Recent Social Trends in Italy, 1960-1995

510 Pages·1999·20.37 MB·English

by  Alberto Martinelli, Antonio Chiesi, Sonia Stefanizzi

Recent Social Trends in Italy 1960-1995
Series: Comparative Charting of Social Change
Series Editor: Simon Langlois
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Recent Social Trends
in Italy 1960-1995
ALBERTO MARTINELLI,
ANTONIO M. CHIESI, AND
SONIA STEFANIZZI
McGill-Queen's University Press
Montreal & Kingston • London • Ithaca
© McGill-Queen's University Press 1999
ISBN 0-7735-1842-8
Legal deposit first quarter 1999
Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Recent social trends in Italy, 1960-1995
(Comparative charting of social change)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-7735-1842-8
I. Italy - Social conditions - 1945-1976. 2. Italy -
Social conditions - 1976-1994. I. Chiesi, Antonio M.
II. Martinelli, Alberto III. Stefanizzi, Sonia
IV. Series.
HN477.R421999 306'.0945 C98-901379-0
This book was typeset by Typo Litho Composition Inc.
in 10/12 Times.
Contents
Author's Contributions x
Acknowledgments xi
Preface xii
Introduction 1
0 Context 53
0.1 Demographic Trends 55
0.2 Macro-economic Trends 65
0.3 Macro-technological Trends 74
1 Age Groups 81
1.1 Young People 82
1.2 The Elderly 92
2 Microsocial 102
2.1 Self-identification 103
2.2 Kinship Networks 106
2.3 Community and Neighbourhood Types 109
2.4 Local Autonomy 113
2.5 Voluntary Associations 118
2.6 Sociability Networks 123
vi Contents
3 Women 126
3.1 Female Roles 127
3.2 Childbearing 134
3.3 Matrimonial Roles 140
3.4 Employment 149
4 Labour Market 158
4.1 Unemployment 161
4.2 Skills and Occupational Levels 170
4.3 Types of Employment 176
4.4 Sectors of the Labour Force 184
4.5 Computerization of Work 188
5 Labour and Management 193
5.1 Work Organization 194
5.2 Personnel Administration 200
5.3 Sizes and Types of Enterprises 205
6 Social Stratification 211
6.1 Occupational Status 213
6.2 Social Mobility 219
6.3 Economic Inequality 223
6.4 Social Inequality 228
7 Social Relations 232
7.1 Conflict 233
7.2 Negotiation 241
7.3 Norms of Conduct 246
C Contents
7.4 Authority 251
7.5 Public Opinion 255
8 State and Service Institutions 260
8.1 Educational System 261
8.2 Health System 272
8.3 Welfare System 280
8.4 Presence of State in Society 284
9 Mobilizing Institutions 291
9.1 Labour Unions 292
9.2 Religious Institutions 297
9.3 Military Forces 301
9.4 Political Parties 306
9.5 Mass Media 313
10 Institutionalization of Social Forces 321
10.1 Dispute Settlement 322
10.2 Institutionalization of Labour Unions 325
10.3 Social Movements 328
10.4 Interest Groups 334
11 Ideologies 339
11.1 Political Differentiation 340
11.2 Confidence in Institutions 348
11.3 Economic Orientation 351
11.4 Radicalism 354
11.5 Religious Beliefs 355
C Contents
12 Household Resources 358
12.1 Personal and Family Income 359
12.2 Informal Economy 363
12.3 Personal and Family Wealth 366
13 LifeStyle 371
13.1 Market Goods and Services 372
13.2 Mass Information 378
13.3 Personal Health and Beauty Practices 383
13.4 Time Use 389
13.5 Daily Mobility 392
13.6 Household Production 396
13.7 Forms of Erotic Expression 399
13.8 Mood-altering Substances 405
14 Leisure 410
14.1 Amount and Use of Free Time 411
14.2 Vacation Patterns 412
14.3 Athletics and Sports 415
14.4 Cultural Activities and Practices 420
15 Educational Attainment 427
15.1 General Education 428
15.2 Professional Education 434
15.3 Continuing Education 437
16 Integration and Marginalization 443
16.1 Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities 444
ix Contents
16.2 Crime and Punishment 449
16.3 Emotional Disorders and Self-destructive Behaviour 461
16.4 Poverty 464
17 Attitudes and Values 468
17.1 Satisfaction 470
17.2 Perception of Social Problems 473
17.3 Orientation toward the Future 476
17.4 Values 479
17.5 National Identity 486