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Reclaimingr e c Ml a i myi nsge lmf y s e l f a f t e r c h i l d s e x u a l a b u s e Reclaiming Myself Antonia M van Loon RN PhD Debbie Kralik RN PhD Published by the RDNS Research Unit Royal District Nursing Service Foundation of South Australia Incorporated 31 Flemington Street (PO Box 247), Glenside, South Australia, 5065, Australia Phone: 61 8 8206 0111 Fax: 61 8 8206 0011 Email: [email protected] Copyright © RDNS Foundation of SA Inc. 2005 Cover: Collage by a research partcipant The moral right of the authors has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: van Loon, Antonia Margaretha Kralik, Debbie Lynne Reclaiming Myself After Child Sexual Abuse Bibliography. ISBN 187 6563 20 6 1.Adult child abuse victims. 2. Child sexual abuse. I.Kralik, Debbie, 1961- . II. Royal District Nursing Service of SA. Research Unit. III. Title. 362.76 www.rdns.org.au This manual is issued on the basis that: (cid:127) The information in it is intended as a guide only and should not replace the advice of a healthcare professional. (cid:127) The information may be used by you as a starting point for further discussions with and advice from your own independent healthcare professional. You should rely on your own independent advice. (cid:127) No representation, assurance, warranty or undertaking is given or made as to the suitability of the information for any specifi c purpose or the relevance, appropriateness, accuracy or reliability of any opinions, conclusions, recommendations or other information (all of which matters may change without notice) contained in this manual. (cid:127) Save for any statutory liability that cannot be excluded, RDNS and its employees and agents disclaim and exclude to the maximum extent permitted by law all liability and responsibility (whether in negligence or otherwise) for any direct or indirect loss, damage or harm to personal property which may be suffered by any person to whom this manual is issued or any other person arising in any way from anything contained in or omitted from this manual. (cid:127) RDNS does not assume any obligation to update this manual or correct any inaccuracy which may become apparent after it is issued. (cid:127) Provision of this manual does not constitute endorsement by RDNS of any product or organisation referred to in it. (cid:127) All information contained in this manual is gathered from research participants and the published literature which we believe to be reliable. However we cannot guarantee its accuracy and you should only rely on information and advices provided by your independent healthcare professional. We are passing on this information in good faith. 2 D edication This book is dedicated to all survivors of child sexual abuse: You have within you the strength to overcome To create your future, to be and become... Antonia van Loon To our children: With the birth of a child A bright new world is born May it have sun and ocean and winds of seeking! May it always have the fragrance of loving and caring! Anonymous 3 4 Contents Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 From the Group Facilitators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 About this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 How to Use this Book in the Healing Journey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Why We Wrote this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 How to Use this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Creating a Safe Space to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Choosing Support People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Issues to Consider when Seeking Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 What am I Going to Feel When I Work on my Past Story? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Explaining the ‘Look, Think, Act’ Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Think . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Explaining the Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 An Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5 Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 How Have You Been Coping? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Recognising Your Current Coping Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Recognising the ‘Victim’ Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Ways We Can Nurture Ourselves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Revisiting Your Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 What is Child Sexual Abuse? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Who are the Perpetrators? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Remembering Your Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 What Memories Do You Have? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 What Triggers Your Memories? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Dreams, Flashbacks and Sleeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 The Silencing in Childhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Breaking the Silence and Disclosing the CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Focusing on a New Way of Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Reframe the Situation and Look for Strengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Chapter 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 The Impacts of Child Sexual Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Our Story of the Impact of CSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 The Impact on How We Live Within the Broader Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 The Impact on Our Patterns of Coping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 The Impact on Relationships with Our Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 The Impact on Our Parenting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 The Impact on Our Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 The Impact on Our Mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Chapter 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Facing the Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Facing the Issue of Alcohol, Drug and Gambling Misuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Facing Ourselves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Facing the Issue of Violent Intimate Partner Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 6 Facing the Fear of Repeating Violence and Sexual Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Facing the Issue of Disappointment with Our Mothers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Facing the Issue of Confusion and Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Facing the Issue of Self-Sabotage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Facing the issue of Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Facing the Issue of Past Survival Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Facing the Issue of Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Facing the Issue of Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Facing the Emotions and Feelings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Facing Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Facing Blame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Facing Shame and Guilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Facing Fear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Facing Anger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Suggestions to Deal with Emotions and Feelings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Facing Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Recognising Power and Control in Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Not Knowing How to Reconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Facing the Grief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Chapter 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Dealing with the Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Dealing with the Perpetrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Dealing with Intimate Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Dealing with Sexual Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Dealing with Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Dealing with Spiritual Emptiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Chapter 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Discovering Me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Feeling ‘Normal’ – What Does that Mean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Taking Responsibility – What Does That Mean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 7 Forgiveness – What Does That Mean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Reconnecting – What Does That Mean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Transition – What Hinders It and What Promotes It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Choosing the Best – When Only the Best is Good Enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Understand Your Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 So Where are We Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 APPENDIX A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Support Service Phone Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Crisis Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Help Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Indigenous Specifi c Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Social Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Helpful Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Useful Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 8

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Reclaiming Myself After Child Sexual Abuse .. Feelings and emotions ranged from fear and anxiety to elation and relief; that finally there was a.
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