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S. Hrg. 103-328 REAUTHORIZATION OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT Y4,P 96/10:8. HRG. 103-328 :INGS Reauthorization of the Clean Uater. .AE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CLEAN WATER, FISHERIES, AND WILDLIFE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1114 A BILL TO AMEND AND REAUTHORIZE THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES AND S. 1302 A BILL TO AMEND THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT TO IMPROVE THE CONSERVATION OF WETLANDS AND THEREBY RE- STORE AND MAINTAIN THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF THE NATION'S WATERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES JUNE 16, 23; JULY 1, 14, 27; AUGUST 4, 5; AND SEPTEMBER 15, 1993 Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Pubhc Works S. Hrg. 103-328 REAUTHORIZATION OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CLEAN WATER, FISHERIES, AND WILDLIFE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIEONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1114 A BILL TO AMEND AND REAUTHORIZE THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES AND S. 1302 A BILL TO AMEND THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT TO IMPROVE THE CONSERVATION OF WETLANDS AND THEREBY RE- STORE AND MAINTAIN THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF THE NATION'S WATERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES JUNE 16, 23; JULY 1, 14, 27; AUGUST 4, 5; AND SEPTEMBER 15, 1993 Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works ^''^^ 9m^ '^^y U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1993 : ForsalebytheU.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice SuperintendentofDocuments,CongressionalSalesOffice,Washington.DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-043358-A COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS MAX BAUCUS, Montana, Chairman DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island GEORGE J. MITCHELL, Maine ALAN K. SIMPSON, Wyoming FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey DAVE DURENBERGER, Minnesota HARRY REID, Nevada JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia BOB GRAHAM, Florida ROBERT SMITH, New Hampshire JHOOSWEAPRHDI.ML.IMEBEETRZMEANNB,AUCoMn,necOthiicout LDIARUKCHKEFMAPITRHCLOORTNHE,,NIodrathhoCarolina HARRIS WOFFORD, Pennsylvania BARBARA BOXER, California Peter L. Scher, StaffDirector Steven J. SmMBERG, MinorityStaffDirectorand ChiefCounsel Subcommittee on Clean Water, Fisheries, and Wildufe BOB GRAHAM, Florida, Chairman GEORGE J. MITCHELL, Maine JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey DAVE DURENBERGER, Minnesota HARRY REID, Nevada LAUCH FAIRCLOTH, North Carolina JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Idaho HARRIS WOFFORD, Pennsylvania (II) CONTENTS JUNE 16, 1993 THE CLEAN WATER ACT IN GENERAL Page OPENING STATEMENTS GChraafheaem,,HoHno.n.JoBhobn,HU..,SU..SS.enSaetnoartofrrofmrotmhethSetaStteaotfeFolfoRrhidoadeIsland 16 LLiauetbeenrbmearng,,HHoonn..JForsaenphkIR..,,UU..SS..SSeennaattoorrffrroommtthheeSSttaatteeooffCNonenwecJteircsuety 351 Metzenbaum, Hon. HowardM., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofOhio 19 WITNESSES Browner, Hon. Carol M., Administrator, Environmental ProtectionAgency 7 Prepared statement " 44 ConwParye,paRroebedrst,taSteenmieonrtCorporate Fellow, UnionCarbideCorporation..............". 31 g4 Responses toadditionalquestions ' 79 Cooper, William, Institute for EnvironmentalToxicology, Michigan State Uni- versity 25 RPerseppoanrseedssttoataedmdietnitonalquestions .............".."\ 5592 Huggett, Robert, College of William and Mary, Virginia institute of Meirine Sciences 28 Prepared statement g3 Karr,James, Institute forEnvironmentalStudies, UniversityofWashington... 32 Prepared statement 85 Responses toadditional questions 89 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL S. 1114 94 JUNE 23,1993 FUNDING; STORMWATER AND COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMontana 315 Chafee, Hon. John H., U.S. SenatorfromtheState ofRhodeIsland 316 Durenberger, Hon. Dave, U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMinnesota 331 Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senatorfrom theState ofNorthCarolina 318 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofFlorida 311 Lautenberg, Hon. Frank R., U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofNewJersey 349 WITNESSES Adler, Robert, SeniorAttorney, NaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil 325 Preparedstatement 368 Agriss, Terry, President, New York Environmental Facilities Corporation, representingtheCouncU ofInfrastructureFinancingAuthorities 339 Preparedstatement 397 (in) IV Page Brnzelius, Kenneth, President, Rural C!ommunity Assistance Program, New Prague, Minnesota 342 Preparedstatement 403 Responses toquestionsfrom SenatorKempthome 405 Fraser, Hon. Donald, Mayor, Minneapolis, Minnesota, representing the Na- tional League ofCities 319 Prepared statement 350 Marchetti, Paul, Executive Director, Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority, Harrisbui^, Pennsylvania 345 Preparedstatement 408 Responses toquestionsfrom SenatorKempthome 411 Marino, Ronald, Vice President, Public Finance Division, Smith Barney, Harris, Upham & Ck>, Inc., representingthePublicSecuritiesAssociation 347 Preparedstatement 414 Responsestoquestionsfrom SenatorKempthome 416 Prothro, Martha, Acting Assistant Administrator, OfRce of Water, Environ- mental Protection Agency 327 Prepared statement 389 Smith, Greg, Chairman, Municipal Assistance Task Force, Ohio Environmen- tal Protection Agency, representing the Association ofState and interstate WaterControl Administrators 321 Preparedstatement 357 Wagner, Ekiweird, Deputy Commissioner, New York City Department ofEnvi- ronmental Protection, representing the Association of Metropolitan Sewer- age Agencies 323 Preparedstatement 363 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL WashingtonPost, editorialfrom 314 JULY 1, 1993 TOXIC POLLUTION: PREVENTION AND CONTROL OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofMontana 420 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senator from the StateofFlorida 419 WITNESSES Baker, Bruce, Director, Water Resources Management, Wisconsin Depart- ment ofNatural Resources, representing the Association ofState and Inter- state Water PollutionControl Administrators, Washington, DC 423 Preparedstatement 474 Batchelder, James R., Vice President, Environmental Affairs & Technical Services, Koopers Industries, representingthe American Wood Institute 466 Prepared statement 539 Responses toquestionsfrom Senator Kempthome 543 Dawson, Anita, Memager, Environmental Affairs, American Cyanamid Com- pany, representing the Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 424 Preparedstatement 479 Hackmann, FrankH., representingtheU.S. ChamberofCommerce 456 Preparedstatement 533 Hartman, Caroljoi, StaffAttorney, U.S. Public InterestResearchGroup 436 Preparedstatement 492 Hulsey, Brett, Director, GreatLakes Program, SierraClub, Washington, DC.... 454 Preparedstatement 521 Landman,JessicaC, SeniorAttorney, Natural ResourcesDefenseCovmcU 444 Preparedstatement 506 Prothro, Martha, Acting Assistant Administrator, Office of Water, Environ- mental ProtectionAgency 425 Preparedstatement 481 Rees, Morgan, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy, Planning, and Legisla- tion, U.S. ArmyCorpsofEngineers 457 Preparedstatement 535 V Roy, Manik, Pollution Prevention Specialist, Environmental DefenseFund 4?2 Prepared statement Irq Silliman, Jeffrey, representingthe Anierican'TextiieMg^iifacturere 449 Prepared statement cTr Stein, John, Director, Strategic Environmentsd Stui'^','Anheuser-Bu^ Louis, Missouri, representingthe National Environmental DevelopmentAs- sociation ^07 Prepared statement ..."."!."."!."!!!."!!!!!! 488 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Statements: Hembra, Richard, UnitedStatesGeneral AccountingOffice 548 JULY 14, 1993 NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom the State ofMontana 573 Chafee, Hon. John H., U.S. Senator from the State ofRhodeIsland '.'. 555 Durenberger, Hon. Dave, U.S. Senatorfrom theState ofMinnesota 563 Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senator from the StateofNorthCarolina 574 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofFlorida 553 Kempthome, Hon. Dirk, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofIdaho 575 Lieberman, Hon. Joseph I., U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofConnecticut 564 WITNESSES Appleton, Albert, Commissioner, New York City Department ofEnvironmen- tal Protection 558 Prepared statement 625 Cameron, Diane, Natural Resources DefenseCouncil 564 Prepared statement 635 De Golyer, Willard, Dairy Farmer, National Council ofFarmerCooperatives... 591 Prepared statement 663 Genho, Paul, Chairman, Private Lands and Environmental Management Committee, National Cattlemen'sAssociation 596 Prepared statement 689 Grubbs, Geoffrey, Director, Assessment and Watershed Protection Division, Environmental Protection Agency 560 Prepared statement 630 McGuire, Richard, New York StateCommissionerofAgriculture and Markets 556 Prepared statement 610 Olson, Judy, Vice President, National Association of Wheat Growers, Gar- field, Washington 594 Prepared statement 686 Olszewski, Robert, representingAmerican Forestand PaperAssociation 567 Prepared statement 660 Tucker, L. Scott, Chairman, Stormwater Committee, National Association of Flood and StormwaterManagementAgencies 598 Prepared statement 698 Vap, Gerald, Vice President, National Association of Conservation Districts, McCook, Nebraska 566 Prepared statement 656 Weeks, Stanley, Director, Farm Research Systems and Product Development, Agway, Inc., Syracuse, New York 593 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Association ofState and InterstateWaterPollutionControlAdministrators 706 Coastal StatesOrganization, Inc 711 . VI Page JULY 27, 1993 WATERSHED PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT; MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT OPENING STATEMENTS Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofNorthCarolina 715 GrgJiam, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofFlorida 713 Lautenberg, Hon. Frank R., U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofNewJersey 745 WITNESSES Anderson, Blake,CountySsinitationDistrictofOrangeCounty 719 Preparedstatement 762 Dooley, Marlen, Assistant Commissioner for Enforcement, New Jersey De- partmentofEnvironmental ProtectionandEnergy 746 Preparedstatement 785 Gauvin, Charles, President,TroutUnlimited 720 Preparedstatement 767 Herman, Steve, Assistant Administrator for Enforcement, Environmental ProtectionAgency 749 Preparedstatement 801 Responsetoarequestforadditional information 813 Lloyd, !^ward, General Counsel, NewJerseyPublic Interest ResearchGroup 747 Preparedstatement 786 MarzuUa, Roger, Partner, Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, Washington, DC 752 Preparedstatement 815 Spalding, Curt, ExecutiveDirector, SavetheBay, Providence, Rhode Island 722 Preparedstatement 770 Stickel, Lorna, representing the Western Governors Association, Denver, Col- orado 725 Preparedstatement 774 Tedder, Steve, Chief, Water Quality Section, Environmental Maneigement Division, State ofNorth Carolina, representingthe Association ofState and InterstateWaterPollution Control Agencies 716 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS American PlanningAssociation 818 CaliforniaAssociation ofSanitation Agencies 826 Chemical Manufacturers Association 630 Davies, Tudor T., Acting Deputy, Assistant Administrator, Office of Water, EnvironmentalProtection Agency 837 NationalEnvironmentalDevelopmentAssociation 831 AUGUST 4, 1993 REGIONAL ISSUES OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMontana 863 Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofCalifornia 910 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofFlorida 849 Lautenberg, Hon. FrankR., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofNewJersey 851 Metzenbaum, Hon. HowardM., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofOhio 889 Mitchell, Hon. GeorgeJ., U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofMaine „ 850 Warner, Hon. JohnW.,U.S. Senatorfrom the CommonwealthofVirginia 871 Wofford, Hon. Harris, U.S. SenatorfromtheState ofPennsylvania 876 WITNESSES Atkin,John, CleanWaterJobsCoalition, Norwalk, Connecticut 885 Preparedstatement 965 Baker,William, President,ChesapeakeBayFoundation,Annapolis, Maryland 879 Preparedstatement 955 VII Behr, Tom, DeputyMayor, CityofSan Diego q^ Prepared statement qpf' Bingaman, Hon. Jeff, U.S. Senatorfrom theSteteorNewMexico 897 982 ^'^^Pr^eJpraSr^ed'fs.taLtieym^e^ntr'' ^"^^'•'^ Coalition orAridStei^r^csoniAi^oria 858 Caliban, ^nny, aRepresentative in Congres^fromtheSteteorAlab^^^^ 989362 irGpflrGQ st3,t€in6nt oqi CelluPcrcie,paAr.ePdauslt,atLeimeeunttenantGovernor.Commonwe^th'ofM^ach^^^^^^ 9g0o6V Coling, George, GreatLakes Specialist, TheSieri^aClub,'W^hii"^^^ 877 Prepared statement glr CoyB,ayJeCfofrmemyi,sCshiaoinrman, Pennsylvania House ofRepresentetives, ChesaT^Oak^ og. Prepared statement "!"'.'!!!."!."!."!."."!!!"!!!. 957 Espinosa,Judith, CabinetSecretary, NewMexicoEn^i^onmentai'Departme^ 899 Fmgerhut, Enc, aRepresentative in Congressfrom theStateofOhio 894 Preparedstatement qoq Glotfelty, Caren, PennsylvaniaDepartmentoifEnvironmentalResources 883 Prepared statement Gramm, Hon. Phil, U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofTexas......."......" 8q9q7q Hansen, Paul, Director, Midwest Regional Office, Izaak Walton League of America, Minneapolis, Minnesota 888 Prepared statement KaptPurre,pMaarrecdys,taatReempernetsentative in CongressfromtheStateo!!f!!!O!h!i!!o!.!.!.!!.!.!.!.!!.!....... ' 8Q9r97jr20j Kennedy, Hon. Edward, U.S. Senator from the Commonwealtii ofMassacliu- setts 902 Prepared statement 983 KerryP,reHpoanr.edJoshtne,teUm.eSn.tSenatorfrom theStateofNebraska !..".."................"...' 998044 MacDonald, Doug, Executive Director, Massachusetts Water Resources Au- thority 908 Preparedstatement 989 Martin, Dawn, American OceansCampaign, Washington,DC 853 Prepared stetement 915 Responses to additional questions 927 Sarbanes, Hon. Paul S., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMaryland 866 Preparedstetement 937 Wedepohl, Richard, North American Lake Management Society, Madison, Wisconsin 855 Preparedstetement 930 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS American Automobile ManufacturersAssociation 997 dela, Garza, E. (Kika), aRepresentativein Congressfrom theStateofOhio 993 Glenn, Hon. John, U.S. Senatorfrom theSteteofOhio 995 LaughJin, Greg, a Representetivein CongressfromtheSteteofTexas 996 AUGUST 5, 1993 FEDERAL AGENCIES; MONITORING; AND OTHER ISSUES OPENING STATEMENT Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. SenatorfromtheSteteofFlorida 1001 WITNESSES Adelsman, Hedia, representingtheWestern GovernorsAssociation 1031 Preparedstetement 1075 Hall, Douglas K., Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, U.S. De- partmentofCommerce 1009 Preparedstetement 1053 Hecker, JayEtte Z., Director, Resources, Community, and Economic Develop- mentInformation Systems, GeneralAccountingOffice 1028 Preparedstetement 1071 VIII Page Lyons, James R., Assistant Secretary for Natural Resources and Environ- ment, DepartmentofAgriculture 1003 Preparedstatement 1047 Nero, Wendy,WaterConservation Manger, CityofTampa, Florida 1037 Preparedstatement 1090 Peck, Dallas, Director, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, U.S. DepartmentofInterior 1012 Preparedstatement 1057 Spear, Michael, Assistant Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Depart- mentoftheInterior 1013 Preparedstatement 1061 Wayland, Robert H., m. Director, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Water- sheds, Environmental ProtectionAgency 1016 WoodPwroerptahr,edRosgteart,emPernestident, National Hydropower Association, tWtatsh;:m•gton, DC 1034 Preparedstatement J^"o^ SEPTEMBER 15, 1993 WETLANDS ISSUES OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom theState ofMontana 1142 Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofCalifornia 1129 Duren'berger, Hon. Dave, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofMinnesota 1098 Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senatorfromthe State ofNorthCarolina 1096 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofFlorida 1093 Kempthorne, Hon. Dirk, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofIdaho 1095 Lieberman,Hon. JosephI., U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofConnecticut 1100 Reid,Hon. Harry, U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofNevada 1097 WITNESSES Bierly, Ken, WetlandsProgram Manager, Oregon Division ofState Lands 1165 Prepared statement ••••"• 1245 Brown,Ted, VicePresidentandGeneral Counsel, ArvidaCompany 118^ CoopePrr,epDaarveiddsJt.,atSeemneinotr Research Scientist, Department of••F•"i:•s••hery andjVtWti-lVdV-' ^^^^ EdlwiafPerrdBesip,oalHorgoeydn,.sCtDoaoltnoe,rmaaednoRteSptraetseeUnntiavteirvseiitnyCongressfromthe•••S••tateof~-C;\a"l\i:nlomiva 1I11f12^l74o Preparedstatement ••• ;•••••• •••••• •• 1219 Hausmann, Scott, Chairman, Association of State Wetland Managers, and Chief, WaterRegulations,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources 1159 Preparedstatement -: ••.•. v;-;: V ^^^^ Inkley, Douglas B., Director, Biodiversity Conservation Division, National WildlifeFederation 1l1^Jo9o Pr6D3.r©<lst3.t©ni6iit James, Dan, Federal Affairs Representative, Pacific Northwest Waterways Association 11°° KlecPknreerp,arDeedasntaR.t,emPreenstident,American Farm BureauFed•e•rati;on J11Y7a7^ LarsoPnr,epJaorseedphstSa.,tePmreonftessor ofBiology, The Environmental••••I•nsti-.•tute, •U•n••i•:ver- 1277 sityofMassachusettsatAmherst 1121 LatchP,reMpaarrke,dDsitvaitseimoennDtirector, FloridaDepartmentof"•E"•n•v•i.ronmentVa"li"iPir"o"tLec- 11"^ tion Preparedstatement ....^...... 1235 Lyons, James R., Assistant Secretary, Natural Resources and Environment, U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture 1104 Preparedstatement 1^01 Responsestoadditionalquestions ••• •"• 1^05 Marsh, Langdon, Executive Deputy Commissioner, New York State Depart- mentofEnvironmentalConservation 1161 Preparedstatement ••••• •• •• ]^°°l Martin, KevinC,President, Soil and Environmental St ,co, Inc 1184

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Reauthorization of the Clean Water Act : hearings before the Subcommittee on Clean Water, Fisheries, and Wildlife of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, on S. 1114 ... S. 1302 ... PDF

1716 Pages·1994·62.5 MB·English
by  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Water, Fisheries, and Wildlife
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Preview Reauthorization of the Clean Water Act : hearings before the Subcommittee on Clean Water, Fisheries, and Wildlife of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, on S. 1114 ... S. 1302 ...

S. Hrg. 103-328 REAUTHORIZATION OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT Y4,P 96/10:8. HRG. 103-328 :INGS Reauthorization of the Clean Uater. .AE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CLEAN WATER, FISHERIES, AND WILDLIFE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1114 A BILL TO AMEND AND REAUTHORIZE THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES AND S. 1302 A BILL TO AMEND THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT TO IMPROVE THE CONSERVATION OF WETLANDS AND THEREBY RE- STORE AND MAINTAIN THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF THE NATION'S WATERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES JUNE 16, 23; JULY 1, 14, 27; AUGUST 4, 5; AND SEPTEMBER 15, 1993 Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Pubhc Works S. Hrg. 103-328 REAUTHORIZATION OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CLEAN WATER, FISHERIES, AND WILDLIFE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIEONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON S. 1114 A BILL TO AMEND AND REAUTHORIZE THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES AND S. 1302 A BILL TO AMEND THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT TO IMPROVE THE CONSERVATION OF WETLANDS AND THEREBY RE- STORE AND MAINTAIN THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF THE NATION'S WATERS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES JUNE 16, 23; JULY 1, 14, 27; AUGUST 4, 5; AND SEPTEMBER 15, 1993 Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works ^''^^ 9m^ '^^y U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1993 : ForsalebytheU.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice SuperintendentofDocuments,CongressionalSalesOffice,Washington.DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-043358-A COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS MAX BAUCUS, Montana, Chairman DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island GEORGE J. MITCHELL, Maine ALAN K. SIMPSON, Wyoming FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey DAVE DURENBERGER, Minnesota HARRY REID, Nevada JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia BOB GRAHAM, Florida ROBERT SMITH, New Hampshire JHOOSWEAPRHDI.ML.IMEBEETRZMEANNB,AUCoMn,necOthiicout LDIARUKCHKEFMAPITRHCLOORTNHE,,NIodrathhoCarolina HARRIS WOFFORD, Pennsylvania BARBARA BOXER, California Peter L. Scher, StaffDirector Steven J. SmMBERG, MinorityStaffDirectorand ChiefCounsel Subcommittee on Clean Water, Fisheries, and Wildufe BOB GRAHAM, Florida, Chairman GEORGE J. MITCHELL, Maine JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey DAVE DURENBERGER, Minnesota HARRY REID, Nevada LAUCH FAIRCLOTH, North Carolina JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Idaho HARRIS WOFFORD, Pennsylvania (II) CONTENTS JUNE 16, 1993 THE CLEAN WATER ACT IN GENERAL Page OPENING STATEMENTS GChraafheaem,,HoHno.n.JoBhobn,HU..,SU..SS.enSaetnoartofrrofmrotmhethSetaStteaotfeFolfoRrhidoadeIsland 16 LLiauetbeenrbmearng,,HHoonn..JForsaenphkIR..,,UU..SS..SSeennaattoorrffrroommtthheeSSttaatteeooffCNonenwecJteircsuety 351 Metzenbaum, Hon. HowardM., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofOhio 19 WITNESSES Browner, Hon. Carol M., Administrator, Environmental ProtectionAgency 7 Prepared statement " 44 ConwParye,paRroebedrst,taSteenmieonrtCorporate Fellow, UnionCarbideCorporation..............". 31 g4 Responses toadditionalquestions ' 79 Cooper, William, Institute for EnvironmentalToxicology, Michigan State Uni- versity 25 RPerseppoanrseedssttoataedmdietnitonalquestions .............".."\ 5592 Huggett, Robert, College of William and Mary, Virginia institute of Meirine Sciences 28 Prepared statement g3 Karr,James, Institute forEnvironmentalStudies, UniversityofWashington... 32 Prepared statement 85 Responses toadditional questions 89 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL S. 1114 94 JUNE 23,1993 FUNDING; STORMWATER AND COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMontana 315 Chafee, Hon. John H., U.S. SenatorfromtheState ofRhodeIsland 316 Durenberger, Hon. Dave, U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMinnesota 331 Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senatorfrom theState ofNorthCarolina 318 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofFlorida 311 Lautenberg, Hon. Frank R., U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofNewJersey 349 WITNESSES Adler, Robert, SeniorAttorney, NaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil 325 Preparedstatement 368 Agriss, Terry, President, New York Environmental Facilities Corporation, representingtheCouncU ofInfrastructureFinancingAuthorities 339 Preparedstatement 397 (in) IV Page Brnzelius, Kenneth, President, Rural C!ommunity Assistance Program, New Prague, Minnesota 342 Preparedstatement 403 Responses toquestionsfrom SenatorKempthome 405 Fraser, Hon. Donald, Mayor, Minneapolis, Minnesota, representing the Na- tional League ofCities 319 Prepared statement 350 Marchetti, Paul, Executive Director, Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority, Harrisbui^, Pennsylvania 345 Preparedstatement 408 Responses toquestionsfrom SenatorKempthome 411 Marino, Ronald, Vice President, Public Finance Division, Smith Barney, Harris, Upham & Ck>, Inc., representingthePublicSecuritiesAssociation 347 Preparedstatement 414 Responsestoquestionsfrom SenatorKempthome 416 Prothro, Martha, Acting Assistant Administrator, OfRce of Water, Environ- mental Protection Agency 327 Prepared statement 389 Smith, Greg, Chairman, Municipal Assistance Task Force, Ohio Environmen- tal Protection Agency, representing the Association ofState and interstate WaterControl Administrators 321 Preparedstatement 357 Wagner, Ekiweird, Deputy Commissioner, New York City Department ofEnvi- ronmental Protection, representing the Association of Metropolitan Sewer- age Agencies 323 Preparedstatement 363 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL WashingtonPost, editorialfrom 314 JULY 1, 1993 TOXIC POLLUTION: PREVENTION AND CONTROL OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofMontana 420 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senator from the StateofFlorida 419 WITNESSES Baker, Bruce, Director, Water Resources Management, Wisconsin Depart- ment ofNatural Resources, representing the Association ofState and Inter- state Water PollutionControl Administrators, Washington, DC 423 Preparedstatement 474 Batchelder, James R., Vice President, Environmental Affairs & Technical Services, Koopers Industries, representingthe American Wood Institute 466 Prepared statement 539 Responses toquestionsfrom Senator Kempthome 543 Dawson, Anita, Memager, Environmental Affairs, American Cyanamid Com- pany, representing the Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 424 Preparedstatement 479 Hackmann, FrankH., representingtheU.S. ChamberofCommerce 456 Preparedstatement 533 Hartman, Caroljoi, StaffAttorney, U.S. Public InterestResearchGroup 436 Preparedstatement 492 Hulsey, Brett, Director, GreatLakes Program, SierraClub, Washington, DC.... 454 Preparedstatement 521 Landman,JessicaC, SeniorAttorney, Natural ResourcesDefenseCovmcU 444 Preparedstatement 506 Prothro, Martha, Acting Assistant Administrator, Office of Water, Environ- mental ProtectionAgency 425 Preparedstatement 481 Rees, Morgan, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy, Planning, and Legisla- tion, U.S. ArmyCorpsofEngineers 457 Preparedstatement 535 V Roy, Manik, Pollution Prevention Specialist, Environmental DefenseFund 4?2 Prepared statement Irq Silliman, Jeffrey, representingthe Anierican'TextiieMg^iifacturere 449 Prepared statement cTr Stein, John, Director, Strategic Environmentsd Stui'^','Anheuser-Bu^ Louis, Missouri, representingthe National Environmental DevelopmentAs- sociation ^07 Prepared statement ..."."!."."!."!!!."!!!!!! 488 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Statements: Hembra, Richard, UnitedStatesGeneral AccountingOffice 548 JULY 14, 1993 NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom the State ofMontana 573 Chafee, Hon. John H., U.S. Senator from the State ofRhodeIsland '.'. 555 Durenberger, Hon. Dave, U.S. Senatorfrom theState ofMinnesota 563 Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senator from the StateofNorthCarolina 574 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofFlorida 553 Kempthome, Hon. Dirk, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofIdaho 575 Lieberman, Hon. Joseph I., U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofConnecticut 564 WITNESSES Appleton, Albert, Commissioner, New York City Department ofEnvironmen- tal Protection 558 Prepared statement 625 Cameron, Diane, Natural Resources DefenseCouncil 564 Prepared statement 635 De Golyer, Willard, Dairy Farmer, National Council ofFarmerCooperatives... 591 Prepared statement 663 Genho, Paul, Chairman, Private Lands and Environmental Management Committee, National Cattlemen'sAssociation 596 Prepared statement 689 Grubbs, Geoffrey, Director, Assessment and Watershed Protection Division, Environmental Protection Agency 560 Prepared statement 630 McGuire, Richard, New York StateCommissionerofAgriculture and Markets 556 Prepared statement 610 Olson, Judy, Vice President, National Association of Wheat Growers, Gar- field, Washington 594 Prepared statement 686 Olszewski, Robert, representingAmerican Forestand PaperAssociation 567 Prepared statement 660 Tucker, L. Scott, Chairman, Stormwater Committee, National Association of Flood and StormwaterManagementAgencies 598 Prepared statement 698 Vap, Gerald, Vice President, National Association of Conservation Districts, McCook, Nebraska 566 Prepared statement 656 Weeks, Stanley, Director, Farm Research Systems and Product Development, Agway, Inc., Syracuse, New York 593 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Association ofState and InterstateWaterPollutionControlAdministrators 706 Coastal StatesOrganization, Inc 711 . VI Page JULY 27, 1993 WATERSHED PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT; MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT OPENING STATEMENTS Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofNorthCarolina 715 GrgJiam, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofFlorida 713 Lautenberg, Hon. Frank R., U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofNewJersey 745 WITNESSES Anderson, Blake,CountySsinitationDistrictofOrangeCounty 719 Preparedstatement 762 Dooley, Marlen, Assistant Commissioner for Enforcement, New Jersey De- partmentofEnvironmental ProtectionandEnergy 746 Preparedstatement 785 Gauvin, Charles, President,TroutUnlimited 720 Preparedstatement 767 Herman, Steve, Assistant Administrator for Enforcement, Environmental ProtectionAgency 749 Preparedstatement 801 Responsetoarequestforadditional information 813 Lloyd, !^ward, General Counsel, NewJerseyPublic Interest ResearchGroup 747 Preparedstatement 786 MarzuUa, Roger, Partner, Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, Washington, DC 752 Preparedstatement 815 Spalding, Curt, ExecutiveDirector, SavetheBay, Providence, Rhode Island 722 Preparedstatement 770 Stickel, Lorna, representing the Western Governors Association, Denver, Col- orado 725 Preparedstatement 774 Tedder, Steve, Chief, Water Quality Section, Environmental Maneigement Division, State ofNorth Carolina, representingthe Association ofState and InterstateWaterPollution Control Agencies 716 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS American PlanningAssociation 818 CaliforniaAssociation ofSanitation Agencies 826 Chemical Manufacturers Association 630 Davies, Tudor T., Acting Deputy, Assistant Administrator, Office of Water, EnvironmentalProtection Agency 837 NationalEnvironmentalDevelopmentAssociation 831 AUGUST 4, 1993 REGIONAL ISSUES OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMontana 863 Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofCalifornia 910 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofFlorida 849 Lautenberg, Hon. FrankR., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofNewJersey 851 Metzenbaum, Hon. HowardM., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofOhio 889 Mitchell, Hon. GeorgeJ., U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofMaine „ 850 Warner, Hon. JohnW.,U.S. Senatorfrom the CommonwealthofVirginia 871 Wofford, Hon. Harris, U.S. SenatorfromtheState ofPennsylvania 876 WITNESSES Atkin,John, CleanWaterJobsCoalition, Norwalk, Connecticut 885 Preparedstatement 965 Baker,William, President,ChesapeakeBayFoundation,Annapolis, Maryland 879 Preparedstatement 955 VII Behr, Tom, DeputyMayor, CityofSan Diego q^ Prepared statement qpf' Bingaman, Hon. Jeff, U.S. Senatorfrom theSteteorNewMexico 897 982 ^'^^Pr^eJpraSr^ed'fs.taLtieym^e^ntr'' ^"^^'•'^ Coalition orAridStei^r^csoniAi^oria 858 Caliban, ^nny, aRepresentative in Congres^fromtheSteteorAlab^^^^ 989362 irGpflrGQ st3,t€in6nt oqi CelluPcrcie,paAr.ePdauslt,atLeimeeunttenantGovernor.Commonwe^th'ofM^ach^^^^^^ 9g0o6V Coling, George, GreatLakes Specialist, TheSieri^aClub,'W^hii"^^^ 877 Prepared statement glr CoyB,ayJeCfofrmemyi,sCshiaoinrman, Pennsylvania House ofRepresentetives, ChesaT^Oak^ og. Prepared statement "!"'.'!!!."!."!."!."."!!!"!!!. 957 Espinosa,Judith, CabinetSecretary, NewMexicoEn^i^onmentai'Departme^ 899 Fmgerhut, Enc, aRepresentative in Congressfrom theStateofOhio 894 Preparedstatement qoq Glotfelty, Caren, PennsylvaniaDepartmentoifEnvironmentalResources 883 Prepared statement Gramm, Hon. Phil, U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofTexas......."......" 8q9q7q Hansen, Paul, Director, Midwest Regional Office, Izaak Walton League of America, Minneapolis, Minnesota 888 Prepared statement KaptPurre,pMaarrecdys,taatReempernetsentative in CongressfromtheStateo!!f!!!O!h!i!!o!.!.!.!!.!.!.!.!!.!....... ' 8Q9r97jr20j Kennedy, Hon. Edward, U.S. Senator from the Commonwealtii ofMassacliu- setts 902 Prepared statement 983 KerryP,reHpoanr.edJoshtne,teUm.eSn.tSenatorfrom theStateofNebraska !..".."................"...' 998044 MacDonald, Doug, Executive Director, Massachusetts Water Resources Au- thority 908 Preparedstatement 989 Martin, Dawn, American OceansCampaign, Washington,DC 853 Prepared stetement 915 Responses to additional questions 927 Sarbanes, Hon. Paul S., U.S. Senatorfrom theStateofMaryland 866 Preparedstetement 937 Wedepohl, Richard, North American Lake Management Society, Madison, Wisconsin 855 Preparedstetement 930 ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS American Automobile ManufacturersAssociation 997 dela, Garza, E. (Kika), aRepresentativein Congressfrom theStateofOhio 993 Glenn, Hon. John, U.S. Senatorfrom theSteteofOhio 995 LaughJin, Greg, a Representetivein CongressfromtheSteteofTexas 996 AUGUST 5, 1993 FEDERAL AGENCIES; MONITORING; AND OTHER ISSUES OPENING STATEMENT Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. SenatorfromtheSteteofFlorida 1001 WITNESSES Adelsman, Hedia, representingtheWestern GovernorsAssociation 1031 Preparedstetement 1075 Hall, Douglas K., Assistant Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, U.S. De- partmentofCommerce 1009 Preparedstetement 1053 Hecker, JayEtte Z., Director, Resources, Community, and Economic Develop- mentInformation Systems, GeneralAccountingOffice 1028 Preparedstetement 1071 VIII Page Lyons, James R., Assistant Secretary for Natural Resources and Environ- ment, DepartmentofAgriculture 1003 Preparedstatement 1047 Nero, Wendy,WaterConservation Manger, CityofTampa, Florida 1037 Preparedstatement 1090 Peck, Dallas, Director, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, U.S. DepartmentofInterior 1012 Preparedstatement 1057 Spear, Michael, Assistant Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Depart- mentoftheInterior 1013 Preparedstatement 1061 Wayland, Robert H., m. Director, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Water- sheds, Environmental ProtectionAgency 1016 WoodPwroerptahr,edRosgteart,emPernestident, National Hydropower Association, tWtatsh;:m•gton, DC 1034 Preparedstatement J^"o^ SEPTEMBER 15, 1993 WETLANDS ISSUES OPENING STATEMENTS Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senatorfrom theState ofMontana 1142 Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofCalifornia 1129 Duren'berger, Hon. Dave, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofMinnesota 1098 Faircloth, Hon. Lauch, U.S. Senatorfromthe State ofNorthCarolina 1096 Graham, Hon. Bob, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofFlorida 1093 Kempthorne, Hon. Dirk, U.S. Senatorfrom the StateofIdaho 1095 Lieberman,Hon. JosephI., U.S. SenatorfromtheStateofConnecticut 1100 Reid,Hon. Harry, U.S. Senatorfromthe StateofNevada 1097 WITNESSES Bierly, Ken, WetlandsProgram Manager, Oregon Division ofState Lands 1165 Prepared statement ••••"• 1245 Brown,Ted, VicePresidentandGeneral Counsel, ArvidaCompany 118^ CoopePrr,epDaarveiddsJt.,atSeemneinotr Research Scientist, Department of••F•"i:•s••hery andjVtWti-lVdV-' ^^^^ EdlwiafPerrdBesip,oalHorgoeydn,.sCtDoaoltnoe,rmaaednoRteSptraetseeUnntiavteirvseiitnyCongressfromthe•••S••tateof~-C;\a"l\i:nlomiva 1I11f12^l74o Preparedstatement ••• ;•••••• •••••• •• 1219 Hausmann, Scott, Chairman, Association of State Wetland Managers, and Chief, WaterRegulations,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources 1159 Preparedstatement -: ••.•. v;-;: V ^^^^ Inkley, Douglas B., Director, Biodiversity Conservation Division, National WildlifeFederation 1l1^Jo9o Pr6D3.r©<lst3.t©ni6iit James, Dan, Federal Affairs Representative, Pacific Northwest Waterways Association 11°° KlecPknreerp,arDeedasntaR.t,emPreenstident,American Farm BureauFed•e•rati;on J11Y7a7^ LarsoPnr,epJaorseedphstSa.,tePmreonftessor ofBiology, The Environmental••••I•nsti-.•tute, •U•n••i•:ver- 1277 sityofMassachusettsatAmherst 1121 LatchP,reMpaarrke,dDsitvaitseimoennDtirector, FloridaDepartmentof"•E"•n•v•i.ronmentVa"li"iPir"o"tLec- 11"^ tion Preparedstatement ....^...... 1235 Lyons, James R., Assistant Secretary, Natural Resources and Environment, U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture 1104 Preparedstatement 1^01 Responsestoadditionalquestions ••• •"• 1^05 Marsh, Langdon, Executive Deputy Commissioner, New York State Depart- mentofEnvironmentalConservation 1161 Preparedstatement ••••• •• •• ]^°°l Martin, KevinC,President, Soil and Environmental St ,co, Inc 1184

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