Red Book® Online - American Academy of Pediatrics

961 Pages·2013·4.93 MB·English

by  Peg Mulcahy

26th Edition
R
ed
B
ook
2003
Report of the
Committee on
Infectious
Diseases
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page i
Red Book®:
2003 R C
EPORT OF THE OMMITTEE
I D
ON NFECTIOUS ISEASES
TWENTY-SIXTH EDITION
Author: Committee on Infectious Diseases
American Academy of Pediatrics
Larry K. Pickering, MD, FAAP, Editor
Carol J. Baker, MD, FAAP, Associate Editor
Gary D. Overturf, MD, FAAP, Associate Editor
Charles G. Prober, MD, FAAP, Associate Editor
American Academy of Pediatrics
141 Northwest Point Blvd
Elk Grove Village, IL 60007-1098
Suggested Citation: American Academy of Pediatrics. [chapter title]. In: Pickering LK, ed.
Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 26th ed. Elk Grove Village,
IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2003:[page number]
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page ii
26th Edition
1st Edition–1938
2nd Edition – 1939
3rd Edition – 1940
4th Edition – 1942
5th Edition – 1943
6th Edition – 1944
7th Edition – 1945
8th Edition – 1947
9th Edition – 1951
10th Edition – 1952
11th Edition – 1955
12th Edition – 1957
13th Edition – 1961
14th Edition – 1964
15th Edition – 1966
16th Edition – 1970
16th Edition Revised – 1971
17th Edition – 1974
18th Edition – 1977
19th Edition – 1982
20th Edition – 1986
21st Edition – 1988
22nd Edition – 1991
23rd Edition – 1994
24th Edition – 1997
25th Edition – 2000
ISSN No. 1080-0131
ISBN No.1-58110-101-5 hardcover
1-58110-095-7 softcover
MA0228 hardcover
MA0001-03 softcover
Quantity prices on request. Address all inquiries to:
American Academy of Pediatrics
PO Box 927, 141 Northwest Point Blvd
Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927
or Phone:
1-888-227-1770 Publications
The recommendations in this publication do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a
standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.
©2003 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page iii
Committee on Infectious Diseases
2001–2003
Jon S. Abramson, MD, Chairperson
Carol J. Baker, MD H. Cody Meissner, MD
Robert S. Baltimore, MD Gary D. Overturf, MD
Joseph A. Bocchini, MD Keith R. Powell, MD
Margaret C. Fisher, MD Charles G. Prober, MD
Michael A. Gerber, MD Margaret B. Rennels, MD
Sarah S. Long, MD Thomas N. Saari, MD
Julia A. McMillan, MD Leonard B. Weiner, MD
Dennis L. Murray, MD Richard J. Whitley, MD
Ex-officio
Larry K. Pickering, MD, Red Book Editor
Liaisons
Scott F. Dowell, MD, MPH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Marc A. Fischer, MD Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Bruce G. Gellin, MD, MPH National Vaccine Program Office
Joanne Embree, MD Canadian Pediatric Society
Martin C. Mahoney, MD, PhD American Academy of Family Physicians
Mamodikoe Makhene, MD National Institutes of Health
Martin G. Myers, MD National Vaccine Program Office
Katherine L. O’Brien, MD, MPH National Institutes of Health
Walter A. Orenstein, MD Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Peter A. Patriarca, MD Food and Drug Administration
Douglas R. Pratt, MD Food and Drug Administration
Jeffrey R. Starke, MD American Thoracic Society
AAP Liaisons
Lance Chilton, MD Practice Action Group
Jack Swanson, MD Practice Action Group
Consultants
John S. Finlayson, PhD Morven S. Edwards, MD
Mark W. Kline, MD George H. McCracken, Jr, MD
Edgar O. Ledbetter, MD
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page iv
Collaborators
On behalf of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the committee gratefully
acknowledges the invaluable assistance provided by the following individuals
who served as contributors and reviewers in the preparation of this edition of
the Red Book. Their expertise, critical review, and cooperation are essential in
the committee’s continuing review and revisions of its recommendations for the
management, control, and prevention of infectious diseases in children.
Every attempt has been made to recognize all those who contributed to this
edition of the Red Book; the Academy regrets any omissions that may have occurred.
Mark Abramowicz, MD, The Medical Letter, Rochelle, NY
David G. Addiss, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Renata Albrecht, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
John Alexander, MD, MPH, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Lorraine Alexander, RN, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Miriam J. Alter, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Larry J. Anderson, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Lennox Archibald, MD, MRCP(UK), DTM&H, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA
David M. Asher, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
David Ashford, DVM, MPH, DSc, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Chintamani D. Atreya, PhD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
William L. Atkinson, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Kassa Ayalew, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Leslie K. Ball, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Human Research
Protections, Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
Margaret C. Bash, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Melisse Sloas Baylor, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Mark E. Beatty, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Judy Beeler, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Ermias D. Belay, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Beth P. Bell, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
David Bell, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Stuart M. Berman, MD, ScM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Caryn Bern, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page v
COLLABORATORS V
David I. Bernstein, MD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, OH
Richard E. Besser, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Kristine M. Bisgard, DVM, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
David Blair, PhD, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
Martin Blaser, MD, Cornell University School of Medicine, Ithaca, NY
Robert Bortolussi, MD, FRCPC, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada
Christopher R. Braden, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Mary L. Brandt, MD, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Joseph S. Bresee, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Marc Bulterys, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Jane L. Burns, MD, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
William Cameron, MD, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Neil R. Cashman, MD, FRCP(C), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Shadi Chamany, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Mary E. Chamberland, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Robert T. Chen, MD, MA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
P. Joan Chesney, MD, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
James E. Childs, ScD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Tom M. Chiller, MD, MPHTM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Ilin Chuang, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Thomas A. Clark, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Thomas G. Cleary, MD, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center,
Houston, TX
Joanne Cono, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Charles K. Cooper, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Ralph Cordell, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Armando G. Correa, MD, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Margaret Mary Cortese, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Edward M. Cox, MD, MPH, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Robert B. Craven, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Fort Collins, CO
John A. Crump, MB, ChB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Therese Cvetkovich, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Inger Damon, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Alma C. Davidson, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Jeffrey P. Davis, MD, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Madison, WI
Dickson D. Despommier, BS, MS, PhD, Columbia University, New York, NY
Bakary S. Drammeh, DrPH, MT(ASCP), Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page vi
VI COLLABORATORS
Peter Dull, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Eileen F. Dunne, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Morven S. Edwards, MD, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Lawrence F. Eichenfield, MD, Children’s Hospital San Diego-University of
California, San Diego, CA
Dean Erdman, DrPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Joseph J. Esposito, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Geoffrey Evans, MD, Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, Health Resources
and Services Administration, Rockville, MD
Karen M. Farizo, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Daniel R. Feikin, MD, MSPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Stephen M. Feinstone, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Anthony E. Fiore, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Patricia M. Flynn, MD, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
Kimberley K. Fox, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Carl Frasch, PhD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Scott K. Fridkin, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Keiji Fukuda, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
D. Futterman, MD, Montefiore Medical Center at the Children’s Hospital,
Bronx, NY
Karin Galil, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
William K. Gallo, Jr, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Lawrence Gartner, MD, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Michael Gerber, MD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, OH
Francis Gigliotti, MD, University of Rochester-School of Medicine & Dentistry,
Rochester, NY
Laurence B. Givner, MD, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-
Salem, NC
Karen L. Goldenthal, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Richard Gorman, MD, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
Rachel J. Gorwitz, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
David P. Greenberg, MD, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Carolyn M. Greene, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Amita Gupta, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Rana A. Hajjeh, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Caroline B. Hall, MD, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
Edward B. Hayes, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Fort Collins, CO
Rita F. Helfand, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Barbara L. Herwaldt, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page vii
COLLABORATORS VII
David R. Hill, MD, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
Margaret K. Hostetter, MD, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
Peter J. Hotez, MD, PhD, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
Ekopimo O. Ibia, MD, MPH, MRCP(UK), MR, Food and Drug Administration,
Rockville, MD
Joseph P. Icenogle, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
John K. Iskander, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Richard F. Jacobs, MD, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
William R. Jarvis, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
John Jereb, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Rosemary Johann-Liang, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Robert E. Johnson, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
M. Suzanne Johnson-DeLeon, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Jeffrey L. Jones, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Joshua D. Jones, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Dennis D. Juranek, DVM, MSc, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Pavani Kalluri, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Harry Keyserling, MD, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
Nino Khetsuriani, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Martin B. Kleiman, MD, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
Dennis J. Kopecko, PhD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Emilia H. A. Koumans, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Philip R. Krause, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Steven Krug, MD, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
T. G. Ksiazek, DVM, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Matthew J. Kuehnert, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Michael F. Lademarco, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Nicole Le Saux, MD, FRCPC, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario-University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Lucia Lee, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Linda L. Lewis, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Jay M. Lieberman, MD, Miller Children’s Hospital, Long Beach, CA
Jairam R. Lingappa, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Robert W. Linkins, MPH, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Mark N. Lobato, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page viii
VIII COLLABORATORS
Stephen P. Luby, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Ronald E. Lundquist, PhD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
James H. Maguire, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Susan A. Maloney, MD, MHSc, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Tahir H. Malik, PhD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Harold S. Margolis, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Lewis Markoff, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
Norman Marks, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Michael T. Martin, MD, MSc, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Eric E. Mast, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Lisa L. Mathis, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Leonard W. Mayer, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Anne E. McCarthy, MD, FRCPC, DTM&H, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
Michael M. McNeil, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Jennifer H. McQuiston, DVM, MS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Paul Mead, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Michael Merchlinsky, PhD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Richard F. Meyer, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
James N. Mills, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
ChrisAnna Marie Mink, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Douglas K. Mitchell, MD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
John F. Modlin, MD, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH
Nasim Moledina, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Anne C. Moore, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Matthew R. Moore, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Gina T. Mootrey, DO, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Juliette Morgan, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Jean M. Mulinde, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Trudy V. Murphy, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Dennis Murray, MD, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
Tippavan Nagachinta, MD, DrPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Sumathi Nambiar, MD, MPH, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
James P. Nataro, MD, PhD, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD
Stuart T. Nichol, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Glen J. Nowak, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Redbook2003.Front matter 5/2/03 3:36 PM Page ix
COLLABORATORS IX
Thomas B. Nutman, MD, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD
Michael O’Reilly, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Michael Osterholm, PhD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Christopher D. Paddock, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Anil A. Panackal, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Adelisa L. Panlilio, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Mark Papania, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Monica E. Parise, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Andrew T. Pavia, MD, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
Bradley Perkins, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Joseph F. Perz, DrPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Georges Peter, MD, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
Lyle R. Petersen, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Joseph Piesman, DSc, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO
Janice K. Pohlman, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Jean Popiak, MHA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Tanja Popovic, MD, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Linda Quick, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Rob Quick, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Conrad Quinn, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Pratima L. Raghunathan, PhD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Mobeen H. Rathore, MD, University of Florida Health Science Center,
Jacksonville, FL
Susan Reef, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Megan E. Reller, MDCM, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Mary G. Reynolds, PhD, MS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Frank O. Richards, Jr, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, GA
Rosemary Roberts, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Lance Rodewald, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
William J. Rodriguez, MD, PhD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Patricia J. Rohan, MD, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD
Pierre Rollin, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Martha Roper, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
James P. Rosen, MD, University of Connecticut Medical School, West Hartford, CT
Nancy E. Rosenstein, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
Lawrence A. Ross, MD, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Lorry Rubin, MD, Schneider Children’s Hospital, New Hyde Park, NY
Steven A. Rubin, MS, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD