Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki PDF
Preview Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki
European Studies in Philosophy of Science Uskali Mäki Ioannis Votsis Stéphanie Ruphy Gerhard Schurz Editors Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki European Studies in Philosophy of Science Volume 1 SeriesEditors DennisDieks, Institute for History & Foundationsof Science, UtrechtUniversity, TheNetherlands GiovanniGallavotti,Dipto.Fisica,UniversitàdiRoma,LaSapienza,Italy WenceslaoJ.Gonzalez,Ferrol,Spain EditorialBoard DanielAndler,UniversityofParis-Sorbonne,France TheodoreArabatzis,UniversityofAthens,Greece DiderikBatens,GhentUniversity,Belgium MichaelEsfeld,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland JanFaye,UniversityofCopenhagen,Denmark OlavGjelsvik,UniversityofOslo,Norway StephanHartmann,UniversityofMunich,Germany GurolIrzik,SabancıUniversity,Turkey LadislavKvasz,CharlesUniversity,CzechRepublic Adrian Miroiu, National School of Political Science and Public Administration, Romania ElizabethNemeth,UniversityofVienna,Austria IlkkaNiiniluoto,UniversityofHelsinki,Finland SamirOkasha,UniversityofBristol,UK KatarzynaPaprzycka,UniversityofWarsaw,Poland TomaszPlacek,JagiellonianUniversity,Poland DemetrisPortides,UniversityofCyprus,Cyprus WlodekRabinowicz,LundUniversity,Sweden MiklosRedei,LondonSchoolofEconomics,UK FriedrichStadler,UniversityofVienna,Austria GereonWolters,UniversityofKonstanz,Germany ThisnewseriesresultsfromthesynergyofEPSA-EuropeanPhilosophyofScience Association - and PSE - Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective: ESF NetworkingProgramme(2008–2013).It continuesthe aims of the Springerseries “ThePhilosophyofScienceinaEuropeanPerspective”andismeanttogiveanew impetus to European research in the philosophy of science. The main purpose of the series is to provide a publication platform to young researchers working in Europe, who will thus be encouraged to publish in English and make their work internationally known and available. In addition, the series will host the EPSA conference proceedings,selected papers coming from workshops, edited volumes onspecificissuesinthephilosophyofscience,monographsandoutstandingPh.D. dissertations.Therewillbeaspecialemphasisonphilosophyofscienceoriginating fromEurope.Inallcasestherewillbeacommitmenttohighstandardsofquality. TheEditorswillbeassisted byanEditorialBoardofrenownedscholars,whowill adviseontheselectionofmanuscriptstobeconsideredforpublication. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/13909 Uskali Mäki (cid:129) Ioannis Votsis (cid:129) Stéphanie Ruphy Gerhard Schurz Editors Recent Developments in the Philosophy of Science: EPSA13 Helsinki 123 Editors UskaliMäki IoannisVotsis UniversityofHelsinki DCLPS Helsinki,Finland Heinrich-HeineUniversityDuesseldorf Duesseldorf,Germany StéphanieRuphy PhilosophyFaculty PierreMendés-FranceUniversity NewCollegeoftheHumanities Grenoble,France London,UK GerhardSchurz DCLPS Heinrich-HeineUniversityDuesseldorf Duesseldorf,Germany ISSN2365-4228 ISSN2365-4236 (electronic) EuropeanStudiesinPhilosophyofScience ISBN978-3-319-23014-6 ISBN978-3-319-23015-3 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-23015-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015950931 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerInternational PublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+Business Media(www. springer.com) Preface TheEuropeanPhilosophyofScienceAssociation[EPSA]wasestablishedin2007 to promotethe philosophyof scienceon the Europeancontinentandbeyond.One majorwaythisisachievedisthroughtheAssociation’sbiennialconference,which brings together hundreds of philosophers of science from numerous countries, workingonavarietyofsub-fields.The2013conferencetookplaceattheUniversity ofHelsinki,andwasorganizedbytheAcademyofFinlandCentreofExcellencein thePhilosophyoftheSocialSciences[TINT].Fortheprogrammeandotherdetails, seewww.helsinki.fi/epsa13/. AsanindicationofthegrowinginterestinEPSAanditsactivities,theEPSA13 ProgrammeCommittee,chairedbyStéphanieRuphyandGerhardSchurz,received submissions for 391 contributed papers and 21 symposia. About one third of the proposedcontributedpapersandonehalfoftheproposedsymposiawereaccepted. Thisresultedin a programmewith 206speakersin47 sessions, of which12were symposiaand3wereinvitedkeynoteplenaries. AftereachEPSAconferenceacorrespondingProceedingsisputtogether.Itsaim istoshowcasewrittenupversionsofsomeoftheverybestworkpresentedatthat editionoftheconference.Thepresentvolumecontainstwenty-ninepeer-reviewed contributionssourcedfromthe2013meetingofEPSA.Thepurposeofthispreface is not to provide a detailed overview of each contribution – there are simply too manytodothemjusticehere–butrathertogivethereaderalittleforetasteofthe kindsoftopicsonoffer. The twenty-nine contributions can be classified under the following coarsely- grainedtopicheadings(theirfrequencystatedwithinbrackets):generalphilosophy ofscience(x7),philosophyofphysics(x5),socialepistemology(x4),philosophyof probability(x3),philosophyofchemistry(x2),philosophyofmedicine(x2),philos- ophyofthesocialsciencesandhumanities(x2),philosophyofbiology(x1),philos- ophyofmathematics(x1),philosophyofpsychology(x1)andphilosophyofscience andpublicpolicy(x1).Ofcoursethisclassificationisimperfect,assomepapersdeal with more than one of the foregoingheadings. Moreoversome headingshave not even made our list. For example, some papers have a discernible historical vein, though not discernible enough to warrant the label ‘history of science papers’. In v vi Preface spiteofthelimitationsofourclassification,wefeelthatitisadequateforthetaskat hand,namelytoinformthereaderaboutthedistributionoftopicsinthiscollection. A more finely-grained identification of topics demonstrates the rather broad distributionof interests: gender-specificmedicine(AmorettiandVassalo), laws of nature, partial structures and paraconsistent reasoning (Andreas), science funding (Avin), quantum field theory (Bain), fictions, explanation and thermodynamics (Bangu),causalityandphysics(BartelsandWohlfarth),valuesandunderdetermina- tion(Bueter),debatedynamicsandtruthlikeness(Cevolani),judgmentaggregation and wisdom of crowds (Feldbacher), Carnap’s inductive logic and explications (French),localcausalityandBellinequality(Gábor),conceptsofemotionalexpres- sion (Glazer), Bertrand’s paradox and interpretations of probability (Gyenis and Rédei),chemicalkinds(Hendry),manipulation,interventionandexplanation(Käst- ner),objectivityandvaluesinindigenousstudies(Koskinen),causality,complexity and abstraction (Kronfeldner), clinical trials (Nardini), logical empiricism and structural realism (Neuber), causality and decoherence (Samaniego), measures of coherenceandtruthlikeness(Schippers),robustnessanalysisandevidentialdiversity (Schupbach),explanation,idealisationandreductioninquantumchemistry(Seck), scientific representation, fiction and denotation (Suárez), biological essentialism and species pluralism (Talpsepp), realism, scientific progress and verisimilitude (Tambolo),meta-inductionand wisdom of crowds (Thorn),rationalchoice theory andnormativity(Tiefensee)anddefinitionsofchaos(Zuchowski). We would like to extend our warmest gratitude to a number of individuals and organisations. First and foremost we would like to thank the authors whose contributionsare,needlesstosay,themainattraction.Wewouldalsoliketothank the referees most of whom served on the EPSA13 programme committee. In alphabetical order: Alban Bouvier, Ellen Clarke, Michael Cuffaro, Foad Dizadji- Bahmani, Isabelle Drouet, Kevin Elliott, Mathias Frisch, Sven-Ove Hansson, Stephan Hartmann, Janet Kourany, Bernd Lahno, Endla Lõhkivi, Kerry McKen- zie, F.A. Muller, Nancy Nersessian, Wendy Parker, Tom Pashby, Helmut Pulte, Alexander Reutlinger, Bryan W. Roberts, Samuel Schindler, Sonja Smets, Katie Steele,MichaelStöltzner,MauricioSuárez,DavidTeira,CharlotteWerndlandJan Wolenski. Additionally,we would like to thankthe local organisingcommitteeof EPSA13 for all the effortput into an excellently organisedconference,as well as the EPSA steering committee for facilitating our work and for putting the ball in motion. Finally, we would like to thank the good people at Springer who helped make this volume a reality. Three names, in particular, deserve to be mentioned: ChristiLue,MadhuribaSubarayalouandTiesNijssen.Weverymuchhopethatthe readers will find the contents of the Proceedings edifying and inspiring, thereby makingtheeffortsoftheabovementionedallthemoreworthwhile. Helsinki,Finland UskaliMäki London,UK IoannisVotsis Grenoble,France StéphanieRuphy Duesseldorf,Germany GerhardSchurz January2015 Contents PartI TruthandSemantics Coherenceand(Likenessto)Truth ............................................ 3 MichaelSchippers AVerisimilitudinarianRebuttalofaRecentAttackAgainstRealism ..... 17 LucaTambolo RealisticClaimsinLogicalEmpiricism ....................................... 27 MatthiasNeuber PatchworksofLawsandPartialStructures .................................. 43 HolgerAndreas PartII SocialEpistemology,RationalChoiceTheoryand PublicPolicy SocialEpistemology,DebateDynamics,andTruthApproximation........ 57 GustavoCevolani WiseCrowds,CleverMeta-Inductivists....................................... 71 PaulD.Thorn IstheEqual-WeightViewReallySupportedbyPositiveCrowd Effects?............................................................................ 87 ChristianJ.Feldbacher WhytheRealist-InstrumentalistDebateAboutRationalChoice RestsonaMistake ............................................................... 99 ChristineTiefensee FundingSciencebyLottery..................................................... 111 ShaharAvin vii viii Contents PartIII ValuesinScience ResearchersBuildingNations:UnderWhatConditionsCanOvertly PoliticalResearchBeObjective?............................................... 129 InkeriKoskinen AgainsttheAgnosticism-ArgumentforValue-Freedom..................... 141 AnkeBueter PartIV Causality LearningAboutConstitutiveRelations........................................ 155 LenaKästner ReconstitutingPhenomena...................................................... 169 MariaKronfeldner ManipulatingSpins:CausalityandDecoherence ............................ 183 FernandaSamaniego PartV PhilosophyofPhysicsandChemistry HowFundamentalPhysicsRepresentsCausality ............................ 197 AndreasBartelsandDanielWohlfarth LocalCausalityandCompleteSpecification:AReplytoSeevinck andUffink......................................................................... 209 GáborHofer-Szabó PragmatistsandPuristsonCPTInvarianceinRelativisticQuantum FieldTheories .................................................................... 227 JonathanBain ExplanationinQuantumChemistry........................................... 243 CarstenSeck AreChemicalKindsNaturalKinds? .......................................... 251 RobinFindlayHendry PartVI Induction,ProbabilityandChaos WhyBertrand’sParadoxIsNotParadoxicalbutIsFeltSo................. 265 ZalánGyenisandMiklósRédei RevisitingSmale’sFourteenthProblemtoDiscoverTwoDefinitions ofChaos........................................................................... 277 L.C.Zuchowski RudolfCarnap:PhilosophyofScienceasEngineeringExplications....... 293 ChristopherF.French Contents ix Robustness,DiversityofEvidence,andProbabilisticIndependence....... 305 JonahN.Schupbach PartVII Fiction,RepresentationandExplanation WhyDoesWaterBoil?FictionsinScientificExplanation................... 319 SorinBangu ScientificRepresentation,Denotation,andFictionalEntities............... 331 MauricioSuárez PartVIII PhilosophyoftheLifeSciencesandofPsychology NonInferiorityDrugTrialsandtheTrade-offsinRCTs.................... 345 CeciliaNardini AgainstSexandGenderDualisminGender-SpecificMedicine............ 357 MariaCristinaAmorettiandNiclaVassallo BiologicalEssentialismConcerningtheSpeciesCategory................... 369 EditTalpsepp TwoConceptsofEmotionalExpression....................................... 381 TripGlazer
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