Praise for Recovering the Sacred 2005 Gustavus Myers Book Award Honorable Mention Written in an accessible style, Recovering the Sacred documents the remarkable stories of indigenous communities whose tenacity and resilience has enabled them to reclaim their lands, resources, and life ways after enduring centuries of incalculable loss. —Wilma Mankiller, author, Every Day is a Good Day Thoughtful, tough, impressively informed, Recovering the Sacred tells a profound story. To survive, we need to listen. —Louise Erdrich, author, Love Medicine A fascinating read that puts Native American communities’ struggles for justice into historical and environmental context. Winona’s fierce dedication to the indigenous environmental and women’s movements infuses her analysis with a first-person understanding—deep and powerful on many levels. —Bonnie Raitt, musician/activist Recovering the Sacred is a brilliant study of cases dealing with rights to land, resources, culture, religion, and genetic information. LaDuke offers a much- needed challenge to the existing ethical constructs that govern these rights claims. This book will be a valuable resource for attorneys, scholars, and community members alike. —Rebecca Tsosie, author, American Indian Law: Native Nations and the Federal System With precision and eloquence, LaDuke makes clear not only that the theft of all things indigenous continues to this day but that resistance to this theft is becoming ever stronger. She makes equally clear that if we are to survive we must stop stealing from and begin listening to those whose land we have stolen, whose land we live on. —Derrick Jensen, author, A Language Older than Words A river of tears fell down my cheeks as I read Recovering the Sacred. This is a must read for anyone who wants to know the truth about Federal Indian Policy, past and present. — Charon Asetoyer, editor, Indigenous Women’s Health Book: Within the Sacred Circle Fierce in her convictions, forceful in her analysis, and engaging in her writing, LaDuke connects the dots between indigenous struggles, the toxic and sacrilegious practices of multinational corporations, and the wellness of all of us who must share our fragile planet. —Robert Warrior, author, The People and the Word: Reading Native Nonfiction In this powerful book, LaDuke explores issues that go way beyond the desecration of the environment and into the heart of insidious crimes against the very DNA of Native peoples. —Amy Ray, musician/activist LaDuke skillfully demonstrates why the protection of Native spiritual practices is critical to social justice struggles and to the survival of the planet. She weaves together a broad range of issues that all point to the impact of European cultural and spiritual genocide on indigenous peoples. LaDuke demonstrates again why she is one of the leading Native thinkers and activists today. —Andrea Smith, author, Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide Through the voices of ordinary Native Americans, writer and full-time activist Winona LaDuke is able to transform highly complex issues into stories that touch the heart. —Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, author, Outlaw Woman Winona LaDuke’s “activist scholarship” captures the essence of politicized spirituality that [combines] “ecological integrity” with our cultural identity for “spiritual health.” It is books such as this one that will insure the passing of history and knowledge from one generation to the next. —M.A. Jaimes Guerrero, editor, The State of Native America © 2005 Winona LaDuke First published in 2005 by South End Press, Cambridge, MA. This edition published in 2015 by Haymarket Books PO Box 180165 Chicago, IL 60618 773-583-7884 [email protected] www.haymarketbooks.org ISBN: 978-160-846-662-7 Trade distribution: In the US, through Consortium Book Sales and Distribution, www.cbsd.com In the UK, Turnaround Publisher Services, www.turnaround-uk.com All other countries, Publishers Group Worldwide, www.pgw.com Special discounts are available for bulk purchases by organizations and institutions. Please contact Haymarket Books for more information at 773-583-7884 or [email protected]. This book was published with the generous support of Lannan Foundation and the Wallace Action Fund. Library of Congress CIP data is available 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Acknowledgements Dedication What is Sacred? Part 1: Sacred Lands and Sacred Places God, Squirrels, and the Universe The Mt. Graham International Observatory and the University of Arizona The Apache and the Wars Raising Arizona In Search of the Authentic Apaches Salt, Water, Blood, and Coal Mining in the Southwest “I am as much of the clouds as they are of me.” Asabakeshiinh, the Spider The Mormons, the Lawyers, and the Coal Sucking the Mother Dry The Salt Mother Still Rests Klamath Land and Life The Stronghold Unhealed Wounds of Federal Policy Termination: The Trees and the Land Edison Chiloquin and Tribal Restoration A River Runs through It Valuable Stuff Part 2: Ancestors, Images, and Our Lives Imperial Anthropology The Ethics of Collecting “I am a man” Ishi’s Descendants The Ethics of Collecting Our Relatives are Poisoned Spoils of War Quilled Cradleboard Covers, Cultural Patrimony, and Wounded Knee Cankpe Opi: Wounded Knee Cante Ognaka: The Heart of Everything That Is The Road to Wounded Knee The Killing Fields The Aftermath and the Medals of Honor The Collection The Spirits Still Linger NAGPRA: The Homecoming Law Healing and Reconciliation Vampires in the New World Blood, Academia, and Human Genetics Captain Hook and the Biopirates Masks in the New Millennium The Native in the Game The Fighting Sioux Ralph the Nazi In the Spirit of Crazy Horse Defense of Spirit Part 3: Seeds and Medicine Three Sisters Recovery of Traditional Agriculture at Cayuga, Mohawk, and Oneida Communities Cayugas Remember Monocultures of the Mind and of the Land Peacemaking among Neighbors Kanatiohareke: The Mohawk’s Clean Pot The Oneida’s Tsyunhehkwa: “It Provides Life for Us” Wild Rice Maps, Genes, and Patents Manoominike: Making Wild Rice The Price of Rice Indian Harvest or Dutch Harvest? Gene Hunters and the Map of the Wild Rice Genome Patents and Biopiracy Academic Freedom and Ethics Pollen Drift and Those Ducks Intellectual Property Water Levels and Bad Development Projects Where the Food Grows on the Water: Rice Lake and the Crandon Mine Tribal Laws and Cultural Property Rights Food as Medicine The Recovery of Traditional Foods to Heal the People Traditional Agriculture and Biodiversity “Let Them Eat Grass” What We Eat Makes Us Sick They Can’t Even Eat Grass: Navajo Livestock Reduction Genes or Colonialism? Food as Medicine Dream of Wild Health Mino Miijim The Place of the Gardens Part 4: Relatives Return of the Horse Nation The Horse Nation The Wallowa Valley Homecoming
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