Recycling of Demolished Concrete and Masonry

333 Pages·1992·17.717 MB·\333

by  T.C. Hansen (Editor)

Recycling of
Demolished Concrete
and Masonry
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Publisher's Note
This RILEM Report has been produced from the typed chapters
provided by the members of RILEM Technical Committee
37-DRC, whose cooperation is gratefully acknowledged. This has
facilitated rapid publication of the Report.
Recycling of
Demolished Concrete
and Masonry
Report of Technical Committee 37-DRC
Demolition and Reuse of Concrete
RILEM
(The International Union of Testing and Research
Laboratories for Materials and Structures)
Edited by
T.C. Hansen
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First edition 1992 by Taylor & Francis
Reprinted 2002
By Taylor & Francis,
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, 0X14 4RN
Transferred to Digital Printing 2005
Spon Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
© 1992 RILEM
ISBN 0 419 15820 0 442 31281 4 (USA)
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available
Contents
List of reports issued by RILEM Technical Committee 37-DRC xiii
Preface xiv
PART ONE
RECYCLED AGGREGATES AND RECYCLED
AGGREGATE CONCRETE. Third State-of-the-art
Report 1945-1989 1
Torben C. Hansen
Building Materials Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark
1 Introduction 3
2 First state-of-the-art Report 1945-1977 4
3 Second and third state-of-the-art reports 197&-1989 6
4 Terminology 6
5 Original concrete 8
5.1 Separation of different qualities of original concrete 8
5.2 Demolition of original concrete and removal of reinforcing
steel 8
6 Production of recycled aggregate 12
6.1 Layout of production plants 12
6.2 Crushers 17
6.3 Sorting devices and screens 19
6.4 Environmental problems in the recycling of concrete 21
6.5 Grading of crusher products 24
6.6 Storage and handling of recycled aggregates 30
7 Quality of recycled aggregates 31
7.1 Grading, particle shape, and surface texture of recycled
aggregates 31
7.2 Attached mortar and cement paste 34
v
7.3 Density 37
7.4 Water absorption 40
7.5 Los Angeles abrasion loss and British Standard crushing
value 42
7.6 Sulfate soundness 44
7.7 Contaminants 45
7.8 Repeated recycling of recycled aggregate concrete 56
7.9 Recycled concrete aggregates for other purposes than
production of new concrete 57
8 Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete 58
8.1 Compressive strength and rate of strength development 58
8.2 Coefficient of variation of compressive strength of recycled
aggregate concrete 67
8.3 Modulus of elasticity, damping capacity and stress-strain
relationship 69
8.4 Creep 74
8.5 Drying shrinkage 75
8.6 Tensile, flexural, shear and fatigue strength 79
8.7 Other mechanical properties 80
8.8 Reinforced concrete 81
8.9 Dry and wet lean concretes. Unbound road base materials
and stabilized road base materials 82
9 Durability of recycled aggregate concrete 85
9.1 Permeability and water absorption 85
9.2 Frost resistance 87
9.3 Carbonation and reinforcement corrosion 92
9.4 Alkali-aggregate reactions 94
9.5 Sulfate resistance 95
10 Properties and mix design of fresh recycled aggregate concrete 96
10.1 Water requirement and workability 96
10.2 Free water-cement ratio law 98
10.3 Cement content 99
10.4 Density and air content 99
10.5 Ratio of fine to coarse aggregate 100
10.6 Mix design of recycled aggregate concrete mixes 101
11 Production of recycled aggregate concrete 102
vi
12 Use of crushed concrete fines for other purposes than
production of new concrete 104
12.1 Setting and hardening of crushed concrete fines 105
12.2 Alternative cements produced from crushed concrete
fines 106
12.3 Crushed concrete fines used for road construction and
soil stabilization 107
12.4 Crushed concrete fines used for special purposes 108
13 Products, codes, standards, and testing methods for recycled
aggregate concrete 109
13.1 Aggregate products which can be produced from
recycled concrete 109
13.2 United States 111
13.3 Japan 112
13.4 The Netherlands 116
13.5 United Kingdom 120
13.6 USSR 121
13.7 Federal Republic of Germany 121
13.8 Denmark 122
14 Economic aspects of concrete recycling 123
15 Energy aspects of concrete recycling 129
16 Practical case histories 129
17 Recycling of fresh concrete wastes 136
18 Conclusions and recommendations 137
19 Acknowledgements 145
20 Literature references 146
21 Appendix A. Literature reviewed in first state-of-the-art report
1945-77. Nixon (5) 159
vii
PART TWO
RECYCLING OF MASONRY RUBBLE 161
Dr R.R. Schulz
Institute for Building Materials Testing, Waldkirch, Germany
Dr Ch.F. Hendricks
Road Engineering Division, Rijkswaterstaat, Delft, The Netherlands
List of abbreviations and symbols 163
1 Introduction 164
2 Historical survey 164
3 Prospects 165
4 Walling materials 166
4.1 Types of walling units 166
4.2 Manufacture and composition 166
4.3 Properties 168
5 Masonry rubble 168
5.1 Composition 168
5.2 Influence of composition 175
6 Preparation of masonry rubble 176
6.1 General 176
6.2 Preliminary sorting 176
6.3 Crushing 176
6.4 Classifying 178
6.5 Elimination of impurities 178
6.6 Rentability 180
7 Properties of crushed masonry aggregate 181
7.1 Definitions 181
7.2 Grading 182
7.3 Secondary natural constituents and natural sand aggregate 183
7.4 Density 185
7.5 Water absorption 186
7.6 Frost resistance 189
7.7 Particle strength, degree of crushing 190
7.8 Harmful constituents 192
7.9 Loss on ignition 196
7.10 Transfer of deleterious organisms 196
7.11 Quality control 196
viii
8 Fresh concrete - composition and properties 197
8.1 Water requirement 197
8.2 Free or effective water/cement ratio 198
8.3 Cement content 199
8.4 Workability 199
8.5 Compaction 200
8.6 Bulk density 200
8.7 Composition of the concrete 200
9 Properties of the hardened concrete 202
9.1 Dense concrete 202
9.2 Concrete with a porous structure 218
9.3 Concrete containing fine sand from crushed masonry
rubble 221
10 Durability of crushed masonry concrete 222
10.1 Frost resistance 222
10.2 Protection of reinforcement 225
10.3 Fire resistance 226
11 Applications 226
11.1 Products made with crushed brick concrete 226
11.2 Production of concrete blocks 227
11.3 Problems in practical applications 228
12 Ground powder from masonry rubble as binder 228
13 Standards, guidelines and instructions for production of
crushed masonry aggregates and crushed masonry concrete 229
13.1 Federal Republic of Germany 229
13.2 The Netherlands 230
14 Economic aspects of the recycling of masonry rubble 230
14.1 Economics of the utilization of masonry rubble 230
14.2 Study based on figures from 1982 232
15 Conclusions 235
16 References 237
Appendix A. Data from Dutch Investigation of Recycled
Masonry Concrete (4) 246
ix