Recovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami: A Ten-Year Journey

502 Pages·12.063 MB·English

by  Rajib Shaw (eds.)

Disaster Risk Reduction
Methods, Approaches and Practices
Rajib Shaw Editor
Recovery from
the Indian
Ocean Tsunami
A Ten-Year Journey
Disaster Risk Reduction
Methods, Approaches and Practices
More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/11575
ABOUT THE SERIES
SCOPE OF THE SERIES
Disaster risk reduction is a process, which leads to the safety of community and nations. After
the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Japan, the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) was adopted as a framework of risk reduction. The academic
research and higher education in disaster risk reduction has made/is making gradual shift
from pure basic research to applied, implementation oriented research. More emphasis is
given on the multi-stakeholder collaboration and multi-disciplinary research. Emerging
university networks in Asia, Europe, Africa and Americas have urged for the process-oriented
research in disaster risk reduction fi eld. Keeping this in mind, this new series will promote the
outputs of action research on disaster risk reduction, which will be useful for a wider range
of stakeholders including academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students and
researchers in the related fi eld. The series will focus on some of emerging needs in the risk reduction
fi eld, starting from climate change adaptation, urban ecosystem, coastal risk reduction,
education for sustainable development, community based practices, risk communication,
human security etc. Through academic review, this series will encourage young researchers
and practitioners to analyze fi eld practices, and link it to theory and policies with logic, data
and evidences. Thus, the series emphasizes evidence based risk reduction methods,
approaches and practices.
SERIES EDITOR
Rajib Shaw, Kyoto University, Japan
EDITORIAL ADVISORY GROUP
1. Ms. Margareta Wahlstorm, Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United
Nations for the Disaster Risk Reduction, and head of UN ISDR (International Strategy
for Disaster Reduction), Geneva, Switzerland
2. Dr. Juha Uitto, Deputy Director, Evaluation Offi ce, UNDP (United Nations Development
Programme), NY, USA
3. Professor Kaoru Takara, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Japan
4. Professor Joy Jacquline Pereira, University Kebansan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia
5. Professor David Sanderson, Director, Centre for Development and Emergency Practice
(CENDEP), Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University,
Oxford Brooks University, Oxford, UK
6. Dr. Anshu Sharma, Board Member, SEEDS India, Delhi, India
7. Professor Ailsa Holloway, Director, Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods
Programme, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
8. Professor Arnold Howitt, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA
9. Professor Fuad Mallick, Chair of Disaster Management Program, BRAC University,
Dhaka, Bangladesh
10. Professor Jayant K Routray, Coordinator of Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and
Management Academic Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
Rajib Shaw
Editor
Recovery from the Indian
Ocean Tsunami
A Ten-Year Journey
Editor
Rajib Shaw
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
Kyoto , Japan
ISSN 2196-4106 ISSN 2196-4114 (electronic)
ISBN 978-4-431-55116-4 ISBN 978-4-431-55117-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55117-1
Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014948896
© Springer Japan 2015
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Pref ace
Ten years have passed since the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. For a recovery pro-
gram, it is diffi cult to say with justifi cation whether 10 years is a long or short dura-
tion. For the affected people, sometimes time passes very quickly. For some
communities or families whose members lost their lives, time remains stagnant
during the disaster period. From the recovery perspective, 10 years is a good time
within which to complete physical recovery. It is also a good time during which to
achieve socio-economic recovery. For psychosocial recovery, however, more time
may possibly be needed.
These past 10 years have taught us many important lessons. In a post-disaster
scenario, the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) was adopted in 2005. We have
seen implementation of the HFA over these 10 years and how it infl uenced the
recovery program in different ways: institutionalization or legal framework of risk
reduction, different levels of risk assessment, several education-related programs,
looking at risk reduction as a part of development of initiative, enhanced response
through early warning systems, and so on. The past decade has also seen a demand
for greater education in risk reduction. Specifi c targets and measurements of prog-
ress have been incorporated.
R ecovery lessons are never completed. This is an on-going process, and 10 years
is a good time in which to review the past achievements and progress and to design
future agenda. Thus, while the HFA 2 process is under way and we are preparing for
the next world conference in Sendai, Japan, it is an important juncture from which
to look back and see different recovery lessons and to contribute to future actions.
This book is a modest attempt at that process. I am very grateful and indebted to all
the contributors, who have spent their valuable time making critical analyses of
their own experiences related to the recovery process.
This book is written for students and young researchers aspiring to a career in
disaster risk reduction and environmental studies including sustainable develop-
ment. I hope that they will fi nd the book useful and relevant to their work.
Kyoto, Japan Rajib Shaw
v

Contents
Part I Overview
1 Ten Years of Recovery Lessons from Indian Ocean Tsunami ............ 3
Rajib Shaw
2 Institutional and Legal Arrangements and Its Impacts
on Urban Issues in Post Indian Ocean Tsunami .................................. 17
Nitin Srivastava and Rajib Shaw
3 Environmental Recovery and Mangrove Conservation:
Post Indian Ocean Tsunami Policy Responses in South
and Southeast Asia .................................................................................. 29
Rajarshi DasGupta, Rajib Shaw, and Miwa Abe
4 Lessons from the Recovery of the Education Sector
After the Indian Ocean Tsunami ........................................................... 43
Glenn Fernandez, Rajib Shaw, and Miwa Abe
5 Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS) ............................. 59
S.H.M. Fakhruddin
6 Post-tsunami Urban Recovery Process and Current Conditions
in Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Indonesia ................................................. 73
Osamu Murao
7 Critical Factors for Sustainable Post-tsunami Resettlement:
Cases from India and Sri Lanka ............................................................ 89
Miwa Abe and Rajib Shaw
8 Institutional Arrangements for Managing Large-Scale
Recovery: Key Lessons from 2004 Tsunami ......................................... 103
Sudhir Kumar
vii
viii Contents
9 When Is Too Much Money Worse Than Too Little? Giving, Aid,
and Impact After the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 ......................... 121
Malka Older
10 Social Protection Ten-Years After the Tsunami:
The Case of Indonesia and Thailand ..................................................... 139
Benigno Balgos and Jesus Dominic Dizon
Part II Indonesia
11 Reform Amidst the Rubble .................................................................... 155
Kuntoro Mangkusubroto
12 Reconstruction Through External Support:
Key Observation in Aceh ........................................................................ 167
Satoru Mimura
13 Progress of Coastal Line Rehabilitation After the Indian
Ocean Tsunami Around Banda Aceh Coasts ....................................... 175
Syamsidik, Adhitya Iskandar, and Teuku Muhammad Rasyif
14 Disaster Waste Management: Lessons Learnt
from Banda Aceh, Indonesia .................................................................. 191
Hari Srinivas and Farhan Helmy
15 Community-Based Housing Reconstruction in Aceh, Indonesia ........ 205
Chiho Ochiai
16 Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofi tting of Existing Buildings
in Aceh and Transfer of Knowledge to the Community ...................... 219
Hari Darshan Shrestha
17 Learning on the Safety Issues of Reconstructed Houses
from the 2004 Great Indian Ocean Earthquake
and Tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia ........................................................... 241
Kenji Okazaki, Krishna S. Pribadi, and D yah Kusumastuti
18 The Role of Islamic Teachings in Encouraging People to Take
Tsunami Preparedness in Aceh and Yogyakarta Indonesia ................ 259
Wignyo Adiyoso and Hidehiko Kanegae
Part III India
19 Rhetoric and Ground Reality of Institutionalizing
Disaster Risk Reduction ......................................................................... 281
N. Vinod Chandra Menon
20 Role of GI Services in Emergency Response
Management in India .............................................................................. 299
Ajay Srivastava
Contents ix
21 Healthy Ecosystems for Long Term Security and Sustainability
of Natural Resource Management: Case of India ................................ 315
Irene Stephen Ravindran
22 Listening to the Communities ................................................................ 331
Hari Krishna Nibanupudi and Parnasri Ray Choudhury
23 Empowering Communities Through Disaster Management
Strategies: Are We on the Right Track? ............................................... 347
Asharose and Izuru Saizen
24 Impact of Higher Education in Enhancing the Resilience
of Disaster Prone Coastal Communities: A Case Study
in Nemmeli Panchayat, Tamil Nadu, India ........................................... 361
R. R. Krishnamurthy and K. Kamala
Part IV Sri Lanka
25 Reviewing Indian Ocean Tsunami Lessons Learnt
Practices of Sri Lanka: In Order to Emphasize Disaster
Risk Reduction Endeavours ................................................................... 383
Poorna Yahampath
26 Capacity Gaps in Post Disaster Waste Management:
Case Study in Sri Lanka ......................................................................... 403
Gayani Karunasena and Dilanthi Amaratunga
27 Housing and Resilience: Case Studies from Sri Lanka ....................... 417
Iftekhar Ahmed and Esther Charlesworth
28 Ten Years of Resettlement in Eco-Village, Sri Lanka .......................... 435
Miwa Abe and Rajib Shaw
29 How the Tsunami Disaster Triggered a Change Process
in the Education Sector of Sri Lanka: Lessons Learnt
for Introducing Disaster Safety Education ........................................... 451
Patrizia Bitter
Part V Thailand
30 Change of Livelihoods and Living Conditions After the 2004
Indian Ocean Tsunami: The Case of the Post-Disaster
Rehabilitation of the Moklen Community
in Tungwa Village, Southern Thailand ................................................. 471
Monsinee Attavanich, Andreas Neef, Hirohide Kobayashi,
and Terdsak Tachakitkachorn
31 Post-Tsunami Recovery and Rehabilitation of Small Enterprises
in Phang Nga Province, Southern Thailand ......................................... 487
Andreas Neef, Arusa Panyakotkaew, and Peter Elstner