Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering M. V. L. R. Anjaneyulu M. Harikrishna Shriniwas S. Arkatkar A. Veeraragavan Editors Recent Advances in Transportation Systems Engineering and Management Select Proceedings of CTSEM 2021 Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Volume 261 Series Editors Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece Sanjay Kumar Shukla, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Chien Ming Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE) publishes the latest developments in Civil Engineering—quickly, informally and in top quality. 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Veeraragavan Editors Recent Advances in Transportation Systems Engineering and Management Select Proceedings of CTSEM 2021 Editors M. V. L. R. Anjaneyulu M. Harikrishna Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Calicut National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut, India Calicut, India Shriniwas S. Arkatkar A. Veeraragavan Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute Indian Institute of Technology Madras of Technology Chennai, India Surat, India ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ISBN 978-981-19-2272-5 ISBN 978-981-19-2273-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2273-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Transportation systems play a vital role in the day-to-day life of people around the world. Whatever be the purpose for which travel is undertaken, the use of a mode of transport for movement and using a transportation facility is inevitable. Hence, the provision of a safe, convenient and efficient transportation system is the need of the hour. Moreover, in the context of the challenges associated with climate change, sustainable use of energy and resources for creating and operating transportation systems, synergy between academicians, researchers and engineers becomes impor- tant for evolving solutions for the same. It is in this context that opportunity was given for academicians, researchers and engineers to pool in their ideas for evolving optimal and sustainable solutions for the problems. Conferences provide the ideal platform for mutually beneficial interaction between the stakeholders of the transportation sector, which could pave way for apt solutions for particular problems. The 8th International Conference on Transportation Systems Engineering and Management (CTSEM 2021), organised Online by the Centre for Transportation Research, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India, during 26–27 August 2021, aimed to bring together researchers, academicians and engineers in different areas of transportation engineering and management. The objectives of the CTSEM were to provide an opportunity for students, research scholars, academicians, scientists and practising professionals to present their research works, exchange ideas, learn about advancements and applications in their respective fields and thus arrive at future directions for research. A total of 247 technical papers were received for the conference. After an initial screening of the papers, 218 papers were identified for a double-blind review process. After the double-blind review process, 175 papers were accepted for presentation in the conference. Out of the 175 papers, 38 were in the transportation planning track, 45 in the traffic engineering track, 55 in the pavement technology track and 37 in the ITS track. Researchers from 67 institutes/organisations contributed to the technical papers. The research papers were subjected to a double-blind review scrutiny for their technical and presentation content. The expertise of reviewers from research organ- isations from around the world was efficiently utilised for the double-blind review v vi Preface process. The research papers were evaluated, and the authors were given the oppor- tunity to revise the contents, based on the reviewers’ comments. The revised papers were scrutinised for their compliance to the suggestions put forth by the reviewers. The consent of the authors was sought for the publication of their research papers in “Recent Advances in Transportation Systems Engineering and Management—Select Proceedings of CTSEM 2021”. The editorial team places on record the heartfelt thanks and appreciation to the expert team of reviewers for their meticulous and time-bound scrutiny of the research papers and for giving constructive suggestions for improving the quality of the research papers. The authors are congratulated for their efforts and for their contributions towards solving the problems associated with transportation systems. As George Bernard Shaw rightly said, “Progress is impossible without change; and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything”, it is hoped that this attempt to highlight the contributions in the field of transportation systems engineering and management would provide further impetus for researchers to work with greater zeal for finding sustainable solutions to the problems in this field. Calicut, India M. V. L. R. Anjaneyulu Calicut, India M. Harikrishna Surat, India Shriniwas S. Arkatkar Chennai, India A. Veeraragavan Contents Air Pollution Effect of Fog on Traffic Parameters in Mixed Traffic Condition ........ 3 Angshuman Pandit and Anuj Kishor Budhkar Capacity and LOS Analysis Analyzing Traffic Performance of Toll Plazas Using Performance Box: A Case Study ................................................. 17 Chintaman Bari, Yogeshwar V. Navandar, and Ashish Dhamaniya Capacity Analysis for Electronically Operated Toll Plaza Under Mixed Traffic Condition ............................................ 35 Meet D. Ajudiya, Pradip J. Gundaliya, and Yogeshwar V. Navandar Comparison of Dynamic Passenger Car Values Estimated at Signalised Intersections Under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions .... 51 P. N. Salini, B. Anish Kini, and Gopika Mohan Dynamic Passenger Car Equivalency Values for Multilane Roundabouts Under Mixed Traffic Conditions—A Case Study ......... 67 Vaibhav Negi, Hari Krishna Gaddam, and K. Ramachandra Rao Impact of Implementing Two-Wheeler Boxes at Signalized T-Intersections Under Mixed Traffic Conditions ...................... 81 V. H. Ardra, B. Anish Kini, and S. Moses Santhakumar Optimisation Combined Passenger and Cargo Transport: A Hybrid Simulation and Optimization Approach Focusing on the Transshipment of Cargo Between Tram Vehicles .................................... 99 Ralf Elbert, Jessica Schwarz, and Johannes Rentschler vii viii Contents GIS-Based Model for Optimum Location of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations ................................................. 113 Binal Vansola, Minal, and Rena N. Shukla Optimizing Points of Intersection for Highway and Railway Alignment—Using Path Planner Method and Ant Algorithm-Based Approach ......................................................... 127 M. B. Sushma, Sandeepan Roy, and Avijit Maji Pavement Analysis Comparison of Dynamic Loads Generated by Truck with Dual Tires and Wide Base Tires .......................................... 147 Suraparaju Venkata Sai Tharun, Kakara Srikanth, and Venkaiah Chowdary Impact of Choice of Lane on Multilane Flexible Pavement ............. 159 J. Priscilla Ponmani and M. R. Nivitha Pavement Evaluation and Management Establishing an Optimum Maintenance Strategy for a National Highway Using HDM-4: A Case Study of NH 66 Section in Kerala, India ............................................................. 175 Sangeetha Jayamohan, V. S. Sanjay Kumar, and T. Sreelatha Delineation of Pavement Stretches into Homogeneous Sections Using Pavement Condition Data: An Optimization Approach .......... 189 Soumyarup Biswas and Kranthi K. Kuna Simplified Methodology for Optimal Maintenance Management of Highway Pavement Network ..................................... 205 M. R. Archana, V. Anjaneyappa, M. S. Amarnath, and A. Veeraragavan Pavement Materials Evaluation of Performance of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures Using Acetone as Rejuvenator ............................. 219 Lekhaz Devulapalli, Goutham Sarang, and Saravanan Kothadaraman Investigating the Effect of Aggregate Size and Binder Material Proportion on Strength and Permeability of Pervious Concrete by Statistical Modeling ............................................. 235 Sudhir Kumar Boddu Investigations on Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixes by Utilizing Slag and Cellulose Fiber ................................................ 253 Shriram Marathe, P. K. Akarsh, Arun Kumar Bhat, and Mahesh Kumar Contents ix Laboratory Evaluation on the Use of Natural Fibre in Gap-Graded Asphalt Mixtures .................................................. 261 Raghuram K. Chinnabhandar, A. U. Ravi Shankar, V. Sai Ganesh, Arnet Cleetus, and Shubham Chourasia Linear Viscoelastic Limits for Aged and Unaged Bitumen ............. 275 T. Srikanth and A. Padmarekha Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Rigid Pavement with High RAP Content ...................................................... 285 M. K. Diptikanta Rout, Sabyasachi Biswas, and Abdhesh Kumar Sinha Public Transport Analysis of Bus Stop Delay Variability Using Public Transit GPS Data .............................................................. 301 H. Ayana, Raviraj H. Mulangi, and M. M. Harsha Effectiveness of Passenger Attraction Policies: A Pre-COVID-19 and Post-lockdown Comparison .................................... 317 Sandra Kamar, S. Shaheem, B. Vinayaka, and Samson Mathew Evaluation of Transit Accessibility by Geoprocessing Techniques for Surat City ..................................................... 331 Rohit B. Rathod, Gaurang J. Joshi, and Shriniwas S. Arkatkar Evaluation of Users Approbation Indicators of Delhi Metro ........... 349 Salman Khursheed and Farhan Ahmed Kidwai “Multi-criteria Approach for Identification of Suitable Land Parcels to Develop Intermodal Transit Hubs: A Case Study of Bengaluru, India” ............................................... 367 Krishna Saw and Priyanka Kataria Identifying User Preference Criteria for Selecting Public Transportation System as a Mode of Transport: A State-of-the-Art Review ........................................................... 391 Kanika and Chetan R. Patel Urban Metrorail Funding and Financing in India: Empirical Analysis of Potential Innovative Options ............................. 411 Anjula Negi and Sanjay Gupta Visualisation of Transit Passenger’s Mobility from Automatic Fare Collection Data (AFC): Case Study of Hubli–Dharwad BRTS ......... 431 Shivaraj Halyal, Raviraj H. Mulangi, and M. M. Harsha