Recent Advances in Aerodynamics: Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Stanford University, August 22–26, 1983 PDF
Preview Recent Advances in Aerodynamics: Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Stanford University, August 22–26, 1983
Recent Advances in Aerodynamics Also available from Springer-Verlag the companion volume on aeroacoustics- Recent Advances in Aeroacoustics Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Stanford University, August 22-26, 1983 Edited by A.Krothapalli and C.A.Smith Contents: NOISE DUE TO JETS, SHEAR LAYERS, AND TURBULENCE. J.E.Ffowcs Williams: Waves in Turbulent Mixing Layers. C.K.W.Tam: On Broadband Shock Associated Noise of Supersonic Jets. M.S.Howe: On the Ab- sorption of Sound by Turbulence and Other Hydrodynamic Flows. ROTOR ACOUSTICS. A.R.George: Analyses of Broadband Noise Mechanisms of Rotors. F.Farassat: The Evolution of Methods for Noise Predictions of High Speed Rotors and Propellers in the Time Domain. F.H.Schmitz and Y.H.Yu: Helicopter Im- pUlsive Noise: Theoretical and Experimental Status. GENERATION AND PROPAGATION. W.K.Blake and A.Powell: The Development of Contemporary Views of Flow-Tone Generation. N.Rott: A Simple Theory of the Sondhauss Tube. S.M.Cande\: A Review of Numerical Methods in Acoustic Wave Propagation. D.G.Crighton: Nonlinear Acoustic Propagation of Broadband Noise. A.H.Nayfeh: Acoustic Propagation in Partially Choked Ducts Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg Vienna Tokyo Recent Advances in Aerodynamics Proceedings of an International Symposium held at Stanford University, August 22-26, 1983 Edited by Anjaneyulu Krothapalli and Charles A. Smith With Contributions by R.K. Agarwal D. Baganoff P.M. Bevilaqua S.S. Davis E.H. Dowell R.L. Fearn K.Y. Fung U. Ganzer C.-M. Ho A.K.M.F. Hussain D.A. Johnson D.R. Kotansky R.E. Kuhn J.T.C. Liu J.G. Marvin W.J. McCroskey A. Michalke R.H. Miller S.M. Przybytkowski D. Rockwell T. Sarpkaya W.R. Sears A.R. Seebass With 403 Illustrations Springer- Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo Anjaneyulu Krothapalli Charles A. Smith Department of Mechanical Engineering NASA Ames Research Center FAMUlFSU College of Engineering Moffett Field, CA 94035 The Florida State University U.S.A. Tallahassee, FL 32306 U.S.A. library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title : Recent advances in ae rodynamics. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Recent Advances in Aerodynamics and Acoustics, organized by the Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics. Includes bibliographies. I. Aerodynamics-Congresses. 2. Aerodynamic noise- Congresses. I. Krothapalli, A. (Anjaneyulu), 1950- II . Smith, C. A. (Charles Arthur), 1945- Il l. International Symposium on Recent Advances in Aerodynamics and Acoustics (1983 : Stanford University) IV. Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics. TL570.R373 1985 629. 132'3 84·22117 o 1986 by Springer-Vedag New York Inc. All rights reserved . No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer· Verlag. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York. New York 100 10, U.S.A. Copyright is not claimed for works by U.S. Government Employees: Joseph G. Marvin (pp. 99- 164), Dennis A. Johnson (pp. 63 1-658). and Sanford S. Davis (pp. 547-5(6). Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or perwnal use of specific clients, is granted by Springer· Verlag New York Inc. for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC/. provided that the base fee of $0.00 per copy, plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress Street. Salem, MA 01970, U.S.A. Special requests should be addressed directly to Springer· Verlag New York. 175 Fifth Avenue. New York, NY 10010. U.S.A. 963B·7f86 $0.00 + .20 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I ISBN - 13:97R- 1-461 2-9379- R c - ISBN-13:978- 1-4612 -4972 -6 001. 10.1 007/978- 1-4612-4972-6 Preface The Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics at Stanford University was established in October 1973 to provide an academic environment for long-term cooperative research between Stanford and NASA Ames Research Center. Since its establishment, the In- stitute has wnducted theoretical and experimental work in the areas of aerodynamics, acoustics, fluid mechanics, flight dynamics, guid- ance and control, and human factors. This research has involved Stanford faculty, research associates, graduate students, and many distinguished visitors in collaborative efforts with the research staff of NASA Ames Research Center. The occasion of the Institute's tenth anniversary was used to reflect back on where that research has brought us, and to consider where our endeavors should be directed next. Thus, an International Symposium was held to review recent advances in the fields relevant to the activities of the Institute and to discuss the areas of research to be undertaken in the future. This anniversary was also chosen a.."1 an opportunity to honor one of the Institute's founders and its di- rector, Professor Krishnamurty Karamcheti. It has been his creative inspiration that has provided the ideal research environment at the Joint Institute. The International Symposium on Recent Advances in Aero- dynamics and Aconstics was held at Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A., August 22-26, 198:~. Thirty-five distinguished scientists were invited to present a comprehensive review on the fol- lowing subject areas: unsteady aerodynamics, jets and shear layers, V /STOL aircraft aerodynamics, rotor dynamics and aerodynamics,. aeroaconstics, and rotor acoustics. The proceedings of the sympo- sium a.re organized in two volumes. One volume contains the papers concerned with aerodynamics and the other volume those papers dealing with a.eroacollstics and rotoracoustics. Acknowledgements During the preparation for the symposium a number of people, both at NASA Ames Research Center and at Stanford University, contributed in various ways. Here, we mention a few of those who represent the spirit and efforts of many. As honorary chairman of the Symposium, Mr. C. A. Syvertson served invaluably, not only in this capacity but also in several other essential roles before and dur- ing the symposium. Mr. C. T. Snyder and Mr. VV. D. Deckert were instrumental in helping to organize the outstanding contribution and collaboration of NASA. Mr. David Hickey, through many dis- cussions, provided suggestions and ideas which were incorporated in the running of the Symposium. As a co-chairman of the Symposium, Prof. Leonard Roberts coordinated many of the difficult organizing tasks. We should like to note that the success of the technical sessions is a credit to the session chairmen, who effectively presided over the presentations and discussions. In this context we would like to extend our gratitude to Dr. Jack Nielsen, Prof. J. E. Ffowcs Williams, Prof. Brian Cantwell, Prof. Harold Levine, Prof. W. C. Reynolds, Dr. Gordon Banerian, Prof. Holt Ashley, and Dr. Craig Simcox. The expert preparation of the proceedings was done by Ms. Doris Hsia and Ms. Dianne Budnik. It involved an immense effort on their part to get the proceedings in the present form. We give our sincere thanks and appreciation to both of them. We also wish to express our appreciation to Springer-Verlag for their understanding and patience. An undertaking such as this would not be possible without the generous support of the NASA Ames Research Center. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, on a personal note we thank Prof. Krishnamurty Karamcheti. His continuous help, encouragement, and personal warmth has always been a source of stimulation for those of us associated with him. It is with a deep sense of appreciation that we dedicate these proceedings to him. A. Krothapalli C. A. Smith Contents List of Contributors . . . . . xi Part I. Unsteady Aerodynamics Advances in the Understanding and Computation of Unsteady Transonic Flow A. R. Seebass, K. Y. Fung, and S. M. Przybytkowski 3 Unsteady Transonic Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity Earl H. Dowell ............ 39 Modeling of Turbulent Separated Flows for Aerodynamic Applications Joseph G. Marvin ............... 99 An Alternative Look at the Unsteady Separation Phenomenon Chih-Ming Ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 165 Part II. Jets and Shear Layers Vortex-Edge Interactions Donald Rockwell 181 Large-Scale Organized Motions in Jets and Shear Layers A.K.M.F. Hussain . . . . . . . . . . 205 Results of Jet Instability Theory Alfons Michalke 263 Large-Scale Coherent Structures in Free Turbulent Flows and Their Aerodynamic Sound J. T. C. Liu .............. 297 Part m. V/STOL Aerodynamics The Induced Aerodynamics of Jet and Fan Powered V/STOL Aircraft Richard E. Kuhn . ..... . 337 Advances in Ejector Thrust Augmentation Paul M. Bevilaqua . . . . . . 375 Progress Towards a Model to Describe Jetj Aerodynamic-Surface Interference Effects Richard L. Fearn 407 Multiple Jet Impingement Flowfields Donald R. Kotansky 435 Recent Advances in Prediction Methods for Jet-Induced Effects on V jSTOL Aircraft Ramesh K. Agarwal ............. 471 Part IV. Experimental Techniques A Wind-Tunnel Method for V jSTOL Testing W. R. Sears . ........ . 525 The Evolution of Adaptive-Wall Wind Tunnels Sanford S. Davis . . . . . . . . . 547 Advances in Adaptive Wall Wind Tunnel Technique Uwe Ganzer ............ . 567 Prospects for Flow Measurements Based on Spectroscopic Methods Donald Baganoff . . . . . . . . . 603 Laser Velocimetry for Transonic Aerodynamics D. A. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . 631 Part V. Rotor Dynamics and Aerodynamics The Aerodynamics and Dynamics of Rotors-Problems and Perspectives Rene H. Miller 659 Special Opportunities in Helicopter Aerodynamics W. J. McCroskey ..... . 723 The Rise and Demise of Trailing Vortices Turgut Sarpkaya . . . . . . . 753 List of Contributors Agarwal, Ramesh Ganzer, Uwe McDonnel Douglas Corporation Institut fur Luft-und Raumfahrt St. Louis, MO 63166 Technische Universitiit Berlin Marchstr. 14 Sekr. F2 D-1000 Berlin 10, Germany Baganoff, Donald Department of Aeronautics and Ho, Chih-Ming Astronautics Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Stanford University University of Southern California Stanford, CA 94305 Olin Hall 300 Los Angeles, CA 90089-1454 Bevilaqua, Paul Rockwell International Hussain, A.K.M.F. Corporation Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Dept. 71, Bldg. 6 University of Houston 4300 East 5th Ave. Houston, TX 77004 Columbus, OH 43216 Johnson, Dennis Davis, Sanford NASA Ames Research Center NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 227-8 Mail Stop 227-8 Moffett Field, CA 94035 Moffett Field, CA 94035 Kotansky, Donald R. Dowell, Earl H. McDonnell Aircraft Company School of Engineering McDonnell Douglas Corporation Duke University St. Louis, MO 63166 Durham, NC 27706 Kuhn, Richard Fearn, Richard L. 111 Mistletoe Drive Dept. of Engineering Sciences Newport News, VA 23606 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 Liu, J.T.C. Engineering Division Fung, K. Y. Brown University University of Arizona Box D Tucson, AZ 85721 Providence, RI 02912 Marvin, Joseph Sears, W. R. NASA Ames Research Center Aerospace and Mechanical Mail Stop 229-1 Engineering Dept. Moffett Field, CA 94035 The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 McCroskey, William J. NASA Ames Research Center Seeb~ss, A. R. Mail Stop 202A-1 College of Engineering Moffett Field, CA 94035 and Applied Science AD 1-1 Engineering Center Campus Box 422 Michalke, Alfons University of Colorado Hermann-Fottinger-Institut fur Boulder, CO 80309 Thermo- und Fluiddynamik Technische Universitiit Berlin Sekr. HF-1 Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-1000 Berlin 12, West Germany Editors: Miller, Rene H. Dept. of Aeronautics and Krothapalli, A. Astronautics Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mass. Institute of Technology Institute for Engineering Cambridge, MA 02139 The Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32306 Przybytkowski, Stanislaw M. University of Arizona Smith, Charles A. Tucson, AZ 85721 NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 247-1 Moffett Field, CA 94035 Roekwell, Donald' Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Assistant editor: Lehigh University Hsia, Doris Bethlehem, PA 18015 Joint Institute for Aeronautics and Acoustics Sarpkaya, Turgut Dept. of Aeronautics and U. S. Navy Astronautics Department of Defense Stanford University Monterey, CA 93940 Stanford, CA 94305 xii
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