Reassessment of 'Calcinus' astathes Stebbing 1924 (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridae: Diogenidae)

6 Pages·1996·2.5 MB·

by  Patsy A Mclaughlin

Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Zool.)62(1):31-36 Issued27June 1996
Reassessment of 'Calcinus' astathes Stebbing,
1924
(Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridea: Diogenidae)
patsy a. Mclaughlin
ShannonPointMarineCenter, 1900ShannonPointRoad, Anacortes, WA 98221-4042, U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Introduction 31
MaterialandMethods 31
SystematicAccount 32
Redescription 32
Distribution 34
Affinities 34
Remarks 35
Acknowledgements 35
References 35
Synopsis. Areexaminationofthesyntypesof'Calcinus'astathesStebbing, 1924inthecollectionofTheNaturalHistory
Museum,London, U.K.,hasshownthatalthoughsubsequentlyassignedcorrectlytothegenusClibanarius,thistaxonis
notconspecificwithC. virescensKrauss, 1843,aswaspreviouslyproposedatthattime.Clibanariusasiatliesisredescribed
andillustrated;alectotypeisdesignated.
INTRODUCTION listed by Stebbing (1924). Barnard's hand written label
accompanying the dry specimens reads 'A2121. Delagoa Bay 4
spec, returned by Stebbing labelled (sic) as 'Calcinus astathes'
Stebbing (1924) described a new species of hermit crab from also 1 with parasites see Stebbing. 1920'. Barnard's label
Delagoa Bay, South Africa, which he mistakenly assigned to reference to the parasitized specimen must refer to a specimen
hCaavlceibnuesenDpalnaac,ed18i5n1.ClTibhaenafraicutstDhaatnat,his18s5p2ecwiaesscrleecaorlgyniszheodublyd w(iNthHoMut1c9h2e8l.i1p2e.d1s.2i6n7c-l2u6d8e,dSbAyMStAe3b2b7in0gA2(1192200)),, iwdietnhtifoitehderass
Barnard(1947);however,atthattimehemadeonlythenotation Calcinus laevimanus (Randall, 1840), the former specimen
that four specimens returned to the South African Museum by similarly placed in synonymy with C. virescens by Barnard
Stebbing were indistinguishable from Clibanarius virescens (1950: 435). No specimens of Calcinus or Clibanarius astathes
(Krauss, 1843). Barnard (1950) went on to define those four were listed among the type collection in the South African
specimensfurtherbycommenting,Twouldnothaveventuredto museum by Kensley (1974), and none have been found on a
dispute theidentity of Stebbing's Calcinusastathesif there had recentsearch(Ms. L. Hoenson,pers.comNm.H).M
not been four specimens returned to the Museum bearing Despite someconfusion in theinitial registryentryfor
Stebbing's autographic label (the largest and type specimen 'Calcinus' astathes, at least two points are clear. These five
probably retained by him, or perhaps now transferred to the specimens labeled as syntypes of Stebbing's (1924) species all
Bvriiretsicsehns.MuTsheeudma)c.tylTohfestehef3orudrlesgpiescniomtenlsongaerre tohbavnio6uthsljyoinCt., bvierleosncegnst.oTthheesfaomuertsapxeocni;mennosnereamraeicnoinnsgpeicniftihcewSitAhMClcioblalNneacHrtiiMuons
andhasthecharacteristicshape'. truly do represent C. virescens. The largest of the
specimens[andtheonepresumablyunaccountedforbyBarnard
Stebbing's (1924) original description of Calcinus astathes
specified only a 'group' of specimens collected from Delagoa (1950)] is herein designated as the lectotype of 'Calcinus'
Bay by K.H. Barnard on October 12, 1912. Five specimens, astathes.
listed as syntypes of this taxon are part of the Stebbing
Collection donated to The Natural History Museum (NHM)
[formerly British Museum (Natural History)] by Barnard, MATERIALAND METHODS
although only three initiallywere listed in the Museum registry
(NHM 1928.12.1.264-266). Four specimens, dry, and in poor
condition, remain in the collection of the South African In addition to the syntypes, and Barnard's four specimens of
Museum(SAM)cataloguedundertheoriginalnumber(A2121) Clibanarius virescens, comparative material of a
©TheNaturalHistoryMuseum,1996
32 pa.Mclaughlin
morphologically similar Clibanarius species, C. longitarsus (De by small median cleft; terminal margins each with three to five
Haan, 1849) from Durban Bay, S.A., has been examined. One smallspines,largeronleft.
measurement, shield length (SL), measured from the tip of the
rostrum to the midpoint of the cervical groove provides an
indicationofspecimensize.ThetypematerialofC. astatheshas
beenreturnedtotheNaturalHistoryMuseum,andBarnard'sC. REDESCRIPTION
virescens to the South African Museum. Two specimens of C.
longitarsusused in the comparison also have been deposited in
The Natural History Museum (NHM 1995.163-164), the Shieldlongerthanbroad;anteriormarginbetweenrostrumand
remaininghavebeenretainedintheauthor'spersonalcollection. lateralprojectionsstraightorveryfaintlyconcave; anterolateral
margins sloping; posterior margin roundly truncate. Dorsal
surface of shield with scattered setae and distinct 'Y'-shaped
suture medianly in posterior portion. Rostrum triangular,
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT
terminating acutely or minutely bifid, overreaching lateral
projections. Lateral projections broadly rounded or obtusely
triangular,withterminalspinuleorbluntsmallprojection.
Clibanariusastathes(Stebbing, 1924)
Ocular peduncles slender, 0.66-0.75 length of shield, with
Figs 1,2 scattered setae dorsally and mesially; corneae not dilated.
Calcinus astathes Stebbing, 1924: 239, pi. 2 (CXVII of Ocular acicles narrowly triangular, dorsally rounded (convex),
continuingseries). Clibanarius virescens: Barnard, 1947: 376(in with simple or bifid acute termination; separated by less than
part); 1950: 435 (in part). Lectotype (herein selected). Female basal width of one acicle and tending to become approximate
(SL - 7.3 mm), NHM reg. 1928.12.1.264 Paralectotypes. Two distally.
females (SL = 6.3, 6.3 mm), 2 males (SL = 5.8, 6.9), NHM reg. Antennularpedunclesoverreachingdistal margin ofcorneae
1928.12.1.265-266. littleifatall. Ultimateandpenultimatesegmentswithscattered
setae. Basal segment with one or two very small spinules on
Type locality. Delagoa Bay (25°50'S, 32°50'E), ventrolateraldistalmargin.
'Mosambique', Ethiopianregion, IndianOcean, 1912. Antennal peduncles reaching approximately to bases of
corneae; with supernumerary segmentation. Basal segment
Diagnosis. Rostrum with simple or bifid termination. Ocular without spine on laterodistal margin, but with acute spine on
peduncles0.66-0.75 length of shield; little if at all overreached ventrodistalmargin laterally. Second segment withdorsolateral
by antennular peduncles; antennal peduncles not reaching to distal angle produced, with small terminal spine, dorsomesial
bases of corneae. Ocular acicles with acute, simple or bifid distal angle rounded. Third segment with small spine on
termination. Basal segment of antennularpedunclewith 1 or 2 ventrodistal margin. Fourth and fifth segments with scattered
smallspines. setae.Antennalaciclereachingalmosttodistalmarginoffourth
Chelipeds subequal, right somewhat larger. Right cheliped peduncular segment, triangular, armed on mesial margin with
with dactyl equal to or slightly longer than palm; dorsomesial onetothreespinesandtuftsofsetae,terminatinginacutespine.
marginanddorsalsurfacewithrowsofcorneous-tippedspines. Antennal flagellum overreaching chelipeds, and approximately
Dorsomesialmarginofpalmwithrowoflowspinesandtuftsof aslongasambulatorylegs;eacharticlewithtwoorthreeminute
longsetae,secondadjacentrowofspinesandonelargetubercle bristles.
at proximal margin, dorsal surface sloping, with few spines Chelipeds subequal, right somewhat larger. Right cheliped
distally and on proximal portion of fixed finger. Dorsomesial with dactyl equal to or slightly longer than palm; dorsomesial
distal angle ofcarpus with acute spine, low protuberances and marginwith rowofcorneous-tipped spines, dorsalsurfacewith
tufts of setae on dorsomesial margin. Merus with few low, two rows of appreciably stronger, corneous-tipped spines;
somewhat spinulose protuberances on ventromesial margin; surfaces all with numerous tufts of moderately long setae;
ventrolateral distal angle with three acute spines. Left cheliped cutting edge with two prominent calcareous teeth in proximal
with fewmore spinules on dorsal surface ofpalm. Carpuswith half and broad terminal corneous hoof-shaped claw. Palm
two strong corneous-tipped spines on dorsomesial margin and slightlylongerthancarpus;dorsomesialmarginwithrowoflow
blunt protuberance in linewithtubercleonproximalmargin of spinesandtuftsoflongsetae,secondadjacentrowofspinesand
palm. Ventromesial margin of merus with row of few small one large tubercle at proximal margin, dorsal surface sloping,
spinesortwosmallspinesdistally;lateralfacewithtwospinesat with no delimitation of dorsolateral margin, surface with few
ventrolateraldistalangle. spinesdistallyandonproximalportionoffixedfinger,alsowith
Ambulatory legs similar from left to right. Dactyls tuftsoflongsetae;fixedfingerwithtworowsofsmallspineson
approximately 1.5 times longer than propodi; dorsal surfaces dorsalsurface, allsurfaceswithtuftsoflongsetae; cuttingedge
flattened; ventral margins each with row of minute corneous with three calcareous teeth in proximal half, distal-most
spinules(10-13indistalhalfandoneortwoproximally).Lateral strongest; terminating in corneous hoof-shaped claw. Carpus
facesofpropodieachwithverystronglydevelopeddorsolateral slightlymorethanhalflengthofmerus;dorsomesialdistalangle
margin; dorsal surfacessomewhatflattened; ventrolateraldistal with acute spine, low protuberances and tufts of setae on
angles each with one or two spines. Carpi each with spine at dorsomesialmargin;dorsalsurfacewithindicationsofpointsof
dorsodistal angle. Meri each with acute spine at ventrolateral original tufts of setae (no longer present), dorsolateral margin
distal angle. Sternite of third pereopods with subrectangular not delimited; mesial face with few scattered tufts of setae.
anterior lobe, anterior margin slightly rounded. Fourth Merus subtriangular; dorsal margin with tufts of setae;
pereopods each with acute spine at dorsodistal margin of ventromesial margin with few low, somewhat spinulose
carpus. protuberancesandtuftsofsetae; ventrolateraldistalanglewith
Telson with slightly asymmetrical posterior lobes, separated three acute spines, ventrolateral margin proximally and lateral
REASSESSMENTOF'CALCINUS' ASTATHES *S
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Fig.1 Clibanariusastathes(Stebbing, 1924),A-E,femalelectotype(7.3mm);F,maleparalectotype(6.9mm).A,shieldandcephalicappendages;B,
rightsecondantennalpeduncularsegmentenlarged;C,carpusandchelaofleftcheliped(lateralview);D,thirdleftpereopod(lateralview);E,dac-
tylofthirdleftpereopod(mesialview);F,telson.Scalesequal5.0mm(A,C-E)and3.0mm(B,F).
pa.Mclaughlin
faceventrallywithlowprotuberancesandtuftsofsetae.Ischium Affinities. Clibanarius astathes shares with C. padavensis De
with few low spinules on ventromesial margin. Left cheliped Man, 1888, dactyls of theambulatory legs that are longer than
with few more spinules on dorsal surface of palm; carpus with the propodi. Barnard (1926) listed the latter species from
two strong corneous-tipped spines on dorsomesial margin and Delagoa Bay, and subsequently (Barnard, 1950) gave a brief
bluntprotuberancein linewithtubercleonproximalmargin of diagnosisofthatspecies.Theratioofcorneadiametertoocular
palm; ventromesial margin of merus with row of few small peduncle length cited by Barnard is less than that given by De
spines or two small spines distally and two, plus low Man(1888)inhisoriginaldescription,orlaterbyAlcock(1905),
protuberance, medially, with additional protuberance andtheillustratedpropodusoftheleftthirdpereopod(Barnard,
proximally; lateral face with two spines at ventrolateral distal 1950: fig. 80d) is appreciably shorter and stouter than that
angleandlowprotuberancesonventrolateralmargin. described for C. padavensis. However, if the colour patterns
Ambulatory legs similar frorrifefr- to right. Dactyls described by Barnard actually were taken from his specimens,
approximately 1.5 times longer than propodi; in dorsal view onemustassumethathisidentificationwascorrect, andthat C.
straight,inlateralviewslightlycurved;dorsalsurfacesflattened, astathes and C. padavensis exist sympatrically in the Delagoa
and with rows of tufts of stiff setae, lateral faces each with area.
longitudinalrowoftuftsofstiffsetae;ventralmarginswithrow I have not had the opportunity to examine Barnard's (1950)
of tufts of stiffsetae and row of minute corneous spinules, 14 specimen(s) of C. padavensis, nor other specimens of this
(spaced distally to proximally 8,5,1) on left third (lectotype), species; however, De Man's (1888) very detailed description
right third with 10, left second with 13, all in distal half; pointstoseveralcharactersthatwoulddistinguishC.padavensis
paralectotypesusuallywith 10-13spinulesindistalhalfandone from C. astathesin the absence ofcolour. These include longer
or two proximally. Propodi slightly less than twice length of andmoreslenderocularpeduncles; multispinoseocularacicles;
carpi; lateral faces each with distinctly developed dorsolateral longer antennal acicles, which reach beyond the proximal
margin and tufts of setae; dorsal surfaces somewhat flattened margins of the penultimate peduncular segments; longer and
and with numerous tufts of setae; ventrolateral distal angles more slender chelae; and subcylindrical propodi of the
eachwithoneortwospines,ventralmarginswithtuftsofsetae. ambulatorylegs.
Carpi0.66to0.90lengthofmeri;eachwithspineatdorsodistal Clibanarius astathes also bears a very strong resemblance to
marginandtufts ofsetae ondorsal and lateral faces. Meriwith C. longitarsus. ClibanariusastathesdiffersfromtheDurbanBay
tufts of setae dorsally and ventrally; ventrolateral distal angles populationof C. longitarsus(12males, 3 females,SL= 1.9-10.4
each with one acute spine and ventral margins of second also mm) that I have examined, in having: 1) fewer spines on the
with low protuberances. Ischia with tufts of setae on ventral ventrolateral distal margin of the antennular peduncle (one or
margins. Fourthpereopodseachwithacutespineatdorsodistal two, as opposed to three to six in C. longitarsus); 2) two strong
margin of carpi. Sternite of third pereopods with corneous-tippedspinesonthedorsomesialmarginofthecarpus
subrectangularanteriorlobe,anteriormarginslightlyrounded. of the left cheliped (only one was observed in numerous
Uropods asymmetrical. Telson with transverse suture; specimens of C. longitarsus of varying sizes); 3) strongly
posterior lobes slightly asymmetrical, separated by small delineated dorsomesial propodal margin on thethird pereopod
median cleft; terminal margins each with three to five small (rounded or very faintly ridged in C. longitarsus); 4) roundly
spines,largeronleft. rectangularanteriorlobeon the sterniteofthethird pereopods
(this lobe is subquadrate, and often with a central blister-like
Colour. Unknown.
protuberance in C. longitarsus). Other characters, such as the
Distribution. At present recognized only from the type rows of spines on the fixed finger of the left cheliped, the
armatureoftheventralmarginsofthemeriofthechelipeds,the
locality,DelagoaBay,SouthAfrica.
Fig.2Clibanariusastathes(Stebbing, 1924).maleparalectotype(6.9mm).A,ieftcheliped;B,rightcheliped.Scaleequals12mm.
REASSESSMENTOF'CALCINUS'ASTATHES 35
presenceofaspineattheventrolateraldistalangleofthemerus Clibanarius species characterized by long pereopodal dactyls
ofthethirdrightandleftpereopods,thenumberandspacingof andveryshortantennalacicles.
thecorneousspinulesontheventralmarginsoftheambulatory
dactyls, and thespination oftheterminal marginsofthetelson
appearquitevariablein C. longitarsus. Toofewspecimensof C. Acknowledgements. I am indebted to Paul Clark, The Natural
astathes are known for any evaluation of morphological HistoryMuseum. London,fortheloanofStebbing'ssyntypicmaterial,
variation. andto BarbaraCookand Liz Hoenson,South African Museum,Cape
Town, for providing the specimens upon which Barnard based his
synonymy. The photographs are to work of E.J. McGeorge. This a
Remarks. Stebbing's (1924) comments on the genus Calcinus
scientificcontributionfromtheShannon PointMarineCenter,Western
emphasized as did his earlier remarks (Stebbing, 1914), the WashingtonUniversity.
development ofthemaxillipeds, which seemstosuggest thathe
wasnot reallyfamiliarwith theoverall morphologyof Calcinus
species. Finding similar maxillipedal development in his new
taxon, Stebbing (1924) assigned astathes to this genus, with REFERENCES
apparent disregard for the numerous characters which set
Clibanariusapartfrom Calcinus.
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placementofthespeciesinsynonymywith C. virescens. Calcinus Dacniar,cumJn.aDv.igat1i8o5n1e..CCaornoslpoecWtiulksescerculsatsasceeroeriupmubliqcuaaeefoeidneratoarebidsucet,erlerxaitruemt
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orefceknntolywnwaCsailnccilnuudsesdpebcyieMs.orBgarannar(d19's91()1i9n50h)isdweocrilsido-nwirdeegalrisdtiinngg cEoxnptl1i8on5ru2ie.ndg,CoEntxhspepeedMciettguiasolnocpruiundsdeteaar,ceCoaarnpudtm.,thWeeticl.kM,easCc,ornoUsu.prSea.c.Nt.u,Psaigonucfrliutddheiean,CgrcutohsnettaiPcnaeugaeudro,ifdaetnahd,e
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ambulatory dactyls are armed with 10 to 14 tiny corneous Diogenidae)enIndonesie.avecladescriptiondesixespecesnouvelles.Bulletindu
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corneousspinesseenin C virescens. Aspreviouslyindicated, C. J.K.Townsend,fromthewestcoastofNorthAmericaandtheSandwichIslands,
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AcademyofNaturalSciencesofPhiladelphia8:106-147.
36 pa. Mclaughlin
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