Recycling of electronic waste II: proceedings of the second symposium

121 Pages·2011·5.156 MB·English

by  Lifeng Zhang, Gregory K. Krumdick (editors)

Recycling of
Electronic Waste II
Proceedings of
the Second Symposium
TMS2011
140th Annual Meeting & Exhibition
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Recycling of
Electronic Waste II
Proceedings of
the Second Symposium
Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by
the Electronic Packaging and Interconnection Materials Committee of
the Electronic, Magnetic, and Photonic Materials Division,
and the Recycling and Environmental Technologies Committee of
the Extraction and Processing Division and
the Light Metals Division of
TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society)
Held during the TMS 2011 Annual Meeting & Exhibition
San Diego, California, USA
February 27-March 3, 2011
Edited by
Lifeng Zhang
Gregory K. Krumdick
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Recycling of Electronic Waste II, Proceedings
of the Second Symposium
Foreword vii
Organizing Committee ix
Recycling of Electronic Waste II, Proceedings of the
Second Symposium
Technologies for the Recycling of Electronic Wastes
Mechanical Recycling of Electronic Wastes for Materials Recovery 3
V. Laurmaa, J. Kers, K. Tall, V. Mikli, D. Goljandin, K. Vilsaar,
P. Peetsalu, M. Saarna, R. Tarbe, andh. Zhang
Processing of Discarded Liquid Crystal Display for Recovering Indium 11
G. Dodbiba, K. Takahashi, T. Fujita, N. Sato, S. Matsuo,
andK. Okay a
Green Pyrolysis of Used Printed Wiring Board Powders 17
L. Damoah, X. Zuo, L. Zhang, T. Schuman, andJ. Kers
Leaching of Lead from Solder Material Used in Electrical and Electronic
Equipment 25
M. Kumar Jha, P. Choubey, A. Kumari, R. Kumar, V. Kumar,
andJ. Lee
Copper Recovery from Printed Circuit Board of E-Waste 33
T. Fujita, H. Ono, G. Dodbiba, S. Matsuo, andK. Okay a
Recovery of Nickel from Leaching Liquor of Printed Circuit Board by Solvent
Extraction 39
A. Santanilla, B. Campos, J. Tenario, and D. Espinosa
Recovery of Copper from Printed Circuit Boards Waste by Bioleaching 45
L. Y amane, D. Espinosa, andJ. Tenario
v
Management and Technology Overview of Electronic
Wastes
State of the Art in the Recycling of Waste Printed Wiring Boards 55
L. Zhang, andX. Zuo
Overview of Electronics Waste Management in India 65
S. Chatterjee, and K. Kumar
Prospective Scenario of E-Waste Recycling in India 73
M. Kumar Jha, A. Kumar, V. Kumar, andJ. Lee
Methodology for Recovery Precious Metals: Gold, Silver and Platinum Group
from Electronic Waste 81
O. Restrepo, and H. Oliveros
WEEE: Obsolete Mobile Phones Characterization Aiming at Recycling 89
V. Moraes, D. Espinosa, andJ. Tenario
Poster: Recycling of Electronic Wastes
A Novel Process for Foam Glass Preparation from Waste CRT Panel Glass 97
M. Chen, F. Zhang, andJ. Zhu
Environmental Leaching Characteristics and Bioavailabilities of Waste Cathode
Ray Tube Glass 103
M. Chen, F. Zhang, andJ. Zhu
Leaching Toxicity of Pb and Ba Containing in Cathode Ray Tube Glasses by
SEP-TCLP 109
M. Chen, F. Zhang, andJ. Zhu
Author Index 115
Subject Index 117
vi
Foreword
Production and use of electrical and electronic equipment, such as TV sets,
computers, mobile phones and many other daily-life items, are dramatically
increasing over years, while the lifespan of many products becomes shorter- for
instance for CPUs from 4-6 years in 1997 to 2 years in 2005. It is estimated that
20-50 million metric tons electronic wastes per year are generated worldwide. For
example, in the U.S., it was estimated that over 500 million computers between
1997 and 2007 became obsolete, and only 20% of them was collected, treated
and recycled. The electronic wastes scrap represents a complex mixture of three
major material fractions: (i) metals, (ii) polymers and (iii) ceramics. The metal
fraction including iron, copper, aluminum, gold and others in electronic wastes
is over 60%, while pollutants comprise 2.70%. Five hundred million personal
computers contain approximately 2,872,0001 of plastics, 718,000 t of lead, 1363
t of cadmium and 287 t of mercury. Not surprisingly, electronic wastes today
constitute 2-5% of municipal solid wastes and they are growing 2-3 times faster
than any other components in municipal solid wastes. These numbers should
attract our attention by the following points:
- Need for recycling: Recycling of electronic wastes is necessary and even vital to
our society because of their big amount and quick increasing;
- New potential energy source and renewable materials: The large amount of
plastics in electronic waste are potential energy source. The conversion of waste
plastics into fuel through pyrolysis represents a sustainable way for the recovery
of the organic content of the waste and also preserves valuable petroleum
resources in addition to protecting the environment. The worlds limited reserve
of coal, crude oil and natural gas places a great pressure on mankind to preserve
its existing non-renewable materials. The combustion of the plastics in electronic
waste can also used for heating sources for cement industries and metal industries.
- Economic motivation for recycling: The fact that electronic contains precious
metals is a major economic driver for its recycling. For cell phones, calculators
and printed circuit board scraps, the precious metals make up more than 70% of
the value, and for TV boards and the DVD player they still contribute to about
40%.
- Environmental issues: Special attention should be paid to toxic components in
the electronic wastes during recycling process, such as polycarbonate materials,
bromine and chlorine, and heavy metals like lead, cadmium and mercury. During
pyrolysis of electronic powders, toxic gas will be emitted. These toxic materials
may enter our water and air system. Green recycling of electronic wastes to
prevent the toxic materials from entering our living system is of importance to the
environmental sustainability.
vi l
The current symposium on the Recycling of Electronic Wastes will highlight
materials management and technologies to address sustainable approaches to
recycle electronic wastes, including
- Mechanical recycling of Electronic Wastes
- Recycling of plastics from Electronic Wastes
- Recovery of metals from Electronic Wastes
- Hydrometallurgical recycling (leaching) of Electronic Wastes
- Combustion or pyrolysis of Electronic Wastes
Lifeng Zhang
Missouri University of Science and Technology
December 05, 2010
Vili
Organizing Committee
Dr. Lifeng Zhang currently is an assistant professor
at the Department of Materials Science and
Engineering at Missouri University of Science and
Technology. Lifeng received his Ph.D. degree from
University of Science and Technology Beijing in
1998 and had 13 years teaching and research work
at different universities - Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, University of Illinois,
Technical University of Clausthal and Tohoku
University. Lifeng has compound backgrounds
in primary production, refining, casting, and
recycling of metals, recycling of electronic wastes,
and modeling for metallurgical processes. Lifeng
has published over 200 papers and made over 150 presentations at meetings and
conferences. He is a Key reader (Member of Board of Review) for three journals
and a reviewer for over twenty-five journals.
Gregory K. Krumdick is a principal systems
engineer in the Energy Systems Division at
Argonne National Laboratory. He earned his MS
degree in Bioengineering from the University of
Illinois at Chicago, focusing on process control
systems. Mr. Krumdick has spent the past 20 years
with Argonne, where he has been the principal
investigator on numerous industrial process scale-
up projects and lead engineer on several pilot plant
systems for the Process Technology Research
section. Currently, Mr. Krumdick is leading
Argonne's battery materials scale-up program and
is overseeing the construction of Argonne's new
Materials Engineering Facility.
IX
Dr. Jaan Kers is working as senior researcher
at the Department of Materials Engineering in
Tallinn University of Technology in Estonia. In
2006 he received PhD degree in Materials Science
from the Institute of Materials Science of Tallinn
University of Technology in Estonia. The scope
of the PhD thesis was mechanical recycling of
plastic, composite plastic and printed circuit
boards. The research work was continued in his
first grant project "New Recycling Technology For
Composite Plastic Scrap" (2008-2010). Currently
he is working for scientific project "Design and
technology of multiphase tribomaterials" (2008-
2013). The objectives of his scientific research are mechanical size reduction
of different type of scrap (composite plastic, plastic, metallic, electronic waste),
subsequent materials separation (dry and wet classification) and materials
recovery. The results of his scientific work are published in 7 peer-reviewed
journals and 15 papers in proceedings of international conferences of composite
materials and recycling technologies. He is reviewer for three journals.
Dr. Thomas Schuman is an Associate Professor
in the chemistry department at the Missouri
University of Science and Technology. He received
his Ph.D. in Materials Science from the University
of Alabama in Huntsville, AL in 1992 with research
in polymer surface chemistry. Current research
interests include composite syntheses using
renewable industrial materials, environmentally
benign recycling of polymer and electronics
materials, synthesis of nanoparticle whiskers as
fillers/reinforcing agents, and surface modification
of the nanofillers to strengthen polymer-particle
interfaces to improve tensile, flexural and impact
strengths, impact absorption, fire retardance, and dielectric breakdown and energy
density improvement of composite dielectric (capacitor) films. He has over 35
publications and 1 patent.
x