RECLAIMING PATRIOTISM IN AN AGE OF EXTREMES This page intentionally left blank Reclaiming Patriotism in an Age of Extremes STEVEN B. SMITH New Haven and London Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Amasa Stone Mather of the Class of 1907, Yale College. Copyright © 2021 by Steven B. Smith. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illus- trations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. “Land of Hope and Dreams” by Bruce Springsteen, copyright © 2000 Bruce Springsteen (Global Music Rights); reprinted by permission; international copyright secured. All rights reserved. Excerpt from The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow, copyright 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, renewed © 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981 by Saul Bellow; used by permission of Viking Books, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. All rights reserved. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educa- tional, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] (U.S. offi ce) or [email protected] (U.K. offi ce). Set in Janson and Monotype Van Dijk types by IDS Infotech Ltd. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 978-0-300-25404 4 (hardcover : alk. paper) Library of Congress Control Number: 2020942570 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Per- manence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Rick and Jane Levin and the things we care about This page intentionally left blank I am an American, Chicago born. —saul bellow, The Adventures of Augie March This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xi Introduction 1 one. Patriotism and Loyalty 11 two. Patriotism and Its Critics 35 three. Patriotism, Ancient and Modern 68 four. Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism 106 five. Enlightened Patriotism 143 six. Reclaiming Patriotism 185 Notes 205 Index 229