Recent Advances in Control Problems of Dynamical Systems and Networks PDF
Preview Recent Advances in Control Problems of Dynamical Systems and Networks
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 301 Ju H. Park Editor Recent Advances in Control Problems of Dynamical Systems and Networks Studies in Systems, Decision and Control Volume 301 Series Editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland The series “Studies in Systems, Decision and Control” (SSDC) covers both new developments and advances, as well as the state of the art, in the various areas of broadly perceived systems, decision making and control–quickly, up to date and withahighquality.Theintentistocoverthetheory,applications,andperspectives on the state of the art and future developments relevant to systems, decision making,control,complexprocessesandrelatedareas, asembeddedinthefieldsof engineering,computerscience,physics,economics,socialandlifesciences,aswell astheparadigmsandmethodologiesbehindthem.Theseriescontainsmonographs, textbooks, lecture notes and edited volumes in systems, decision making and control spanning the areas of Cyber-Physical Systems, Autonomous Systems, Sensor Networks, Control Systems, Energy Systems, Automotive Systems, Biological Systems, Vehicular Networking and Connected Vehicles, Aerospace Systems, Automation, Manufacturing, Smart Grids, Nonlinear Systems, Power Systems, Robotics, Social Systems, Economic Systems and other. Of particular valuetoboththecontributorsandthereadershiparetheshortpublicationtimeframe and the world-wide distribution and exposure which enable both a wide and rapid dissemination of research output. ** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI, SCOPUS, DBLP, Ulrichs, MathSciNet, Current Mathematical Publications, Mathematical Reviews, Zentralblatt Math: MetaPress and Springerlink. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13304 Ju H. Park Editor Recent Advances in Control Problems of Dynamical Systems and Networks 123 Editor Ju H.Park Department ofElectrical Engineering Yeungnam University Kyongsan,Korea (Republic of) ISSN 2198-4182 ISSN 2198-4190 (electronic) Studies in Systems,DecisionandControl ISBN978-3-030-49122-2 ISBN978-3-030-49123-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49123-9 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland To my parents Preface In the last decade, there have been rapid developments and changes in the field of control engineering. Departing from the study of classical linear/nonlinear control systems, tremendous efforts have been made to tackle more complex systems or networks and many real-world application problems. In particular, with the more powerful IT technology, the components of the control systems are connected to a wireless network, and the concept of a cyber-physical system in which physical layersandcyberspacescoexisthasalsoemerged.Besides,undertheinfluenceofthe 4th Industrial Revolution, advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machinelearning,InternetofThings,virtualreality,wearabledevices,andbigdata are grafting with control systems. In addition to the progress of this innovative technology, the field of control theory has been creating a stepping stone to solve the limitations of reality one by one that has not been addressed in the past. From this point of view, even in the sameresearchsubjectincontrolengineering,theintentionofplanningthisbookis to cover with issues such as (i) control theories that weren’t developed, (ii) con- straintsofsystemsthatweren’taddressed,or(iii)controlsystemsofnewstructures that could not be dealt with when readers look at books or papers published 10 years ago. Aim of the Book The aim of this book is (1) to provide an introduction to recent research trend on various topics on control problems of dynamical systems and networks and (2) to present novel analysis and synthesis frameworks for investigating the stability and designing controllers of the systems and networks. To show the progress of research on these topics from various perspectives, in this book, several dynamic system models in the continuous or discrete-time domainsuchastraditionallinearandnonlinearsystems,networkedcontrolsystems, fractional-order systems, switched systems, large-scale interconnected systems, vii viii Preface neural networks, and complex networks have been considered for various control problems. In the system analysis, certain system phenomena including uncertainties, time delays, actuator faults, switching, asynchronous sampling, event-triggered scheme, impulse,andcyber-attacksareconsideredtodealwiththestabilityandstabilization problems in the systems and networks. In order to show applicability to real problems, it is noted that some examples are chosen from practical industrial models. From a detailed view of the contents of the book, it collects works carried out recently by promising experts in this field. By their contribution, this book covers the problems on observer/estimator design, observer-based control, finite-time stability and stabilization, eigenvector-centrality-based consensus protocol, sampled-data control, fuzzy-based control, sliding mode control, fault alarm, fault detection/estimation/reconstruction, fault-tolerant control, event-triggered control, asynchronous quantized control, synchronization, positivity, stochastic stability, and so on. Some preliminary results of the material presented in the book may have been published in eminent international journals in recent years by contributors. Therefore, if readers want to know additional basic knowledge and advanced one related to the contents of each chapter, please refer to the previously published resultsofeachcontributor,whichcanbeeasilyfoundthroughacademicDBsearch. It is noted that this book attempts to consolidate the recent new results or extended results of previous studies from contributors on the topics mentioned above. In this respect, the book as a tutorial reference as well as an advanced monographislikelytobeofuseforthewideandheterogeneousgroupofgraduate students and doctoral researchers in science and engineering who are focusing on control theory and corresponding real applications for various dynamical systems and networks. Main Features of This Book Thisbookpresentsboththeoreticaldevelopmentandapplicationsintherealworld in the important research areas in control engineering including linear systems, nonlinear systems, time-delay systems, positive systems, multi-agent systems, fractional-ordersystems,networkedcontrolsystems,hybridandswitchingsystems, stochasticsystems,fuzzysystems,descriptorsystems,parabolicsystems,impulsive systems, complex networks, and neural networks. Ascanbeseenfromthesystemclassificationmentionedabove,thisbookcovers the latest control problems for almost all systems studied in control engineering. For dealing with these systems and networks, some new control strategies are applied based on the following control schemes including sampled-data control, fault-tolerantcontrol,event-triggeredcontrol,slidingmodecontrol,observer-based control, and H1 control. Preface ix Appropriate features suggested by this book include the following: 1. Providing various mathematical and engineering basic and advanced knowledge. 2. Introduction of various control systems and networks. 3. Presenting recent research trends on control theory. 4. State-of-the-art controller design techniques. 5. Constraints in the control system to be considered in the real environment. 6. Examples to help readers understand how the theories and methods presented apply. 7. Accompanying detailed simulation results. Prerequisites and Intended Audience Thisbookshouldbeofinteresttobothgraduatestudentsandresearchersinthearea of control theory and applications, as well as those new to the area. The reporting on the latest developments from various points of view in this area is certainly to attract intense interest to relevant researchers who are concerned with the newest trends and topics. To understand the research flow and contents on the various topics covered in thisbook,thebackgroundrequiredofthereadersisbasicandadvancedknowledge of linear algebra, calculus, linear and nonlinear control system theory, Lyapunov stability theory, probability theory, and simulation techniques. In particular, for the fractional-order systems discussed in Part, additional knowledgeoftheLyapunovfunctiontheoryassociatedwithfractionalderivativesis required. Outline of the Book The book is composed of four parts, with the system classification ranging from Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Systems, Switched Systems and Hybrid Control, Fractional-Order Systems, and Dynamical Networks. In soliciting the chapter contributions from experts on related fields, maximum effort has been attempted to cover the hottest topics in four above research categories. Part,“LinearandNonlinearDynamicSystems”,startsinchapter“PartialState ObserversforLinearTime-DelaySystems”andendswithchapter“FaultEstimator for Parabolic Systems with Distributed Inputs and Outputs”, which introduces the recent control problems on a variety of topics on linear and nonlinear dynamic systems. x Preface Asweknowwell,adynamicsystemisasysteminwhichthestates(orvariables) areexpressedasafunctionoftimeinphysicalspace.Manypeoplebelievethatthe concept of such dynamic systems was invented by French mathematician Henri Poincare in the late 1800s. The most basic classification of dynamic systems is to distinguish between linear and nonlinear systems. A linear dynamic system is a mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator. Nonlinear systemsrefertothetypeofdynamicsystemswheretheoutputfromthesystemdoes not vary directly with respect to input to the system. Starting from the nineteenth century, control problems of linear or nonlinear dynamic systems in various areas we encounter result from system modeling to stability analysis and controller design. First, there has been a tremendous amount of research into the stability of dynamic systems over two centuries. Various sta- bility concepts including asymptotic stability, exponential stability, bounded-input bounded-output stability, Nyquist stability, uniform stability, stochastic stability, and absolute stability have been introduced through stability theories. In addition, control theories for stabilizing such systems have evolved. For example, PID control, optimal control, adaptive control, robust control, fuzzy control, neural control,stochasticcontrol,model-predictivecontrol,andsoon.Ingeneral,systems are analyzed in the time domain or in the frequency domain by considering the characteristicsofthesystemtodealwithcontrolproblems.Asiswellknown,inthe frequency domain analysis of classical control theory, the Fourier transform, Laplacetransform,orZ-transformisusedtodealwiththevariousanalysesoflinear systemsindepth.Ontheotherhand,inthetimedomainformoderncontroltheory, theanalysis ofreal-worldnonlinear systems including linear systemsiscarried out using state equations, another form of differential equations. Forstabilityandstabilizationofdynamicsystems,inthisPart,forvariouslinear systems andnonlinear systems having impulse,fault,delay, oruncertainfactorsin continuous-time or discrete-time space, the controller design techniques of a number of ways for the stabilization of closed-loop systems are introduced. Part,“SwitchedSystemsandHybridControl”,startsinchapter“Event-Triggered Control of Discrete-Time Switched Linear Systems Via Communication Channels withLimitedCapacity”andendswithchapter“AsynchronousQuantizedControlfor MarkovSwitchingSystemswithChannelFading”,whichintroduceshottesttopicson switched systems and hybrid control. A hybrid system is capable of exhibiting simultaneously several kinds of dynamic behavior in different parts of a system like continuous-time dynamics, discrete-time dynamics, jump phenomena, operating mode changes, and logic-based switching. From the mathematical standpoint, these hybrid systems have mathematical models of different forms, such as algebraic equations, differ- enceequations,ordinarydifferentialequations,and/orpartialdifferentialequations. Switchedsystemsareanimportantclassofhybriddynamicalsystems,whichare widelyusedtomodelmanyrealphysicalsystemswithmulti-modeswitching,such as, in electronic circuits field, power electronics, chemical processes, mechanical systems,automotiveindustry,aircraftandairtrafficcontrol,andsoon.Ingeneral,a switched system consists of a finite number of continuous (or discrete)-time
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