Recent Advances in Natural Computing: Selected Results from the IWNC 8 Symposium PDF
Preview Recent Advances in Natural Computing: Selected Results from the IWNC 8 Symposium
Mathematics for Industry 14 Yasuhiro Suzuki Masami Hagiya Editors Recent Advances in Natural Computing Selected Results from the IWNC 8 Symposium Mathematics for Industry Volume 14 Editor-in-Chief Masato Wakayama (KyushuUniversity, Japan) ScientificBoard Members RobertS.Anderssen(CommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganisation,Australia) HeinzH.Bauschke(TheUniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada) PhilipBroadbridge(LaTrobeUniversity,Australia) JinCheng(FudanUniversity,China) MoniqueChyba(UniversityofHawaiiatMānoa,USA) Georges-HenriCottet(JosephFourierUniversity,France) JoséAlbertoCuminato(UniversityofSãoPaulo,Brazil) Shin-ichiroEi(HokkaidoUniversity,Japan) YasuhideFukumoto(KyushuUniversity,Japan) JonathanR.M.Hosking(IBMT.J.WatsonResearchCenter,USA) AlejandroJofré(UniversityofChile,Chile) KerryLandman(TheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia) RobertMcKibbin(MasseyUniversity,NewZealand) GeoffMercer(AustralianNationalUniversity,Australia)(Deceased,2014) AndreaParmeggiani(UniversityofMontpellier2,France) JillPipher(BrownUniversity,USA) KonradPolthier(FreeUniversityofBerlin,Germany) OsamuSaeki(KyushuUniversity,Japan) WilSchilders(EindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands) ZuoweiShen(NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore) Kim-ChuanToh(NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore) EvgenyVerbitskiy(LeidenUniversity,TheNetherlands) NakahiroYoshida(TheUniversityofTokyo,Japan) Aims&Scope Themeaningof“MathematicsforIndustry”(sometimesabbreviatedasMIorMfI)isdifferentfrom thatof“MathematicsinIndustry”(orof“IndustrialMathematics”).Thelatterisrestrictive:ittends tobeidentifiedwiththeactualmathematicsthatspecificallyarisesinthedailymanagementand operationofmanufacturing.Theformer,however,denotesanewresearchfieldinmathematicsthat may serve as a foundation for creating future technologies. This concept was born from the integrationandreorganizationofpureandappliedmathematicsinthepresentdayintoafluidand versatileformcapableofstimulatingawarenessoftheimportanceofmathematicsinindustry,as well as responding to the needs of industrial technologies. The history of this integration and reorganizationindicatesthatthisbasicideawillsomedayfindincreasingutility.Mathematicscanbe akeytechnologyinmodernsociety. Theseriesaimstopromotethistrendby(1)providingcomprehensivecontentonapplications of mathematics, especially to industry technologies via various types of scientific research, (2) introducingbasic,useful,necessaryandcrucialknowledgeforseveralapplicationsthroughconcrete subjects,and(3)introducingnewresearchresultsanddevelopmentsforapplicationsofmathematics in the real world. These points may provide the basis for opening a new mathematics-oriented technologicalworldandevennewresearchfieldsofmathematics. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13254 Yasuhiro Suzuki Masami Hagiya (cid:129) Editors Recent Advances in Natural Computing Selected Results from the IWNC 8 Symposium 123 Editors Yasuhiro Suzuki Masami Hagiya Schoolof Informatics andSciences TheUniversity of Tokyo Nagoya University Tokyo Nagoya,Aichi Japan Japan ISSN 2198-350X ISSN 2198-3518 (electronic) Mathematics for Industry ISBN978-4-431-55428-8 ISBN978-4-431-55429-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55429-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015943351 SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerJapan2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerJapanKKispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface This book is a collection of papers that were presented at the 8th International Workshop on Natural Computing (8th IWNC) at the YMCA in Hiroshima, Japan, during March 18–19, 2014. At the workshop, the following presentations were made: “Self-organized 3D-Printing Patterns Simulated by Cellular Automata” by Yasushi Kanada; “Cellular Automata Automatically Constructed from a Bioconvection Pattern” by Akane Kawaharada, Erika Shoji, Hiraku Nishimori, Akinori Awazu, Shunsuke Izumi and Makoto Iima; “A Comparison of Grouping Behaviors on Rule-Based and Learning-Based Multi-agent Systems” by Akihiro Ueyama, Teijiro Isokawa, Haruhiko Nishimura, and Nobuyuki Matsui; “Measurements of Negative Joint Probabilities in Optical Quantum System” by Masataka Iinuma, Yutaro Suzuki, and Holger F. Hofmann; “Brownian Motion AppliedtoMacroscopicGroupRobotsWithoutMutualCommunication”byTeturo Itami; “Comparison of Tactile Score with Some Prescriptions in Artworks: From the Point of Media Transformation” by Fuminori Akiba; “Drawing as the Relative MovementBetweenSubjectandMedium:UsingaRobottoShowtheSubjectivity in Dynamic Flows of Consciousness” by Miki Goan, Katsuyoshi Tsujita, Susumu KiharaandKenjiroOkazaki;and“EvolutionofHonestSignalandCryWolfSignal in an Ecological System” by Megumi Sakai and Yasuhiro Suzuki. IWNC 8 was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research for an Innovative Area (Molecular Robotics). Yasuhiro Suzuki Masami Hagiya v Contents Self-organized 3D-Printing Patterns Simulated by Cellular Automata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Yasusi Kanada Cellular Automata Automatically Constructed from a Bioconvection Pattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Akane Kawaharada, Erika Shoji, Hiraku Nishimori, Akinori Awazu, Shunsuke Izumi and Makoto Iima A Comparison of Grouping Behaviors on Rule-Based and Learning-Based Multi-agent Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Akihiro Ueyama, Teijiro Isokawa, Haruhiko Nishimura and Nobuyuki Matsui Measurements of Negative Joint Probabilities in Optical Quantum System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Masataka Iinuma, Yutaro Suzuki and Holger F. Hofmann Brownian Motion Applied to Macroscopic Group Robots Without Mutual Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Teturo Itami Comparison of Tactile Score with Some Prescriptions in Artworks: From the Point of Media Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Fuminori Akiba Drawing as the Relative Movement Between Subject and Medium: Using a Robot to Show the Subjectivity in Dynamic Flows of Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Miki Goan, Katsuyoshi Tsujita, Susumu Kihara and Kenjiro Okazaki vii viii Contents Evolution of Honest Signal and Cry Wolf Signal in an Ecological System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Megumi Sakai and Yasuhiro Suzuki Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Self-organized 3D-Printing Patterns Simulated by Cellular Automata YasusiKanada Abstract 3D printers are usually used for printing objects designed by 3D CAD exactly,i.e.,deterministically.However,3Dprintingprocesscontainsstochasticself- organizationprocessthatgenerateemergentpatterns.Amethodforgeneratingfully self-organizedpatternsusingafuseddepositionmodeling(FDM)3Dprinterhasbeen developed.Meltedplasticfilamentisextrudedconstantlyinthismethod;however,by usingthismethod,variouspatterns,suchasstripes,splittingand/ormergingpatterns, andmeshescanbegenerated.Acellular-automata-basedcomputationalmodelthat cansimulatesuchpatternshavealsobeendeveloped. · · · Keywords 3D printing Asynchronous cellular automata (CA) Randomness · Fluctuation Fuseddepositionmodeling(FDM) 1 Introduction 3D-printingtechnologies,oradditivemanufacturing(AM)technologies(Gibsonet al.2010), usually aim reproducing objects deterministically designed by using 3D computer-aided design (CAD) tools. Object models designed by using CAD are horizontallyslicedintothin“layers”byso-called“slicers”,anda3Dprinterprintsthe layersonebyone.Especially,3Dprintersforfuseddepositionmodeling(FDM),such asthoseofStratasys,Makerbot,orRepRap(2015),shapes3Dobjectsbylayering meltedplasticfilamentextrudedbyahotnozzle. 3D printing process contains self-organization process that generates emergent andfluctuated patternsbuttheyhavebeenignoredbythe3D-printingcommunity. Printingprocessescontainsbifurcations,andprintingconditionsandprocessinclud- ingnozzletemperature,extrusionprocess,airmotion,andsoon,arefluctuated,so thegeneratedpatternsarepartiallyself-organizedandnaturallyrandomized(Kanada 2014). Although the printing process is usually controlled well so that the self- organization processes are suppressed and the fluctuation usually does not cause B Y.Kanada( ) Dasyn.com,Tokyo,Japan e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerJapan2016 1 Y.SuzukiandM.Hagiya(eds.),RecentAdvancesinNaturalComputing, MathematicsforIndustry14,DOI10.1007/978-4-431-55429-5_1 2 Y.Kanada (a) (b) Fig.1 Printedobjectswithstringsandchunks(ABS,byRostockMAX).aPyramid(38×38× 33mm3),bBetweentwoobjects(38×38×28mm3) seriousproblemstoshape3Dobjects,stochasticpatternscausedbyfluctuationcan still often be seen in printed objects as described below. However, self-organized patternsgeneratedby3Dprintersareregardedasnoisesandaremostlyignoredin 3Dprintingcommunitiesandindustries. Self-organizedstochasticpatternscanbeseeninprintedobjectssuchasshownin Fig.1.Twotypesofstochasticpatternscanbeseeninthisphoto.First,thinstrings existbetweenstandingedges.Althoughfilamentextrusionstopswhentheheadisto movewithoutextrusion,itisdifficulttostopitcompletelyandanunintendedstring isoftengenerated.Second,smallchunksofplasticexistattheendorcenterofstrings inFig.1.Incontrasttostrings,whicharemoreuniform,thenozzlemaycreateless uniformchunks.Thesepatternsandotherstochasticpatterns,i.e.,extrusionfailure andstickingfailure,areexplainedmoreinapreviousstudy(Kanada2014). TheemergenceofFDMprintingprocessescanbestressedbydesigningafully self-organizing printing process that simulates one-dimensional cellular automata (1DCA)andthatgeneratesartifactsincludingdesignitselfasfewaspossible.This process was proposed by the previous study. It generates emergent and stochastic 2Dpatternsbyhelicalprint-headmotion.Basicpatternsgeneratedbythisprinting methodarestripes.However,stripesmaysometimesspitormerge,wavesmaycross thestripes,andpatternsmaybemeshesaccordingtoprintingconditions.Thisstudy focuses on these types of patterns and shows a computational model based on 1D CAthatcansimulatetwotypesofpatternsandsuggestprocessesofothertypes. The rest of this chapter is organized as follows. Section2 proposes a method forprintingfullyself-organizedpatternsandshowsbasicprintedresults.Section3 proposesaCA-basedcomputationalmethodtosimulatethebasicpatterns.Section4 showsvarioustypesofpatterns,anextensiontotheCA-basedmethod,andcompares patternsgeneratedbytheprintingandsimulationmethods.Section5describesthe differences between the printing and simulation results, and Sect.6 concludes this study.
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