitsoftheAuthoritarianImagination WilhelminismandItsLegacies:GermanModernities,Imperialism,andtheMeaningsofReform, 1890–1930,ed.withGeoffEley SaxonyinGermanHistory:Culture,Society,andPolitics,1830–1933,ed. SachseninDeutschland.Politik,KulturundGesellschaft1830–1918,ed. GermanyintheAgeofKaiserWilhelmII Modernisierung und Region im wilhelminischen Deutschland. Wahlen, Wahlrecht und Poli- tischeKultur,ed.withSimoneLässigandKarlHeinrichPohl BetweenReform,Reaction,andResistance:StudiesintheHistoryofGermanConservatismfrom 1789to1945,ed.withLarryEugeneJones Elections, Mass Politics, and Social Change in Modern Germany: New Perspectives, ed. with LarryEugeneJones Notables of the Right: The Conservative Party and Political Mobilization in Germany, 1876–1918 Red Saxony Election Battles and the Spectre of Democracy – in Germany, 1860 1918 JAMES RETALLACK 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©JamesRetallack2017 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2017 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016955250 ISBN 978–0–19–966878–6 Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. For Helen A thousand ships, not a thousand pages OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,25/3/2017,SPi Contents ListofFigures ix ListofMaps xi ListofTables xv ListofAbbreviations xvii NoteonSources xxiii Introduction 1 ElectionBattlesandDemocratization 3 SocialistsandOthers 8 SaxonyandtheReich 12 1. OntheThresholdofaNewAge 20 Saxony’sModernization 20 ElectoralPoliticsintheOldKey 30 “NewIdeasareFillingtheWorld” 39 2. ThePossibilitiesofLiberalReform 47 TheReichstagElectionsofFebruary1867 47 SaxonyandtheNorthGermanConfederation 59 TheLandtagSuffrageReformof1868 66 A“LiberalEra”? 81 3. EnemiesoftheReich 92 TheRiseofSaxonSocialDemocracy 92 RedSaxony?TheShockofJanuary1874 105 TheStruggleAgainstSubversion 120 4. TheStruggleAgainstRevolution 131 TheNationalContext 131 Saxony’sContribution 135 IntheTrenches 156 “Valid”—“NotValid” 171 5. AgainstLiberalismandtheJews 186 LiberalismAdrift 187 ConservativesandRadicalAntisemites 198 6. AuthoritarianismUnderSiege 230 “1,427,298SocialDemocraticVoters!” 230 RowdyBusiness 244 PoliticsinanOffKey 259 viii Contents 7. SuffrageReformasCoupd’État 270 “ForReligion,Morality,andOrder” 270 ThrowingDowntheGauntlet 282 HighTide 305 8. “RedSaxony!” 318 HighStakes,1903 318 AWayForward? 342 9. DeflectingDemocracy 359 “TheDecentOpinionofMankind” 360 SaxonModels 372 10. CrisisandRetrenchment 393 PoweroftheStreet 394 HoldingtheLine,January1907 411 11. Dance 435 AHouseDivided 436 DemocracyinDisappearingInk 460 12. PoliticsinaNewKey 482 Praxis,October1909 482 Perplexed 505 CastingBallots,CastingStones 519 13. Adrift 537 ALostHalf-Decade 538 Stirrings 551 LickingWounds 576 SuffrageReform:Right,HalfTurn! 583 14. DemocracyDeferred 593 TheCrucibleofWar 593 TheCuriousRepublicofGondour 614 Conclusion:TheSpectreofDemocracy 616 Acknowledgments 631 ListofArchivesandLibraries 635 WorksCited 639 Index 681 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,25/3/2017,SPi List of Figures COLOR PLATES 1. “ElectionOutcome”(Simplicissimus,1903). 2. Map,PopulationDensityinSaxony,1910. 3. Map,ReichstagVotinginLeipzig-County,1887. 4. Map,LandtagConstituenciesinSaxony,1868–1909(rural). 5. Map,LandtagConstituenciesinSaxony,1868–1909(urban). 6. “TheConservatives’LastResort”(Simplicissimus,1910). 7. “InMemoryoftheReichstagElectionof1903.” 8. “AbouttheSuffrageRiots”(Simplicissimus,1908). 9. “AftertheStreetDemonstration”(Simplicissimus,1910). 10. “ReadingoftheElectionResult”(Simplicissimus,1912). 11. “RedSaxonia”(Simplicissimus,1909). 12. Map,GustavFreytag’sReichstagElectionMapoftheGermanReich,1903. 13. Map,LandtagConstituenciesinSaxony,1909. 14. Map,LandtagElectionResultsinSaxony(rural),1909. 15. Map,LandtagElectionResultsinSaxony(urban),1909. 16. “TheEvolutionoftheNationalLiberal”(Simplicissimus,1903). GREYSCALE 1.1. KingJohannofSaxony(ruled1854–73). 24 1.2. PrussianTroopsEnterDresden,18June1866. 27 1.3. SaxonMinisterRichardvonFriesen. 28 3.1. SaxonMembersoftheGermanConservativeParty,c.1877. 119 4.1. ListofSocialDemocratsExpelledfromLeipzigunder§28ofthe Anti-SocialistLaw. 144 4.2. SaxonMinisterofCultureCarlvonGerber,SaxonMinisterof WarAlfredvonFabrice. 184 5.1. SaxonLandtagDeputies,OccupationandPartyAffiliation,1869–1918. 194 5.2. OccupationalProfileofPopulationsinSaxonyandtheReich,1895. 195 5.3. EmilLehmann,DresdenLawyerandAssemblyman. 200 5.4. BaronHeinrichvonFriesen-Rötha. 206
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